Israel and Palestine: some critical international relations perspectives on the 'two-state' solution
- Authors: Pienaar, Ashwin Mark
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Arab-Israeli conflict Jewish-Arab relations Nationalism -- Israel Nationalism -- Palestine Land settlement -- West Bank Land settlement -- Gaza Strip Realism Liberalism Palestinian Arabs -- Politics and government -- 20th century Israel -- Politics and government -- 20th century Israel -- Foreign relations -- Palestine Palestine -- Foreign relations -- Israel
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2820 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003030
- Description: This research questions whether Israel and Palestine should be divided into two states. Viewed through the International Relations (IR) theories of Realism and Liberalism, the ‘Two-State’ solution is the orthodox policy for Israel and Palestine. But Israelis and Palestinians are interspersed and share many of the same resources making it difficult to create two states. So, this research critiques the aforementioned IR theories which underpin the ‘Two-State’ solution. The conclusion reached is that there ought to be new thinking on how to resolve the Israel-Palestine issue.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Israel and Palestine: some critical international relations perspectives on the 'two-state' solution
- Authors: Pienaar, Ashwin Mark
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Arab-Israeli conflict Jewish-Arab relations Nationalism -- Israel Nationalism -- Palestine Land settlement -- West Bank Land settlement -- Gaza Strip Realism Liberalism Palestinian Arabs -- Politics and government -- 20th century Israel -- Politics and government -- 20th century Israel -- Foreign relations -- Palestine Palestine -- Foreign relations -- Israel
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2820 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003030
- Description: This research questions whether Israel and Palestine should be divided into two states. Viewed through the International Relations (IR) theories of Realism and Liberalism, the ‘Two-State’ solution is the orthodox policy for Israel and Palestine. But Israelis and Palestinians are interspersed and share many of the same resources making it difficult to create two states. So, this research critiques the aforementioned IR theories which underpin the ‘Two-State’ solution. The conclusion reached is that there ought to be new thinking on how to resolve the Israel-Palestine issue.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Justice through language : a critical analysis of the use of foreign African interpreters in South African courtrooms
- Authors: Usadolo, Sam Erevbenagie
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Translators
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:8363 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1503 , Translators
- Description: This study represents an analysis of the use of foreign African interpreters in South African courtrooms in the context of the necessity of court interpreting as a vehicle through which accused persons can express themselves in defence of their rights, which may have been violated. As a background to the study, due consideration is given to the history of interpreting, followed by some theoretical perspectives of interpreting, where the differences between translation and interpreting are explained. The discussion of some of the theoretical issues of interpreting also focuses on the notion of equivalence, and the divergent views of scholars regarding this notion, which range from formal equivalence (a source-language oriented approach), through dynamic equivalence (in terms of which translation/interpreting must be in agreement with the form and cultural expectations of the receptor language community) to skopos theory (functional in approach and target text oriented). In discussing the role of the court interpreter, the role boundaries with regard to his/her professional relationship with other participants in the courtroom are highlighted. A related topic, namely that of quality in interpreting, is investigated in relation to quality control by professional associations in different countries, who act as regulatory authorities in this regard. A review of court interpreting in South Africa and selected countries in Africa and the EU, such as Nigeria, Benin, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique and Portugal reveals that efforts to develop court interpreting in some Africa and EU countries are either non-existent or at an incipient stage of development. While South Africa, compared to other countries in Africa, is making progress, she is far behind EU countries such as the UK, France and Spain –all of which possess accreditation systems, professional associations and registers of court interpreters. An analysis of the data collected on foreign African court interpreters shows that, although they work in the same courtrooms as their South African counterparts on a daily basis, they are treated differently in terms of employment procedures, training, remuneration, and such like. The study points out that some factors such as (a) the lack of adequate crosscultural awareness and (b) of a balanced proficiency in their language pair, as well as (c) and the existence of divergent dialects in those languages may pose a challenge to foreign African court interpreters in interpreting cross-border languages and in performing sight translations. The study further reveals that foreign African court interpreters are in serious breach of the professional code of conduct, as exemplified by instances of conflict of interest and partiality in their practices. As regards the management of court interpreters, the findings indicate a general laxity on the side of management, as a result of which there is a lack, inter alia, of an appropriate evaluation or monitoring strategy aimed at detecting such cases of conflict of interest and partiality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Usadolo, Sam Erevbenagie
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Translators
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:8363 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1503 , Translators
- Description: This study represents an analysis of the use of foreign African interpreters in South African courtrooms in the context of the necessity of court interpreting as a vehicle through which accused persons can express themselves in defence of their rights, which may have been violated. As a background to the study, due consideration is given to the history of interpreting, followed by some theoretical perspectives of interpreting, where the differences between translation and interpreting are explained. The discussion of some of the theoretical issues of interpreting also focuses on the notion of equivalence, and the divergent views of scholars regarding this notion, which range from formal equivalence (a source-language oriented approach), through dynamic equivalence (in terms of which translation/interpreting must be in agreement with the form and cultural expectations of the receptor language community) to skopos theory (functional in approach and target text oriented). In discussing the role of the court interpreter, the role boundaries with regard to his/her professional relationship with other participants in the courtroom are highlighted. A related topic, namely that of quality in interpreting, is investigated in relation to quality control by professional associations in different countries, who act as regulatory authorities in this regard. A review of court interpreting in South Africa and selected countries in Africa and the EU, such as Nigeria, Benin, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique and Portugal reveals that efforts to develop court interpreting in some Africa and EU countries are either non-existent or at an incipient stage of development. While South Africa, compared to other countries in Africa, is making progress, she is far behind EU countries such as the UK, France and Spain –all of which possess accreditation systems, professional associations and registers of court interpreters. An analysis of the data collected on foreign African court interpreters shows that, although they work in the same courtrooms as their South African counterparts on a daily basis, they are treated differently in terms of employment procedures, training, remuneration, and such like. The study points out that some factors such as (a) the lack of adequate crosscultural awareness and (b) of a balanced proficiency in their language pair, as well as (c) and the existence of divergent dialects in those languages may pose a challenge to foreign African court interpreters in interpreting cross-border languages and in performing sight translations. The study further reveals that foreign African court interpreters are in serious breach of the professional code of conduct, as exemplified by instances of conflict of interest and partiality in their practices. As regards the management of court interpreters, the findings indicate a general laxity on the side of management, as a result of which there is a lack, inter alia, of an appropriate evaluation or monitoring strategy aimed at detecting such cases of conflict of interest and partiality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Kileleshwa: A tale of love, betrayal and corruption in Kenya
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129196 , vital:36243 , ISBN 9789956616350 , http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/kileleshwa-a-tale-of-love-betrayal-and-corruption-in-kenya
- Description: When Sembe discovers that Amu, her husband of fifteen years, is having an affair with another woman, she moves out of the matrimonial home, but is persuaded to return by relatives and friends. However, a few months later, when Amu comes home to reveal that his mistress is pregnant with his child, everything crumbles. Kileleshwa is a tale of love, betrayal and corruption, set on a background of ethnic incongruity, political uncertainty and very difficult economic times.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129196 , vital:36243 , ISBN 9789956616350 , http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/kileleshwa-a-tale-of-love-betrayal-and-corruption-in-kenya
