Spatial Distribution of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections in Rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Faye, M Lindiwe, Hosu, C Mojisola, Vasaikar, Sandeep, Dippenaar, Anzaan, Oostvogels, Selien, Warren, M Rob, Apalata, Teke
- Authors: Faye, M Lindiwe , Hosu, C Mojisola , Vasaikar, Sandeep , Dippenaar, Anzaan , Oostvogels, Selien , Warren, M Rob , Apalata, Teke
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Spatial analysis , Mutations , Spoligotypes , Heteroresistance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13642 , vital:78969 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030475
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a serious public health threat reported as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. South Africa is a high-TB-burden country with TB being the highest infectious disease killer. This study investigated the distribution of Mtb mutations and spoligotypes in rural Eastern Cape Province. The Mtb isolates included were 1157 from DR-TB patients and analysed by LPA followed by spoligotyping of 441 isolates. The distribution of mutations and spoligotypes was done by spatial analysis. The rpoB gene had the highest number of mutations. The distribution of rpoB and katG mutations was more prevalent in four healthcare facilities, inhA mutations were more prevalent in three healthcare facilities, and heteroresistant isolates were more prevalent in five healthcare facilities. The Mtb was genetically diverse with Beijing more prevalent and largely distributed. Spatial analysis and mapping of gene mutations and spoligotypes revealed a better picture of distribution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Faye, M Lindiwe , Hosu, C Mojisola , Vasaikar, Sandeep , Dippenaar, Anzaan , Oostvogels, Selien , Warren, M Rob , Apalata, Teke
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Spatial analysis , Mutations , Spoligotypes , Heteroresistance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13642 , vital:78969 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030475
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a serious public health threat reported as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. South Africa is a high-TB-burden country with TB being the highest infectious disease killer. This study investigated the distribution of Mtb mutations and spoligotypes in rural Eastern Cape Province. The Mtb isolates included were 1157 from DR-TB patients and analysed by LPA followed by spoligotyping of 441 isolates. The distribution of mutations and spoligotypes was done by spatial analysis. The rpoB gene had the highest number of mutations. The distribution of rpoB and katG mutations was more prevalent in four healthcare facilities, inhA mutations were more prevalent in three healthcare facilities, and heteroresistant isolates were more prevalent in five healthcare facilities. The Mtb was genetically diverse with Beijing more prevalent and largely distributed. Spatial analysis and mapping of gene mutations and spoligotypes revealed a better picture of distribution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients from Selected Rural Eastern Cape Hospitals: An Ambidirectional Study
- Faye, M Lindiwe, Hosu, C Mojisola, Iruedo, Joshua, Nokoyo, A Kolisa, Tsuro, Urgent, Apalata, Teke
- Authors: Faye, M Lindiwe , Hosu, C Mojisola , Iruedo, Joshua , Nokoyo, A Kolisa , Tsuro, Urgent , Apalata, Teke
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Treatment outcomes , DR-TB, MDR-TB, TB-HIV , Co-infection , Treatment success rate
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13637 , vital:78967 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8060315
- Description: An essential metric for determining the efficacy of tuberculosis (TB) control programs is the evaluation of TB treatment outcomes; this study was conducted to investigate treatment outcomes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in rural areas of Eastern Cape, South Africa. Assessing treatment outcomes is fundamental to facilitating the End TB Strategy’s set target. Clinic records from 457 patients with DR-TB were examined for data collection while 101 patients were followed up prospectively. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17.0. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to check the association between variables. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 427 participants, 65.8% had successful treatment whilst 34.2% had unsuccessful TB treatment. A total of 61.2% and 39% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants had a successful TB treatment whilst 66% and 34% of both HIV-negative and positive participants had unsuccessful TB treatment. From the 101 patients that were followed up, smokers took longer to have treatment outcomes compared to non-smokers. In the study with HIV/TB co-infection, men predominated. HIV and tuberculosis co-infection made therapy difficult with unfavorable effects on TB management. The treatment success rate (65.8%) was lower than the WHO threshold standard with a high proportion of patients being lost to the follow up. The co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV resulted in undesirable treatment outcomes. Strengthening TB surveillance and control is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Faye, M Lindiwe , Hosu, C Mojisola , Iruedo, Joshua , Nokoyo, A Kolisa , Tsuro, Urgent , Apalata, Teke
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Treatment outcomes , DR-TB, MDR-TB, TB-HIV , Co-infection , Treatment success rate
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13637 , vital:78967 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8060315
- Description: An essential metric for determining the efficacy of tuberculosis (TB) control programs is the evaluation of TB treatment outcomes; this study was conducted to investigate treatment outcomes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in rural areas of Eastern Cape, South Africa. Assessing treatment outcomes is fundamental to facilitating the End TB Strategy’s set target. Clinic records from 457 patients with DR-TB were examined for data collection while 101 patients were followed up prospectively. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17.0. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to check the association between variables. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 427 participants, 65.8% had successful treatment whilst 34.2% had unsuccessful TB treatment. A total of 61.2% and 39% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants had a successful TB treatment whilst 66% and 34% of both HIV-negative and positive participants had unsuccessful TB treatment. From the 101 patients that were followed up, smokers took longer to have treatment outcomes compared to non-smokers. In the study with HIV/TB co-infection, men predominated. HIV and tuberculosis co-infection made therapy difficult with unfavorable effects on TB management. The treatment success rate (65.8%) was lower than the WHO threshold standard with a high proportion of patients being lost to the follow up. The co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV resulted in undesirable treatment outcomes. Strengthening TB surveillance and control is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
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