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BTC price volatility: fundamentals versus information

- Gbadebo, Adedeji Daniel, Adekunle, Ahmed Oluwatobi, Adebayo-Oke Abdulrauf Lukman, Adedokun, Wole, Akande, Joseph

  • Authors: Gbadebo, Adedeji Daniel , Adekunle, Ahmed Oluwatobi , Adebayo-Oke Abdulrauf Lukman , Adedokun, Wole , Akande, Joseph
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Bitcoin price volatility , Bitcoin market fundamentals , Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
  • Language: English
  • Type: article , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6978 , vital:52630 , https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1984624
  • Description: This paper offers a plausible response to “what explains the sporadic volatility in the price of Bitcoin?” We hypothesized that market “fundamentals” and “information demands” are key drivers of Bitcoin’s unpredictable price fluctuation. We adopt the transfer-function [Autoregressive Distributed Lag, ARDL] model and its Bounds testing approach to verify how the volatility of the price of Bitcoin responds to its transaction volume, cryptocurrency market capitalisation, world market equity index and Google search. We found the existence of long-run cointegration relation and observed that all the variables except the equity index positively explain the volatility of Bitcoin price. The result established evidence that market fundamentals drive erratic swing in Bitcoin price than information.
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Comprehensive data on the mechanical properties and biodegradation profile of polylactide composites developed for hard tissue repairs

- Aworinde, Abraham K, Adeosun, Samson O, Oyawale, Festus A, Emagbetere, Eyere, Ishola, Felix A, Olatunji, Obafemi, Akinlab, Stephen, Oyedepo, Sunday O, Ajayi, Oluseyi O, Akinlabi, Esther T

  • Authors: Aworinde, Abraham K , Adeosun, Samson O , Oyawale, Festus A , Emagbetere, Eyere , Ishola, Felix A , Olatunji, Obafemi , Akinlab, Stephen , Oyedepo, Sunday O , Ajayi, Oluseyi O , Akinlabi, Esther T
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Regeneration (Biology) , Vickers microhardness , Melt-blending technique
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3149 , vital:43158 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106107
  • Description: Africa, the ancestral home of all modern humans, is the most informative continent for understanding the human genome and its contribution to complex disease. To better understand the genetics of schizophrenia, we studied the illness in the Xhosa population of South Africa, recruiting 909 cases and 917 age-, gender-, and residence-matched controls. Individuals with schizophrenia were significantly more likely than controls to harbor private, severely damaging mutations in genes that are critical to synaptic function, including neural circuitry mediated by the neurotransmitters glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. Schizophrenia is genetically highly heterogeneous, involving severe ultrarare mutations in genes that are critical to synaptic plasticity. The depth of genetic variation in Africa revealed this relationship with a moderate sample size and informed our understanding of the genetics of schizophrenia worldwide.
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Cross-sectional study of prevalence and determinants of uncontrolled hypertension among South African adult residents of Mkhondo municipality

- Masilela, Charity, Pearce, Brendon, Ongole, Joven Jebio, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Benjeddou, Mongi

  • Authors: Masilela, Charity , Pearce, Brendon , Ongole, Joven Jebio , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Benjeddou, Mongi
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Blood pressure control , Dyslipidaemia , Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Language: English
  • Type: article , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4481 , vital:44124 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09174-7
  • Description: Achieving the blood pressure treatment target in individuals with hypertension is a serious global health challenge. Furthermore, the actual burden of uncontrolled hypertension is poorly understood, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, this study comprehensively examined the prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in individuals receiving care at the primary healthcare facilities in the rural areas of Mkhondo Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 329 individuals attending care for hypertension were recruited from January 2019 to June 2019 at three primary healthcare centres, namely, Piet Retief hospital, Mkhondo town clinic and Thandukukhanya community health centre. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg in accordance with the South African Hypertension Society guideline (2014). Multiple logistic regression (Forward LR method) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of uncontrolled hypertension. Results: The majority of the participants were 55 years old and above (69.0%), Zulus (81.2%), non-smokers (84.19%) and had been diagnosed with hypertension for more than a year prior to the study (72.64%). The overall prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 56.83% (n = 187) with no significant difference between sexes, 57.38% male versus 56.88% female, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression model analysis after adjusting for confounding variables, obesity (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.66–5.05), physical activity (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI 2.15–10.65) and HDL-C (AOR = 5.66; 95% CI 3.33–9.60) were the significant and independent determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in the cohort. Conclusion: The high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in the study setting can be largely attributed to obesity, physical activity and dyslipidaemia. Treatment will require the collaborative efforts of individuals, clinicians and health authorities. All these determinants should be addressed decisively so as to achieve the treatment blood pressure targets in the study population.
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Data on microhardness and structural analysis of friction stir spot welded lap joints of AA5083-H116