- Description: When Sembe discovers that Amu, her husband of fifteen years, is having an affair with another woman, she moves out of the matrimonial home, but is persuaded to return by relatives and friends. However, a few months later, when Amu comes home to reveal that his mistress is pregnant with his child, everything crumbles. Kileleshwa is a tale of love, betrayal and corruption, set on a background of ethnic incongruity, political uncertainty and very difficult economic times.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
Klaas Koen: identity and belonging in the Berlin Mission Society during the late nineteenth century
- Authors: Kirkaldy, Alan
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/450085 , vital:74881 , https://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hist/v55n2/v55n2a10.pdf
- Description: Klaas Koen should not have belonged. Of Khoisan descent, he wasn’t German, he wasn’t white, and he came from the “wrong” class background to be a missionary.(Indeed, as Elizabeth Elbourne has demonstrated, by the 1830s, many white settlers in the Cape–and some missionaries–saw the Khoikhoi as being sub-human and dismissed missionary notions of the “reclaimability” of those who converted to Christianity. 1) However, after his training in Berlin, Koen became so German that he sat in tears on his first Christmas at his own mission station in South Africa. There was no Christmas tree decorated with candles in German style. Koen died a “blessed death” in the service of the Berlin Mission Society. A tract was produced about his life. This article examines the life history of this man and explores why the mission society treated him, wrote about him, and remembered him as they did. It also suggests some reasons why the young missionary may have made the choices that he did. It concludes with an examination of some aspects of his posthumous identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Kirkaldy, Alan
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/450085 , vital:74881 , https://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hist/v55n2/v55n2a10.pdf
- Description: Klaas Koen should not have belonged. Of Khoisan descent, he wasn’t German, he wasn’t white, and he came from the “wrong” class background to be a missionary.(Indeed, as Elizabeth Elbourne has demonstrated, by the 1830s, many white settlers in the Cape–and some missionaries–saw the Khoikhoi as being sub-human and dismissed missionary notions of the “reclaimability” of those who converted to Christianity. 1) However, after his training in Berlin, Koen became so German that he sat in tears on his first Christmas at his own mission station in South Africa. There was no Christmas tree decorated with candles in German style. Koen died a “blessed death” in the service of the Berlin Mission Society. A tract was produced about his life. This article examines the life history of this man and explores why the mission society treated him, wrote about him, and remembered him as they did. It also suggests some reasons why the young missionary may have made the choices that he did. It concludes with an examination of some aspects of his posthumous identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Lag length selection for vector error correction models
- Authors: Sharp, Gary David
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Akaike Information Criterion Mathematical models -- Evaluation Autoregression (Statistics) Error analysis (Mathematics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5568 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002808
- Description: This thesis investigates the problem of model identification in a Vector Autoregressive framework. The study reviews the existing research, conducts an extensive simulation based analysis of thirteen information theoretic criterion (IC), one of which is a novel derivation. The simulation exercise considers the evaluation of seven alternative error restricted vector autoregressive models with four different lag lengths. Alternative sample sizes and parameterisations are also evaluated and compared to results in the existing literature. The results of the comparative analysis provide strong support for the efficiency based criterion of Akaike and in particular the selection capability of the novel criterion, referred to as a modified corrected Akaike information criterion, demonstrates useful finite sample properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Sharp, Gary David
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Akaike Information Criterion Mathematical models -- Evaluation Autoregression (Statistics) Error analysis (Mathematics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5568 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002808
- Description: This thesis investigates the problem of model identification in a Vector Autoregressive framework. The study reviews the existing research, conducts an extensive simulation based analysis of thirteen information theoretic criterion (IC), one of which is a novel derivation. The simulation exercise considers the evaluation of seven alternative error restricted vector autoregressive models with four different lag lengths. Alternative sample sizes and parameterisations are also evaluated and compared to results in the existing literature. The results of the comparative analysis provide strong support for the efficiency based criterion of Akaike and in particular the selection capability of the novel criterion, referred to as a modified corrected Akaike information criterion, demonstrates useful finite sample properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Land price premiums in South Africa's land redistribution process: a case study of Northern Kwazulu-Natal sugarcane farms
- Mbatha, Cyril N, Antrobus, Geoffrey G, Van Rooyen, Jonathan
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Van Rooyen, Jonathan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142980 , vital:38182 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2010.491298
- Description: The desire to transfer 30 per cent of commercial farmland into the hands of black South Africans has progressed slower than anticipated. Politicians and government officials have blamed the market approach to the purchase of land for the challenges and failures in the process. An analysis of the transfer of sugarcane land in two districts in KwaZulu-Natal over the period 2000 to 2006 permitted a comparison of the prices paid to commercial farmers both in private transactions and in the case of sales to government. Data did not support the contention that the slow rate of transfer was due to a manipulation of land prices by landowners in an attempt to stall the process. It was concluded that the state lost most of its bargaining power in the land reform market due to the drawn out nature of the land valuation processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Van Rooyen, Jonathan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142980 , vital:38182 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2010.491298
- Description: The desire to transfer 30 per cent of commercial farmland into the hands of black South Africans has progressed slower than anticipated. Politicians and government officials have blamed the market approach to the purchase of land for the challenges and failures in the process. An analysis of the transfer of sugarcane land in two districts in KwaZulu-Natal over the period 2000 to 2006 permitted a comparison of the prices paid to commercial farmers both in private transactions and in the case of sales to government. Data did not support the contention that the slow rate of transfer was due to a manipulation of land prices by landowners in an attempt to stall the process. It was concluded that the state lost most of its bargaining power in the land reform market due to the drawn out nature of the land valuation processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Land use, compensational justice and energy resource extraction in Nigeria: a socio-historical study of petroleum and coal mining communities
- Authors: Umejesi, Ikechukwu
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Compensation (Law) -- Nigeria , Right of property -- Nigeria , Mines and mineral resources -- Nigeria , Coal mines and mining -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Sociology)
- Identifier: vital:11950 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/344 , Compensation (Law) -- Nigeria , Right of property -- Nigeria , Mines and mineral resources -- Nigeria , Coal mines and mining -- Nigeria
- Description: Scholarly and public analyses of state-community conflict in resource-rich communities, especially in Nigeria, often portray the compensational practices of the state and extractive enterprises as unjust and unsustainable. According to this view, at least three issues foreground the “unjustness”, namely: a) Inadequate compensation of land owners when land is expropriated or degraded in the process of natural resource exploration and production; b) inadequate periodic rents paid by extractive firms to land owners; and c) lack of, or inadequate socio-economic infrastructure in the host communities of extractive operations. Most analysts have therefore argued for a revamp of the compensation system and have presented the inadequacy of compensation as the underlying cause of conflict in Nigeria‟s mining communities (see Frynas, 2000b:208; Okoji, 2002:205). This thesis subjects the compensation discourse to a closer examination, especially against the backdrop of underdevelopment, pervasive poverty, environmental damage and continuing corporate-community conflict in Nigeria‟s resource-rich rural communities. The main argument is that, because of some of its underlying neoliberal assumptions, much of the compensation discourse is flawed – which is why the discourse obscures the true character of state-community and corporate-community conflict. This more so, because the discourse relies mainly on post-colonial (that is, post-1960) experiences and contemporary advocacy literature, ignores the interplay between history and contemporary developments in state-community relations, and treats compensation as an independent variable. Drawing on the concept of collective memory, and utilising historical, ethnographic and survey data from two of Nigeria‟s oldest petroleum and coal-mining communities, the thesis examines how the evolution of the Nigerian state and collective memory about aspects of that evolution have shaped state-community relations in the extractive sector. It situates state- iii community resource-related conflict within the wider socio-historical matrix of state and community contestations for ecological and natural resource sovereignty. The key finding of the thesis is that within the context of socio-ecological rights, compensation demands by local communities are textured. In the case of the communities selected for the study, such demands are often made outside, rather than within, local ethnographic ideas of “justness” and “fairness”. Hence, land-related grievances associated with natural resource extraction persist, regardless of whether or not local demands for compensation are “adequately” met by the state and extractive corporations. The thesis enriches and extends our understanding of natural resource conflict by privileging both the sociological and historical contexts of the conflict and raising questions about the dominance the state enjoys over local communities and indigenous ecological spaces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Umejesi, Ikechukwu
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Compensation (Law) -- Nigeria , Right of property -- Nigeria , Mines and mineral resources -- Nigeria , Coal mines and mining -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Sociology)
- Identifier: vital:11950 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/344 , Compensation (Law) -- Nigeria , Right of property -- Nigeria , Mines and mineral resources -- Nigeria , Coal mines and mining -- Nigeria
- Description: Scholarly and public analyses of state-community conflict in resource-rich communities, especially in Nigeria, often portray the compensational practices of the state and extractive enterprises as unjust and unsustainable. According to this view, at least three issues foreground the “unjustness”, namely: a) Inadequate compensation of land owners when land is expropriated or degraded in the process of natural resource exploration and production; b) inadequate periodic rents paid by extractive firms to land owners; and c) lack of, or inadequate socio-economic infrastructure in the host communities of extractive operations. Most analysts have therefore argued for a revamp of the compensation system and have presented the inadequacy of compensation as the underlying cause of conflict in Nigeria‟s mining communities (see Frynas, 2000b:208; Okoji, 2002:205). This thesis subjects the compensation discourse to a closer examination, especially against the backdrop of underdevelopment, pervasive poverty, environmental damage and continuing corporate-community conflict in Nigeria‟s resource-rich rural communities. The main argument is that, because of some of its underlying neoliberal assumptions, much of the compensation discourse is flawed – which is why the discourse obscures the true character of state-community and corporate-community conflict. This more so, because the discourse relies mainly on post-colonial (that is, post-1960) experiences and contemporary advocacy literature, ignores the interplay between history and contemporary developments in state-community relations, and treats compensation as an independent variable. Drawing on the concept of collective memory, and utilising historical, ethnographic and survey data from two of Nigeria‟s oldest petroleum and coal-mining communities, the thesis examines how the evolution of the Nigerian state and collective memory about aspects of that evolution have shaped state-community relations in the extractive sector. It situates state- iii community resource-related conflict within the wider socio-historical matrix of state and community contestations for ecological and natural resource sovereignty. The key finding of the thesis is that within the context of socio-ecological rights, compensation demands by local communities are textured. In the case of the communities selected for the study, such demands are often made outside, rather than within, local ethnographic ideas of “justness” and “fairness”. Hence, land-related grievances associated with natural resource extraction persist, regardless of whether or not local demands for compensation are “adequately” met by the state and extractive corporations. The thesis enriches and extends our understanding of natural resource conflict by privileging both the sociological and historical contexts of the conflict and raising questions about the dominance the state enjoys over local communities and indigenous ecological spaces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Language policy and practice at CM Vellem and PJ Olivier primary schools
- Authors: Fobe, Mila Pamella
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: C M Vellem School P J Olivier School Public schools -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Language policy -- South Africa Language and education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Native language and education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Afrikaans language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown English language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3586 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002161
- Description: This study looks at language policy and practice at two Eastern Cape schools. It further explores the link between language learning and teaching. Language implementation strategies were the main focus of this study. The Language-in-education policy of the Republic of South Africa (1997) promotes the use of all nine African languages, which have been afforded the status of official languages. This study looks at the language teaching practices at two Grahamstown primary schools, where isiXhosa and Afrikaans have been used as media of instruction. Qualitative methods were used, and the study took the form of interpretive case studies. , Thuto e, e ikaelela go tshegetsa patlisiso e e ka ga gore dipuo tsa Selegae tsa Seaforika mo Aforikaborwa di tshwanelwa ke go tsewa ka maemo le mokgwa o o lekanang go ya ka Molaotheo wa Aforikaborwa. Ka jalo, e tlaa utolola,e ribilole ditsela le go batla malepa a puso ya Aforikaborwa e ka fitlhelelang setšhaba se se kwa magaeng, se bokgoni jwa kitso ya Seesimane bo leng kwa tlase mo go bona. Bothata ke gore Aforikaborwa e laolwa bogolo ke tiriso e e kwa godimo ya Seesimane mme puso e tshwanelwa ke gore e tlose dikgoreletsi tse di leng teng ga jaana tsa puo. E bowe gape e thibele go se lekalekaneng ga botshelo ka kakaretso mo loagong go go tlholwang ke go sa lekalekaneng ga kitso ya dipuo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. Ditshwanelo mo puong fela jaaka ditshwanelo dingwe le dingwe tsa botho, di tshwanelwa ke go sireletswa, jaaka di akareditswe mo Molaotheo o mošwa wa temokerasi wa Aforikaborwa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Fobe, Mila Pamella
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: C M Vellem School P J Olivier School Public schools -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Language policy -- South Africa Language and education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Native language and education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Afrikaans language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown English language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3586 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002161
- Description: This study looks at language policy and practice at two Eastern Cape schools. It further explores the link between language learning and teaching. Language implementation strategies were the main focus of this study. The Language-in-education policy of the Republic of South Africa (1997) promotes the use of all nine African languages, which have been afforded the status of official languages. This study looks at the language teaching practices at two Grahamstown primary schools, where isiXhosa and Afrikaans have been used as media of instruction. Qualitative methods were used, and the study took the form of interpretive case studies. , Thuto e, e ikaelela go tshegetsa patlisiso e e ka ga gore dipuo tsa Selegae tsa Seaforika mo Aforikaborwa di tshwanelwa ke go tsewa ka maemo le mokgwa o o lekanang go ya ka Molaotheo wa Aforikaborwa. Ka jalo, e tlaa utolola,e ribilole ditsela le go batla malepa a puso ya Aforikaborwa e ka fitlhelelang setšhaba se se kwa magaeng, se bokgoni jwa kitso ya Seesimane bo leng kwa tlase mo go bona. Bothata ke gore Aforikaborwa e laolwa bogolo ke tiriso e e kwa godimo ya Seesimane mme puso e tshwanelwa ke gore e tlose dikgoreletsi tse di leng teng ga jaana tsa puo. E bowe gape e thibele go se lekalekaneng ga botshelo ka kakaretso mo loagong go go tlholwang ke go sa lekalekaneng ga kitso ya dipuo mo setšhabeng ka kakaretso. Ditshwanelo mo puong fela jaaka ditshwanelo dingwe le dingwe tsa botho, di tshwanelwa ke go sireletswa, jaaka di akareditswe mo Molaotheo o mošwa wa temokerasi wa Aforikaborwa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Laser surface hardening of AISI 1518 alloy steel
- Authors: Zhang, Tao
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Lasers , Laser beams , Lasers in engineering , Nd-YAG lasers , Steel alloys , Surfaces -- Effect of radiation on
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/723 , Lasers , Laser beams , Lasers in engineering , Nd-YAG lasers , Steel alloys , Surfaces -- Effect of radiation on