- Esther T. Akinlabi, Ayuba S. Osinubi b, Nkosinathi Madushele b, Stephen A. Akinlabi c, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi d,∗

  • Authors: Esther T. Akinlabi , Ayuba S. Osinubi b , Nkosinathi Madushele b , Stephen A. Akinlabi c , Omolayo M. Ikumapayi d,∗
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3260 , vital:43286 , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920314669
  • Description: Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was established to compete reasonably with the reverting, bolting, adhesive bonding as well as resistance spot welding (RSW) which have been used in the past for lap joining in automobile, aerospace, marine, railways, defence and shipbuilding industries. The use of these ancient and conventional joining techniques had led to increasing material cost, installation labour, and additional weight in the aircraft, shipbuilding, and other areas of applications. All these are disadvantages that can be overcome using FSSW. This research work carried out friction stir spot welding on 5058-H116 aluminium alloy by employing rotational speed in the step of 300 rpm ranges from 600 rpm to 1200 rpm with a no travel speed. It was noted that the dwell times were in the step of 5 s varying from 5 s to 15 s while the tool plunge rate was maintained at 30 mm/min. In this dataset, a cylindrical tapered rotating H13 Hot-working steel tool was used with a probe length of 5 mm and probe diameter of 6 mm, it has a shoulder diameter of 18 mm. The tool penetration depth (plunge) was maintained at 0.2 mm and the tool tilt angle at 2°. Structural integrity was car-ried out using Rigaku ultima IV multifunctional X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with a scan voltage of 40 kV and scan current of 30 mA. This was used to determine crystallite sizes, peak intensity, d-spacing, full width at half maximum intensity (FWHM) of the diffraction peak. TH713 digital microhardness equipment with diamond indenter was used for microhardness data acquisition following ASTM E92–82 standard test. The average Vickers hardness data values at different zones of the spot-welds were captured and presented.
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Dataset and ANN model prediction of performance of graphene nanolubricant with R600a in domestic refrigerator system

- Taiwo, Babarinde, Stephen, Akinlabi, Daniel Makundwaneyi, Madyira, Ekundayo, Funmilayo M, Paul Adeola, Adedeji

  • Authors: Taiwo, Babarinde , Stephen, Akinlabi , Daniel Makundwaneyi, Madyira , Ekundayo, Funmilayo M , Paul Adeola, Adedeji
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3139 , vital:43150 , (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920309926)
  • Description: This work evaluated the steady state performance of R600a in the base lubricant and graphene nanolubricant. The measuring instruments required and their uncertainties were provided, step by step method and procedures for preparation of graphene nanolubricant concentration and substituting it with the base lubricant in domestic refrigerator system are described. The system temperatures data was captured at the inlet and outlet of the system components. Also, the pressures data was recorded at the compressor inlet and outlet. The data was recorded for 3 h at 30 min interval at an ambient temperature of 27 °C. The experimental dataset, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training and testing dataset are provided. The artificial intelligence approach of ANN model to predict the performance of graphene nanolubricant in domestic refrigerator is explained. Also, the ANN model prediction statistical performance metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (R2) are also provided. The data is useful to researchers in the field of refrigeration and energy efficiency materials, for replacing nanolubricant with the base lubricant in refrigerator systems. The data can be reuse for simulation and modelling vapour compression energy system.
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Dataset of experimental and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model prediction of R600a/MWCNT nanolubricant in a vapour compression system