- Description: The laser surface hardening process will enhance the hardness profile of automotive components and ensure better process control and predictability of quality as compared to the conventional hardening processes. A 2KW Nd-YAG laser system was used to harden the surface of alloy steel with various process parameters (laser power, focal spot diameter and beam velocity). The results (microhardness, microstructure change and residual stress distribution) were measured and analyzed with Vickers microhardness tester, optical/electron microscope and hole-drilling residual stress equipment. Statistical analyses of the experimental data were used for explaining the relationships between process parameters, microhardness and microstructure. General thermal hardening was applied in the research to show the influence of heating temperature and cooling method on microstructure and mechanical properties. Also, the results were compared with laser surface hardening process from microhardness, microstructure and residual stress to show the advantage of laser surface hardening. Through analysis of the results of the laser surface hardening experiments, a suitable laser power density and interaction time for optimum hardening was obtained. The presented laser surface hardening process can also be applied to other alloy steel surface hardening process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Zhang, Tao
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Lasers , Laser beams , Lasers in engineering , Nd-YAG lasers , Steel alloys , Surfaces -- Effect of radiation on
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/723 , Lasers , Laser beams , Lasers in engineering , Nd-YAG lasers , Steel alloys , Surfaces -- Effect of radiation on
- Description: The laser surface hardening process will enhance the hardness profile of automotive components and ensure better process control and predictability of quality as compared to the conventional hardening processes. A 2KW Nd-YAG laser system was used to harden the surface of alloy steel with various process parameters (laser power, focal spot diameter and beam velocity). The results (microhardness, microstructure change and residual stress distribution) were measured and analyzed with Vickers microhardness tester, optical/electron microscope and hole-drilling residual stress equipment. Statistical analyses of the experimental data were used for explaining the relationships between process parameters, microhardness and microstructure. General thermal hardening was applied in the research to show the influence of heating temperature and cooling method on microstructure and mechanical properties. Also, the results were compared with laser surface hardening process from microhardness, microstructure and residual stress to show the advantage of laser surface hardening. Through analysis of the results of the laser surface hardening experiments, a suitable laser power density and interaction time for optimum hardening was obtained. The presented laser surface hardening process can also be applied to other alloy steel surface hardening process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Learning about water through the African catchment game : the refinement of a role playing simulation game
- Authors: Fraenkel, Linda Anne
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Water -- South Africa -- Management -- Simulation methods Water -- Management -- Study and teaching Rain and rainfall -- South Africa -- Simulation methods Simulation games in education Role playing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4842 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005518
- Description: This research has undertaken two key mandates. One was to develop modifications to the African Catchment Game (ACG), a role playing simulation game, in order to simulate rainfall and water management processes representative of the southern African context. The other was to understand what, if any, learning associated with water management issues had taken place as a result of playing the ACG. The modification process took the form of an action research process. The initial modifications were trialed with South African students as part of their undergraduate Geography course offered at Rhodes University, South Africa. Subsequent modifications were implemented over a five month period with three diverse participant groups, namely Finnish, American and South African participants. An interpretive research orientation was employed in order to analyse both the qualitative and quantitative data that was generated. Pre- and Post-Game Questionnaires were used in order to identify the learning and understanding which the participants constructed as a result of playing the ACG. The Chi-Square Test was also applied to each of the pre- and post- questions to establish statistical significance. Subsequent analysis of these questions identified and traced patters and trends associated with learning and understanding across the three game runs. This research study draws on social constructivism and experiential learning as the dominant education theory that underpins it. Results revealed that for all three game runs learning took place. Participants identified dominant themes and environmental dimensions both before and after playing the ACG. The analysis of these responses indicated a deeper awareness of water as a contributing factor for sustainable economic development while the game runs enabled the researcher to adjust the water availability within each game run until rainfall and water management processes representative of a southern African context were successfully simulated in the last game run.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Fraenkel, Linda Anne
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Water -- South Africa -- Management -- Simulation methods Water -- Management -- Study and teaching Rain and rainfall -- South Africa -- Simulation methods Simulation games in education Role playing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4842 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005518
- Description: This research has undertaken two key mandates. One was to develop modifications to the African Catchment Game (ACG), a role playing simulation game, in order to simulate rainfall and water management processes representative of the southern African context. The other was to understand what, if any, learning associated with water management issues had taken place as a result of playing the ACG. The modification process took the form of an action research process. The initial modifications were trialed with South African students as part of their undergraduate Geography course offered at Rhodes University, South Africa. Subsequent modifications were implemented over a five month period with three diverse participant groups, namely Finnish, American and South African participants. An interpretive research orientation was employed in order to analyse both the qualitative and quantitative data that was generated. Pre- and Post-Game Questionnaires were used in order to identify the learning and understanding which the participants constructed as a result of playing the ACG. The Chi-Square Test was also applied to each of the pre- and post- questions to establish statistical significance. Subsequent analysis of these questions identified and traced patters and trends associated with learning and understanding across the three game runs. This research study draws on social constructivism and experiential learning as the dominant education theory that underpins it. Results revealed that for all three game runs learning took place. Participants identified dominant themes and environmental dimensions both before and after playing the ACG. The analysis of these responses indicated a deeper awareness of water as a contributing factor for sustainable economic development while the game runs enabled the researcher to adjust the water availability within each game run until rainfall and water management processes representative of a southern African context were successfully simulated in the last game run.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Learning to be original
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007431
- Description: preprint , My topic suggested itself in response to a point made at a seminar on University autonomy. Someone observed that many people, even shack dwellers, are interested in the cosmos and they always would be. The remark came in the course of a debate concerning the cost of the SKA project, the massively expensive square kilometer array telescope for which South Africa is bidding against Australia, viewed in relation to the country’s huge list of social backlogs: Big science versus food and decent housing; a false opposition, or a grim choice? You can imagine the debate. The nugget that stayed with me was the tangential comment that ordinary people are always interested in the cosmos. If so, is this true merely because human cultures traditionally incorporate such an interest, or because humans themselves actually need a relation to the cosmos? What might this need be?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007431
- Description: preprint , My topic suggested itself in response to a point made at a seminar on University autonomy. Someone observed that many people, even shack dwellers, are interested in the cosmos and they always would be. The remark came in the course of a debate concerning the cost of the SKA project, the massively expensive square kilometer array telescope for which South Africa is bidding against Australia, viewed in relation to the country’s huge list of social backlogs: Big science versus food and decent housing; a false opposition, or a grim choice? You can imagine the debate. The nugget that stayed with me was the tangential comment that ordinary people are always interested in the cosmos. If so, is this true merely because human cultures traditionally incorporate such an interest, or because humans themselves actually need a relation to the cosmos? What might this need be?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Leonotis leonurus: the anticoagulant and antidiabetic activity of Leonotis leonurus
- Authors: Mnonopi, Nandipha
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Materia medica, Vegetable -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Plant bioactive compounds , Leonotis leonurus -- Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10323 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1194 , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Materia medica, Vegetable -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Plant bioactive compounds , Leonotis leonurus -- Physiological aspects
- Description: Commercial marrubiin, aqueous and organic extracts of Leonotis leonurus were tested in vitro for their anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities. The aqueous extract inhibited platelet aggregation by 69.5 percent (100 μg/mL), while the organic extract (100 μg/mL) and marrubiin (5 μg/mL) showed 92.5 percent and 91.6 percent inhibition, respectively, by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time compared to untreated plasma controls. Fibrin and D-Dimer formation were drastically decreased. The extracts and marrubiin concentration-dependently inhibited calcium mobilization induced by collagen and thrombin. The formation of thromboxane A2 was also significantly reduced by both the extracts and marrubiin. Protein secretion and platelet adhesion were significantly reduced by both the extracts and marrubiin. The organic extract and marrubiin showed a more pronounced effect than the aqueous extracts in all the in vitro assays. The ex-vivo animal model confirmed the results obtained in vitro. Similar to the in vitro studies, activated partial thromboplastin time clotting time was prolonged by marrubiin and the number of aggregated platelets were significantly reduced relative to aspirin. The findings reflect that marrubiin largely contributes to the organic extract's anticoagulant and antiplatelet effect in vitro. INS-1 cells were cultured under normo- and hyperglycaemic conditions. Marrubiin and the two Leonotis leonurus extracts were screened for anti-diabetic activity in vitro. The stimulatory index of INS-1 cells cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions was significantly increased by 60 percent and 61 percent (p<0.01; n=5) in cells exposed to the organic extract (10 μg/mL) and marrubiin (500 ng/mL), respectively, relative to the normoglycaemic conditions. The gene expression of insulin was significantly increased by 76.5 and 71 percent, and of glucose transporter-2 by 93 and 92.5 percent for marrubiin and the organic extract, respectively, under the same conditions stipulated above (p<0.01; n=4). The extract and marrubiin similarly showed an increase in respiratory rate under hyperglycaemic conditions. Marrubiin increased insulin secretion, HDL-cholesterol, while it decreased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the in vivo rat model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mnonopi, Nandipha
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Materia medica, Vegetable -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Plant bioactive compounds , Leonotis leonurus -- Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10323 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1194 , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Materia medica, Vegetable -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Plant bioactive compounds , Leonotis leonurus -- Physiological aspects
- Description: Commercial marrubiin, aqueous and organic extracts of Leonotis leonurus were tested in vitro for their anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities. The aqueous extract inhibited platelet aggregation by 69.5 percent (100 μg/mL), while the organic extract (100 μg/mL) and marrubiin (5 μg/mL) showed 92.5 percent and 91.6 percent inhibition, respectively, by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time compared to untreated plasma controls. Fibrin and D-Dimer formation were drastically decreased. The extracts and marrubiin concentration-dependently inhibited calcium mobilization induced by collagen and thrombin. The formation of thromboxane A2 was also significantly reduced by both the extracts and marrubiin. Protein secretion and platelet adhesion were significantly reduced by both the extracts and marrubiin. The organic extract and marrubiin showed a more pronounced effect than the aqueous extracts in all the in vitro assays. The ex-vivo animal model confirmed the results obtained in vitro. Similar to the in vitro studies, activated partial thromboplastin time clotting time was prolonged by marrubiin and the number of aggregated platelets were significantly reduced relative to aspirin. The findings reflect that marrubiin largely contributes to the organic extract's anticoagulant and antiplatelet effect in vitro. INS-1 cells were cultured under normo- and hyperglycaemic conditions. Marrubiin and the two Leonotis leonurus extracts were screened for anti-diabetic activity in vitro. The stimulatory index of INS-1 cells cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions was significantly increased by 60 percent and 61 percent (p<0.01; n=5) in cells exposed to the organic extract (10 μg/mL) and marrubiin (500 ng/mL), respectively, relative to the normoglycaemic conditions. The gene expression of insulin was significantly increased by 76.5 and 71 percent, and of glucose transporter-2 by 93 and 92.5 percent for marrubiin and the organic extract, respectively, under the same conditions stipulated above (p<0.01; n=4). The extract and marrubiin similarly showed an increase in respiratory rate under hyperglycaemic conditions. Marrubiin increased insulin secretion, HDL-cholesterol, while it decreased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the in vivo rat model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Liberation Heritage Route: icon site guide
- Rhodes University. Institute of Social and Economic Reseaerch, Mqingwana, G V, Peires, Jeffrey B
- Authors: Rhodes University. Institute of Social and Economic Reseaerch , Mqingwana, G V , Peires, Jeffrey B
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Chris Hani District Municipality -- History Chris Hani District Municipality -- Liberation Heritage Route Political activists -- South Africa -- Heritage sites Thembuland Rebellion Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 20th century Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2401 , vital:20287
- Description: Calata Route: Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality : Calata House -- Cradock Four Grave -- Flame of Hope and Liberation -- Olive Schreiner House -- Skweyiya Church -- Middleburg Three. Inkwanca Local Municipality : Heroes Park -- Nomonge Graves -- Ethiopian Church -- Old Apostolic Church -- Esigingqini -- Higher Mission School -- Stone of Remembrance. Tsolwana Local Municipality : Home Isolation Circle and Old Zola Clinic -- Assassination of Headman Thembilizwe Dywasha -- Majola Mlungwana House -- Godfrey Ngqendesha House; Ndondo Route: Emalahleni Local Municipality : Graves of Qonda Hoho and Luvuyo Lerumo -- Maqhashu Village -- Queen Nonesi -- Wycliffe Tsotsi Law Offices. Sakhisizwe Local Municipality : The Elliot Five -- Batandwa Ndondo Assassination site -- Mnxe Location -- Phumezo Nxiweni -- Traditional Leaders, Stokwe Ndlela and Gecelo. Ngcobo Local Municipality: Ngcobo Traditional Leaders -- Walter Sisulu Birthplace -- ANC Veterans -- Dr A B Xuma Birthplace -- Clarkebury Institution; Sisulu Route: Lukhanji Local Municipality : Ilinge Resettlement -- Sada Resettlement -- Mongezi Feza -- Unathi Mkefa -- Queenstown Station Shootings, 1962 -- Zibeleni Resettlement -- Queenstown Massacre -- James Cooke, Peter Botha & Ashley Wyngaard -- Bulhoek Massacre, 1921. , The struggle for liberation in South Africa goes back a number of centuries from the earliest contact between black and white; and the centuries of struggle mainly against land dispossession. The struggle moved from armed resistance to the use of non-violent means. In the early 1960s, because of white herrenvolkist intransigence, the struggle reverted to armed resistance. The struggle was largely against racism and colonialism - and can therefore be regarded as a struggle for human rights. The icons of the struggle, that is, those individuals and physical and spiritual beacons which marked the route to freedom, identified by the people themselves, compose the Chris Hani District Municipality Liberation Heritage Route (LHR). The identification process involved community participation through the organisation of meetings, under the leadership of Local Municipality Steering Committees and Community Facilitators appointed by the LM specifically to facilitate the LHR project. It was important that each Steering Committee should be chaired by the Mayor. Meetings were representative of all stakeholders, and there was provision for the co-opting of people with special skills. The whole process was informed by the democratic culture of inclusiveness so that no person or organisation could feel left out. Facilitators were guided by political and community endorsement of the Liberation Heritage Icons. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Rhodes University. Institute of Social and Economic Reseaerch , Mqingwana, G V , Peires, Jeffrey B
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Chris Hani District Municipality -- History Chris Hani District Municipality -- Liberation Heritage Route Political activists -- South Africa -- Heritage sites Thembuland Rebellion Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 20th century Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2401 , vital:20287