- Babarinde, T O, Akinlabi, S A, Madyira, D M, Ekundayo, F M, Adedeji, P A

  • Authors: Babarinde, T O , Akinlabi, S A , Madyira, D M , Ekundayo, F M , Adedeji, P A
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3248 , vital:43283 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106316
  • Description: This research paper assessed the performance of R600a with the base lubricant and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) nanolubricant at steady state. It describes the instruments required for measurement of the data parameter and its uncertainties, steps involved in preparing and replacing the MWCNT nanolubricant concentration with base lubricant in vapour compression refrigeration. The system’s temperature data was collected at the components inlets and outlets. Pressure data was also registered at the compressor outlet and inlet. The data was captured at 27 °C ambient temperature at an interval of 30 min for 300 min. The experiment includes the experimental data collection, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) training and testing dataset. The use of ANFIS model is explained in predicting the efficiency of MWCNT nanolubricant in a vapour compression refrigerator system. The ANFIS model also provides statistical output measures such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and determination coefficient (R2). The data is useful and important for replacing MWCNT nanolubricant with base lubricant in a vapour compression refrigeration system for researchers in the specialisation of energy-efficient materials in refrigeration. The data present can be reused for vapour compression refrigeration systems simulation and modelling.
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Essential medicine selection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enabling access in uncharted territory

- A G Parrish

  • Authors: A G Parrish
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3364 , vital:43319 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/13086
  • Description: The COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent decisions regarding treatment policy in the face of rapidly evolving evidence. In response, the South African Essential Medicines List Committee established a subcommittee to systematically review and appraise emerging evidence, within very short timelines, in order to inform the National Department of Health COVID-19 treatment guidelines. To date, the subcommittee has reviewed 14 potential treatments, and made recommendations based on local context, feasibility, resource requirements and equity. Here we describe the rapid review and evidence-to-decision process, using remdesivir and dexamethasone as examples. Our experience is that conducting rapid reviews is a practical and efficient way to address medicine policy questions under pandemic conditions.
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Events as catalyst to atact tourists to destinations: Spectator perceptions of the social impact of events in East London: A study of Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa 70.3 in Buffalo City

- Mxunyelwa, Siayabonga

  • Authors: Mxunyelwa, Siayabonga
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference Proceeding
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10868 , vital:75300
  • Description: In recent years, globally events have shown rapid growth as types of attractions within destinations with such events creating a favourable image of a destination, expanding the traditional tourist season, spreading tourist demand evenly through an area and attracting foreign and domestic visitors. As far as South Africa is concerned attracting influx of tourists is the problem in the event sport tourism industry The objective of this study is to address this gap and to evaluate the social impact perceptions of event tourism spectators. The research design for the proposed study primarily involved exploratory and descriptive research. The target-sampling frame was the event tourism spectators at the Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa 70.3 Triathlon event held in East London. The findings suggest that the opportunity to meet new people, attend a major event and enhancing event tourism destination were deemed positive social impacts. Conversely, the study suggested that littering and social inequalities (exclusionary) are negative social impacts. The results in this study have produced a foundation that events management practitioners, event tourism planners, policy makers, decision makers, researchers and academics can utilise in planning for future events that are socially sustainable in a developing economy context such as South Africa.
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Events tourism as a conduit to promote underdeveloped tourist destinations, with specific reference to the Mooiplaas Homecoming Music Event in East London, South Africa

- Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga, Kilani, Khuselwa Busisiwe

  • Authors: Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga , Kilani, Khuselwa Busisiwe
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1958 , vital:39809 , https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_9_vol_9_2__2020_wsu.pdf
  • Description: Events tourism has demonstrated growth over the years, and has been used as a tool to boost local economies. Hosting such events creates benefits, these include the boost in the local economy, improvement of infrastructure on destinations and job creation. The purpose of this paper was to investigate how events tourism could be utilised as a conduit to promote underdeveloped tourist destinations in Mooiplaas. Secondary data sources were consulted to understand the role of events tourism in the local community of Mooiplaas. This paper utilised a survey questionnaire to collect data. The simple random sampling method was utilised to select the respondents. The findings indicate that 70% of the respondents agreed that they are consulted about the events that promote their community. Furthermore, the findings elucidates that 82% of the respondents concur that events can potentially create entrepreneurial opportunities. These findings contribute significantly in developing the local economic strategies of the municipalities in underdeveloped regions. As such it is recommended that events are planned in a coherent, systematic manner in order to achieve local economic development objectives. Furthermore, the paper provided a foundation on how to plan, organise, lead and control events that can potentially unearth tourism demand particularly in developing tourist destinations. Moreover, it is hoped that the paper will serve as the basis to plan future events in the context of regions such as Mooiplaas that are still engulfed with developmental challenges, these contribute to triple threat of unemployed, poverty and inequality.
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Genetics of schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa

- Gulsuner, S, Stein, D J, Susser, E S, Sibeko, G, Pretorius, A, Walsh, T, Majara, L, Mndini, M M, Mqulwana, S G, Ntola, O A, Casadei, S, Zingela, Zukiswa, Nagdee, M, Ramesar, R S, King, M-C, McClellan, J M, Ngqengelele, L L, Korchina, V, van der Merwe, C, Malan, M, Fader, K M, Feng, M, Willoughby, E, Munzi, D, Andrews, H F, Gur, R C, Gibbs, R A

Intersection of race, gender and class in the interventional life-writings of four selected South African authors

- Ndlovu, Siphatisiwe Patricia

  • Authors: Ndlovu, Siphatisiwe Patricia
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Post-apartheid era -- South Africa , Interventional writing , Fred Khumalo , Malaika wa Azania , Khaya Dlanga , Tumi Morake
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3414 , vital:43345
  • Description: The interventional life writings of second generation life writers (young, black, middleclass South Africans) in post-apartheid South Africa have not attracted much academic debate in spite of the burgeoning of such writings recently. The intersection of race, class and gender in post-apartheid South Africa remains a problem and a rich site of research, hence this research’s reading of four selected life writings by young, black, middle-class South Africans living in post-apartheid South Africa: Fred Khumalo’s Touch My Blood: The Early Years (2006), Malaika Wa Azania’s Memoires of a Born Free: Reflections on the Rainbow Nation (2014), Khaya Dlanga’s To Quote Myself (2015) and Tumi Morake’s And Then Mama Said… Words That Set My Life Alight (2018). Using the intersectional approach, the study explores the lives narrated by second generation South Africans, in a manner similar to the grand narratives because of their historical and social context. The study focalises life/self-writers who have experienced post-apartheid trauma of being racialized, gendered and classed in a democratic country. This is a shift from the staple analysis of lives of political struggle against apartheid, narrated by historical legends such as Nelson Mandela. The study then, by focusing on ‘small voices’ closes a critical gap created by over-attention paid to grand narratives in South African life writing. Self-narrations by young, black, middle-class South Africans emerge not only as a way of narrating history but also as a means of making history. Through the deployment of the intersectional approach (the interconnectedness of inequalities) to analyse the systems of oppression associated with democratic South Africa, the four selected interventional life writers reveal how their experiences and identities are an outcome of constantly renegotiating power relations. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2020
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Patient acceptance of HIV testing services in rural emergency departments in South Africa

- Aditi Rao, Caitlin Kennedy, Pamela Mda, Thomas C. Quinn, David Stead, Bhakti Hansoti

  • Authors: Aditi Rao , Caitlin Kennedy , Pamela Mda , Thomas C. Quinn , David Stead , Bhakti Hansoti
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3270 , vital:43287 , https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1105
  • Description: Background: South Africa faces the highest burden of HIV infection globally. The National Strategic Plan on HIV recommends provider-initiated HIV counselling and testing (HCT) in all healthcare facilities. However, HIV continues to overwhelm the healthcare system. Emergency department (ED)-based HCT could address unmet testing needs. Objectives: This study examines the reasons for accepting or declining HCT in South African EDs to inform the development of HCT implementation strategies. Method: We conducted a prospective observational study in two rural EDs, from June to September 2017. Patients presenting to the ED were systematically approached and offered a point-of-care test in accordance with national guidelines. Patients demographics, presenting compaint, medical history and reasons for accepting/declining testing, were recorded. A pooled analysis is presented. Results: Across sites, 2074 adult, non-critical patients in the ED were approached; 1880 were enrolled in the study. Of those enrolled, 19.7% had a previously known positive diagnosis, and 80.3% were unaware of their HIV status. Of those unaware, 90% patients accepted and 10% declined testing. The primary reasons for declining testing were ‘does not want to know status’ (37.6%), ‘in too much pain’ (34%) and ‘does not believe they are at risk’ (19.9%). Conclusions: Despite national guidelines, a high proportion of individuals remain undiagnosed, of which a majority are young men. Our study demonstrated high patient acceptance of ED-based HCT. There is a need for investment and innovation regarding effective pain management and confidential service delivery to address patient barriers. Findings support a routine, non-targeted HCT strategy in EDs. Keywords: HIV counselling and testing; South Africa; emergency department; patient acceptance; implementation research; linkage to care.
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Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in adults: 2020 update

- David Stead

  • Authors: David Stead
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3281 , vital:43293 , https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1115
  • Description: What is new in the 2020 guidelines update? Key updates ÿ A recommendation for dolutegravir (DTG)-based therapies as the preferred first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) option (section 11). ÿ Updated guidelines for second- and third-line ART regimens (section 13). ÿ New recommendations on the management of patients on DTG-based therapies who have an elevated viral load (section 12). ÿ A lowering of the threshold for virological failure from 1000 copies/mL to 50 copies/mL (section 8). ÿ A recommendation against routine cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) monitoring in patients who are clinically well once the CD4+ count is > 200 cells/μL (section 9). ÿ Updated recommendations for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients (section 27). ÿ A recommendation for the use of low-dose prednisone as prophylaxis for paradoxical tuberculosis (TB) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in TB/HIV co-infected patients commencing ART within 1 month of TB therapy (section 26).
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The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African district: A case-control study

- Bam, Nokwanda E, Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A, Ntsaba, Jafta, Apalata, Teke, Monatshila, Sibusisu C, Chitha, Wesile

  • Authors: Bam, Nokwanda E , Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A , Ntsaba, Jafta , Apalata, Teke , Monatshila, Sibusisu C , Chitha, Wesile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Type 2 diabetes , AIDS (Disease) , Rural health
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4008 , vital:43983 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244067
  • Description: Combination antiretroviral drugs(cARVs)prolong patients’ lives but are unfortunately thought to increase complications related to metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM).We sought to confirm the association of cARVs with type-2DM and ascertain the extent of this association in a rural South African setting. A case-control study of 177 (33.33%) cases with HIV/AIDS and type-2 DM were selected and compared with 354 (66.67%) non-DM HIV/AIDS unmatched controls from a rural district of South Africa’s third most populous province (Eastern Cape). Cases were identified from community health centres using the district health information system, and controls were identified using simple random sampling from the same health facilities. Odds Ratios (OR), together with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for all the univariable and multivariable logistic analyses. This study found that cARVs significantly increased the occurrence of type-2 DM among HIV patients. Patients on protease inhibitors (PIs) were at least 21 times significantly more likely to be diabetic than those on the fixed dose combination (FDC); those on stavudine (D4T) and zidovudine (AZT) were 2.45 times and 9.44 times respectively more likely to be diabetic than those on FDC. The odds of diabetes increased by more than three-folds for those who had been on antiretroviral drugs for more than 6 years.
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The impact of HIV knowledge and attitudes on HIV testing acceptance among patients in an emergency department in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

- Ryan, Sofia, Hahn, Elizabeth, Rao, Aditi, Mwinnyaa, George, Black, John, Nyanisa, Yandisa, Quinn, Thomas C, Hansoti, Bhakti, Maharaj, Roshen, Mvandaba, Nomzamo

  • Authors: Ryan, Sofia , Hahn, Elizabeth , Rao, Aditi , Mwinnyaa, George , Black, John , Nyanisa, Yandisa , Quinn, Thomas C , Hansoti, Bhakti , Maharaj, Roshen , Mvandaba, Nomzamo
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: HIV testing , Emergency departments
  • Language: English
  • Type: article , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4473 , vital:44123 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09170-x
  • Description: Transmission of HIV in South Africa continues to be high due to a large proportion of individuals living with undiagnosed HIV. Uptake of HIV testing is influenced by a multitude of factors including the patient’s knowledge and beliefs about HIV. Methods: This study sought to quantify the impact of knowledge and attitudes on HIV testing acceptance in an emergency department by co-administering a validated HIV knowledge and attitudes survey to patients who were subsequently offered HIV testing. During the study period 223 patients were interviewed and offered HIV testing. Individuals reporting more negative overall attitudes (p = 0.006), higher levels of stigma to HIV testing, and individuals who believed their test was confidential were more likely to accept an HIV test. Interventions focused on improving patient perceptions around testing confidentiality will likely have the greatest impact on testing acceptance in the emergency department.
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