- Description: Calata Route: Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality : Calata House -- Cradock Four Grave -- Flame of Hope and Liberation -- Olive Schreiner House -- Skweyiya Church -- Middleburg Three. Inkwanca Local Municipality : Heroes Park -- Nomonge Graves -- Ethiopian Church -- Old Apostolic Church -- Esigingqini -- Higher Mission School -- Stone of Remembrance. Tsolwana Local Municipality : Home Isolation Circle and Old Zola Clinic -- Assassination of Headman Thembilizwe Dywasha -- Majola Mlungwana House -- Godfrey Ngqendesha House; Ndondo Route: Emalahleni Local Municipality : Graves of Qonda Hoho and Luvuyo Lerumo -- Maqhashu Village -- Queen Nonesi -- Wycliffe Tsotsi Law Offices. Sakhisizwe Local Municipality : The Elliot Five -- Batandwa Ndondo Assassination site -- Mnxe Location -- Phumezo Nxiweni -- Traditional Leaders, Stokwe Ndlela and Gecelo. Ngcobo Local Municipality: Ngcobo Traditional Leaders -- Walter Sisulu Birthplace -- ANC Veterans -- Dr A B Xuma Birthplace -- Clarkebury Institution; Sisulu Route: Lukhanji Local Municipality : Ilinge Resettlement -- Sada Resettlement -- Mongezi Feza -- Unathi Mkefa -- Queenstown Station Shootings, 1962 -- Zibeleni Resettlement -- Queenstown Massacre -- James Cooke, Peter Botha & Ashley Wyngaard -- Bulhoek Massacre, 1921. , The struggle for liberation in South Africa goes back a number of centuries from the earliest contact between black and white; and the centuries of struggle mainly against land dispossession. The struggle moved from armed resistance to the use of non-violent means. In the early 1960s, because of white herrenvolkist intransigence, the struggle reverted to armed resistance. The struggle was largely against racism and colonialism - and can therefore be regarded as a struggle for human rights. The icons of the struggle, that is, those individuals and physical and spiritual beacons which marked the route to freedom, identified by the people themselves, compose the Chris Hani District Municipality Liberation Heritage Route (LHR). The identification process involved community participation through the organisation of meetings, under the leadership of Local Municipality Steering Committees and Community Facilitators appointed by the LM specifically to facilitate the LHR project. It was important that each Steering Committee should be chaired by the Mayor. Meetings were representative of all stakeholders, and there was provision for the co-opting of people with special skills. The whole process was informed by the democratic culture of inclusiveness so that no person or organisation could feel left out. Facilitators were guided by political and community endorsement of the Liberation Heritage Icons. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Limitations of the land reform in South Africa : an assessment of two farms in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Tesana, Zola Eric
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9082 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1122 , Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The government that was voted in, in 1994 initiated and implemented the Land Reform Programme that had three key elements, namely; Land restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. This study was undertaken to examine the limitations that resulted in some of the projects not to succeed. The study took a form of a case study of two farms that were redistributed in 1997 under the Land Redistribution Programme in the Blue Crane Route Municipal area in the Eastern Cape. The findings confirmed a variety of weaknesses that led to the collapse of these farms. Whilst acknowledging that there are some measures that are put in place to address those limitations the, study shows that there is still scope to do more. It is therefore one’s sincere wish that what transpired out of this study will make a positive contribution by providing some elements that can be used as a remedy in advancing the Land Reform Programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Tesana, Zola Eric
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9082 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1122 , Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The government that was voted in, in 1994 initiated and implemented the Land Reform Programme that had three key elements, namely; Land restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. This study was undertaken to examine the limitations that resulted in some of the projects not to succeed. The study took a form of a case study of two farms that were redistributed in 1997 under the Land Redistribution Programme in the Blue Crane Route Municipal area in the Eastern Cape. The findings confirmed a variety of weaknesses that led to the collapse of these farms. Whilst acknowledging that there are some measures that are put in place to address those limitations the, study shows that there is still scope to do more. It is therefore one’s sincere wish that what transpired out of this study will make a positive contribution by providing some elements that can be used as a remedy in advancing the Land Reform Programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Local economic development: a case study of the Blue Crane Route Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Boose, Refuoe
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural-urban relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Geography)
- Identifier: vital:11509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/248 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural-urban relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Local economic development (LED) in the countries of the North is a voluntary activity of local government, in South Africa it is a mandatory activity. The purpose of LED is to build the capacity of a local area to improve its economic future and the quality of life for all. While local governments in South Africa are currently engaged with the concept of LED which is seen as a tool through which to achieve sustainable development, it is now recognized that there exists economic, social and environmental interdependence between rural and urban areas and a need for a balanced and mutually supportive approach to development of the rural and urban areas. Adopting the Rural-Urban, Economic and Enterprise Development (RUEED) concept, this study highlights the challenges and development problems experienced by the deep rural and urban communities in the implementation of LED activities within the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) due to the lack of social, economic and environmental sustainability and rural-urban linkages. This study located in the Blue Crane Route Municipality in the Eastern Cape, seeks to investigate and recommend a map or strategies linking together the urban communities with the poorer neighbourhoods in LED activities. The intensive research design that incorporates the case study method was used to achieve the objectives of this study. The empirical findings of the research indicate that the concept of rural-urban linkages is not an adopted strategy in implementing development programmes resulting in deep rural communities being excluded in LED activities initiated within the Blue Crane Route Municipality. The findings also reveal that the creation of employment opportunities and improvement in the standard of living are important dimensions of LED and rural-urban linkages. This study therefore recommends the adoption of a new perspective referred to as the rural-urban linkages for LED and the consideration of economic, social and environmental complementaries that exist between rural and urban areas in the Blue Crane Route Municipality. The study further indicates that it is critical that the LED policy and interventions reflect the existing patterns of interactions between the rural and urban areas of the Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Boose, Refuoe
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural-urban relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Geography)
- Identifier: vital:11509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/248 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural-urban relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Local economic development (LED) in the countries of the North is a voluntary activity of local government, in South Africa it is a mandatory activity. The purpose of LED is to build the capacity of a local area to improve its economic future and the quality of life for all. While local governments in South Africa are currently engaged with the concept of LED which is seen as a tool through which to achieve sustainable development, it is now recognized that there exists economic, social and environmental interdependence between rural and urban areas and a need for a balanced and mutually supportive approach to development of the rural and urban areas. Adopting the Rural-Urban, Economic and Enterprise Development (RUEED) concept, this study highlights the challenges and development problems experienced by the deep rural and urban communities in the implementation of LED activities within the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) due to the lack of social, economic and environmental sustainability and rural-urban linkages. This study located in the Blue Crane Route Municipality in the Eastern Cape, seeks to investigate and recommend a map or strategies linking together the urban communities with the poorer neighbourhoods in LED activities. The intensive research design that incorporates the case study method was used to achieve the objectives of this study. The empirical findings of the research indicate that the concept of rural-urban linkages is not an adopted strategy in implementing development programmes resulting in deep rural communities being excluded in LED activities initiated within the Blue Crane Route Municipality. The findings also reveal that the creation of employment opportunities and improvement in the standard of living are important dimensions of LED and rural-urban linkages. This study therefore recommends the adoption of a new perspective referred to as the rural-urban linkages for LED and the consideration of economic, social and environmental complementaries that exist between rural and urban areas in the Blue Crane Route Municipality. The study further indicates that it is critical that the LED policy and interventions reflect the existing patterns of interactions between the rural and urban areas of the Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Localisation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus protein 2C to the golgi apparatus using antibodies generated against a peptide region:
- Jauka, Tembisa, Mutsvunguma, Lorraine Z, Boshoff, Aileen, Edkins, Adrienne L, Knox, Caroline M
- Authors: Jauka, Tembisa , Mutsvunguma, Lorraine Z , Boshoff, Aileen , Edkins, Adrienne L , Knox, Caroline M
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165074 , vital:41206 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.05.009
- Description: The picornavirus 2C protein is highly conserved and indispensible for virus replication. Polyclonal antibodies against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 2C protein were generated by immunisation of rabbits with a peptide comprising amino acids 31–210 of the protein. Antibodies were used to investigate the localisation of 2C in infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Analysis of infected cells revealed that the distribution of 2C changed during infection.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Jauka, Tembisa , Mutsvunguma, Lorraine Z , Boshoff, Aileen , Edkins, Adrienne L , Knox, Caroline M
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165074 , vital:41206 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.05.009
- Description: The picornavirus 2C protein is highly conserved and indispensible for virus replication. Polyclonal antibodies against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 2C protein were generated by immunisation of rabbits with a peptide comprising amino acids 31–210 of the protein. Antibodies were used to investigate the localisation of 2C in infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Analysis of infected cells revealed that the distribution of 2C changed during infection.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Locating my media DNA
- Authors: Chiwota,Elijah
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454775 , vital:75375 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139351
- Description: Imagine after working for seven years as a magazine writer and editor, Rhodes University offers you a place to study for an MA and your first assignment is a critique of a Stuart Hall article.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Chiwota,Elijah
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454775 , vital:75375 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139351
- Description: Imagine after working for seven years as a magazine writer and editor, Rhodes University offers you a place to study for an MA and your first assignment is a critique of a Stuart Hall article.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Macrobenthic community structure across an inter- and subtidal gradient in a mangrove estuary
- Authors: Groenewald, Christoff J
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Mangrove ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Benthos -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1240 , Mangrove ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Benthos -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary
- Description: Macrozoobenthic community structure and composition was investigated along a subtidal-intertidal gradient in the Mngazana Estuary. Six transects were sampled between the spring high water mark (HWST) and the bottom of the river channel in the lower estuary. Fifteen replicate samples were collected along each transect using a Van Veen type grab (211 cm2 bite) during each of three sampling sessions. Samples were sieved through a 500 μm mesh bag and the invertebrates stored in bottles for further analysis in the laboratory. Additional grab samples were collected for sediment particle size analysis and organic matter. Physical variables measured at each transect included: salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, depth, pH, percentage mud, organic content and turbidity. Sediment compactness was measured at all intertidal transects and additional sediment samples were collected at mid shore and high shore transects for percentage water content analysis. A total of 104 species were recorded along the intertidal-subtidal gradient in the sampling area. Species richness was higher in the subtidal zone compared to the intertidal zone and polychaetes numerically dominated the macrozoobenthic community at most transects, during all three sessions. At high shore transects the community was characterised by having fewer species, consisting mostly of brachyurans, polychaetes and gastropods. Shannon diversity index (H’) was generally higher for subtidal transects (x¯ = 2.3; range: 2.8 to 1) than for intertidal transects (x¯ = 1.4; range: 2.2 to 0.6) indicating that the distribution of individuals among species in the intertidal zone experienced greater variability. Results for Hill’s numbers followed the same trend as Shannon diversity with subtidal communities mostly consisting of abundant species followed by very abundant species. Intertidal communities generally exhibited lower numbers of abundant and very abundant species. Sedimentary characteristics played a major role in structuring benthic communities in comparison to other physico-chemical variables. Organic content and mud content of the substrate were identified as important factors influencing community patterns observed along the subtidal-intertidal gradient. In addition, sediment compactness and water content of the substrate was found to influence intertidal community structure. Subtidal community structure possibly had a greater dependence on seasonal variations in abiotic and/or biotic factors. Cluster dendrograms used in conjunction with MDS ordination mapping revealed that macrozoobenthic communities were generally distinct between high shore intertidal transects iii and subtidal transects. Most species exhibited a broad spatial distribution along the subtidal-intertidal gradient with mid and high shore transects being the exception. Most species also exhibited marked shifts in abundance and this was especially noticeable at the transition between the subtidal and intertidal zone. Two polychaete species, Prionospio sexoculata and Capitella capitata, were very abundant species and featured amongst the most numerically dominant species collected during each sampling session.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Groenewald, Christoff J
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Mangrove ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Benthos -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1240 , Mangrove ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary , Benthos -- South Africa -- Mngazana Estuary
- Description: Macrozoobenthic community structure and composition was investigated along a subtidal-intertidal gradient in the Mngazana Estuary. Six transects were sampled between the spring high water mark (HWST) and the bottom of the river channel in the lower estuary. Fifteen replicate samples were collected along each transect using a Van Veen type grab (211 cm2 bite) during each of three sampling sessions. Samples were sieved through a 500 μm mesh bag and the invertebrates stored in bottles for further analysis in the laboratory. Additional grab samples were collected for sediment particle size analysis and organic matter. Physical variables measured at each transect included: salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, depth, pH, percentage mud, organic content and turbidity. Sediment compactness was measured at all intertidal transects and additional sediment samples were collected at mid shore and high shore transects for percentage water content analysis. A total of 104 species were recorded along the intertidal-subtidal gradient in the sampling area. Species richness was higher in the subtidal zone compared to the intertidal zone and polychaetes numerically dominated the macrozoobenthic community at most transects, during all three sessions. At high shore transects the community was characterised by having fewer species, consisting mostly of brachyurans, polychaetes and gastropods. Shannon diversity index (H’) was generally higher for subtidal transects (x¯ = 2.3; range: 2.8 to 1) than for intertidal transects (x¯ = 1.4; range: 2.2 to 0.6) indicating that the distribution of individuals among species in the intertidal zone experienced greater variability. Results for Hill’s numbers followed the same trend as Shannon diversity with subtidal communities mostly consisting of abundant species followed by very abundant species. Intertidal communities generally exhibited lower numbers of abundant and very abundant species. Sedimentary characteristics played a major role in structuring benthic communities in comparison to other physico-chemical variables. Organic content and mud content of the substrate were identified as important factors influencing community patterns observed along the subtidal-intertidal gradient. In addition, sediment compactness and water content of the substrate was found to influence intertidal community structure. Subtidal community structure possibly had a greater dependence on seasonal variations in abiotic and/or biotic factors. Cluster dendrograms used in conjunction with MDS ordination mapping revealed that macrozoobenthic communities were generally distinct between high shore intertidal transects iii and subtidal transects. Most species exhibited a broad spatial distribution along the subtidal-intertidal gradient with mid and high shore transects being the exception. Most species also exhibited marked shifts in abundance and this was especially noticeable at the transition between the subtidal and intertidal zone. Two polychaete species, Prionospio sexoculata and Capitella capitata, were very abundant species and featured amongst the most numerically dominant species collected during each sampling session.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Macrophyte phenology in a temporarily open/closed Estuary compared with a permanently open Estuary
- Authors: Vromans, Deborah Claire
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary , Aquatic plants -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1393 , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary , Aquatic plants -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary
- Description: Temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) are unpredictable environments that change in response to mouth condition, which is influenced by freshwater flooding or sea storm surges. The aim of the study was to determine whether macrophyte phenology in a TOCE was event driven rather than cyclically predictable and if it differed from permanently open estuaries (POEs). Macrophyte growth and flowering phenology in response to environmental conditions was investigated in the East Kleinemonde Estuary (TOCE) and the Kowie Estuary (POE) along the eastern coastline of South Africa. The lack of freshwater flooding due to low rainfall coupled with several overwash events resulted in a prolonged period of mouth closure from September 2008 to the end of this study period in 2010. This in turn caused the inundation of the supratidal and intertidal habitats, high water level (> 1.57 m amsl) and high salinity (30 - 42 ppt) in the TOCE. Principle Components Analysis showed that high water level and reduced sediments were the most significant environmental factors affecting macrophyte phenology. Macrophyte phenology in the POE was primarily driven by temperature, sediment redox potential and salinity. The saline high water level and reduced sediment significantly reduced macrophyte cover in all habitats in the TOCE. Macrophytes in the POE maintained high cover abundance due to seasonal re-growth compared to the TOCE where cover declined over the sampling period due to the high water level. Subsequent to water level dropping by as little as 11 - 20 cm in the TOCE, the intertidal species Sarcocornia tegetaria and Salicornia meyeriana completed their life-cycles and produced viable seeds within four and three months of germinating respectively. In contrast, the Sarcocornia hybrid and S. meyeriana in the POE took longer to complete their life-cycles, namely seven and nine months respectively, while S. tegataria did not germinate in situ but reproduced vegetatively despite producing seed. In the TOCE, the submerged species Ruppia cirrhosa and Chara vulgaris completed their life-cycles within five and three months and produced a maximum of 26 242 and 196 998 seeds m-2 respectively. Due to high water level and prolonged inundation, the reproductive periods were shorter for the intertidal and reed and sedge species in the TOCE compared to the POE. Seed output during the two reproduction periods varied between the two estuaries. Sarcocornia decumbens and S. tegetaria produced a substantially higher number of seeds in the TOCE compared to the POE, namely 0 - 102 847 versus 20 661 - 48 576 seeds m-²; and 7 001 - 45 542 versus 1 587 – 16 958 seeds m-² respectively. Seed output in the TOCE was significantly higher in S. tegetaria during the second reproduction period despite the significantly lower plant cover, which may be a function of the stressful environment in the TOCE. Seed production of S. meyeriana was significantly higher in the POE compared to the TOCE, with 264 224 - 640 292 compared with 24 050 - 27 643 seeds m-², due to higher plant cover in the POE. The research suggests that macrophyte phenology in the TOCE was significantly influenced by mouth condition. Further, macrophytes were able to demonstrate considerable phenotypic plasticity in response to changing and unfavourable environmental conditions. These data can be used in mouth management plans and freshwater requirement studies in TOCEs to ensure that macrophytes can complete their life-cycles and produce viable seeds for the safeguarding of habitat persistence and ecological processes. In impacted estuaries where artificial mouth opening is practised and the macrophytes have been severely degraded or extirpated, management should ensure that the intertidal and supratidal habitats are not inundated during peak flowering and seed production periods i.e. late spring to early autumn (November to March).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Vromans, Deborah Claire
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary , Aquatic plants -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1393 , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary , Aquatic plants -- South Africa -- East Kleinemonde Estuary
- Description: Temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) are unpredictable environments that change in response to mouth condition, which is influenced by freshwater flooding or sea storm surges. The aim of the study was to determine whether macrophyte phenology in a TOCE was event driven rather than cyclically predictable and if it differed from permanently open estuaries (POEs). Macrophyte growth and flowering phenology in response to environmental conditions was investigated in the East Kleinemonde Estuary (TOCE) and the Kowie Estuary (POE) along the eastern coastline of South Africa. The lack of freshwater flooding due to low rainfall coupled with several overwash events resulted in a prolonged period of mouth closure from September 2008 to the end of this study period in 2010. This in turn caused the inundation of the supratidal and intertidal habitats, high water level (> 1.57 m amsl) and high salinity (30 - 42 ppt) in the TOCE. Principle Components Analysis showed that high water level and reduced sediments were the most significant environmental factors affecting macrophyte phenology. Macrophyte phenology in the POE was primarily driven by temperature, sediment redox potential and salinity. The saline high water level and reduced sediment significantly reduced macrophyte cover in all habitats in the TOCE. Macrophytes in the POE maintained high cover abundance due to seasonal re-growth compared to the TOCE where cover declined over the sampling period due to the high water level. Subsequent to water level dropping by as little as 11 - 20 cm in the TOCE, the intertidal species Sarcocornia tegetaria and Salicornia meyeriana completed their life-cycles and produced viable seeds within four and three months of germinating respectively. In contrast, the Sarcocornia hybrid and S. meyeriana in the POE took longer to complete their life-cycles, namely seven and nine months respectively, while S. tegataria did not germinate in situ but reproduced vegetatively despite producing seed. In the TOCE, the submerged species Ruppia cirrhosa and Chara vulgaris completed their life-cycles within five and three months and produced a maximum of 26 242 and 196 998 seeds m-2 respectively. Due to high water level and prolonged inundation, the reproductive periods were shorter for the intertidal and reed and sedge species in the TOCE compared to the POE. Seed output during the two reproduction periods varied between the two estuaries. Sarcocornia decumbens and S. tegetaria produced a substantially higher number of seeds in the TOCE compared to the POE, namely 0 - 102 847 versus 20 661 - 48 576 seeds m-²; and 7 001 - 45 542 versus 1 587 – 16 958 seeds m-² respectively. Seed output in the TOCE was significantly higher in S. tegetaria during the second reproduction period despite the significantly lower plant cover, which may be a function of the stressful environment in the TOCE. Seed production of S. meyeriana was significantly higher in the POE compared to the TOCE, with 264 224 - 640 292 compared with 24 050 - 27 643 seeds m-², due to higher plant cover in the POE. The research suggests that macrophyte phenology in the TOCE was significantly influenced by mouth condition. Further, macrophytes were able to demonstrate considerable phenotypic plasticity in response to changing and unfavourable environmental conditions. These data can be used in mouth management plans and freshwater requirement studies in TOCEs to ensure that macrophytes can complete their life-cycles and produce viable seeds for the safeguarding of habitat persistence and ecological processes. In impacted estuaries where artificial mouth opening is practised and the macrophytes have been severely degraded or extirpated, management should ensure that the intertidal and supratidal habitats are not inundated during peak flowering and seed production periods i.e. late spring to early autumn (November to March).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Male aggression and mating opportunity in a poeciliid fish
- Magellan, Kit, Kaiser, Horst
- Authors: Magellan, Kit , Kaiser, Horst
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447556 , vital:74656 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2010.11657250
- Description: One function of aggression in animals is to gain access to mates. Aggression may therefore be favoured by sexual selection, the strength of which can be assessed using repeatability of aggressive behaviour. Here, we tested the hypotheses that male swordtails, Xiphophorus sp., are consistent in the aggressive and mating behaviours exhibited and in the time spent at a close distance to females (female attendance), and that aggressive males gain increased opportunity to attempt copulation compared to their less aggressive conspecifics (sneak frequency). As predicted, aggression between males, and male display and sneak frequency were repeatable. However, male aggression was not significantly correlated with sneak frequency. The function of aggression in this species is not clear-cut and may have an indirect female access function through formation of dominance hierarchies or defence of resources. A surprising finding highlighted by this study was the contradictory results for consistency in female contact, with high repeatability scores indicating consistency in behaviour but the within-subjects component of repeated measures ANOVA showing differences in female contact between trials. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Magellan, Kit , Kaiser, Horst
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447556 , vital:74656 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2010.11657250
- Description: One function of aggression in animals is to gain access to mates. Aggression may therefore be favoured by sexual selection, the strength of which can be assessed using repeatability of aggressive behaviour. Here, we tested the hypotheses that male swordtails, Xiphophorus sp., are consistent in the aggressive and mating behaviours exhibited and in the time spent at a close distance to females (female attendance), and that aggressive males gain increased opportunity to attempt copulation compared to their less aggressive conspecifics (sneak frequency). As predicted, aggression between males, and male display and sneak frequency were repeatable. However, male aggression was not significantly correlated with sneak frequency. The function of aggression in this species is not clear-cut and may have an indirect female access function through formation of dominance hierarchies or defence of resources. A surprising finding highlighted by this study was the contradictory results for consistency in female contact, with high repeatability scores indicating consistency in behaviour but the within-subjects component of repeated measures ANOVA showing differences in female contact between trials. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010