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The recognition of unenumerated rights in South Africa

  • Authors: Krüger, Rósaan , Govindjee, Avinash‏
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71093 , vital:29783 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC153177
  • Description: In 1997 a South African man married a woman who, at the time of the conclusion of their marriage, was a national of a foreign country. The couple decided to set up home and start a family in South Africa. They were advised that the granting of a permanent residence permit to the wife would only be considered upon payment of a hefty application fee, and that she had to apply for the permit from outside South Africa. The couple was of the view that the high cost of the application coupled with their temporary separation at the time of the lodging of the application amounted to an unjustifiable limitation of their right to family life. One of the obstacles faced by the couple was the silence of the South Africa Constitution on the right to family life.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

'Amanuensis' and 'Steatopygia': the complexity of 'Telling the Tale 'in Zoë Wicomb's David's Story

  • Authors: Dass, Minesh
  • Date: 2011
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142599 , vital:38094 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eia.v38i2.3
  • Description: Two words, 'amanuensis' and 'steatopygia,' each burdened with its own history, appear in Zoë Wicomb's David's Story with a frequency that commands further consideration. This study shows that these two words are in fact narratives which reveal the tension, inherent in all historical narratives, between that which is denotative or factual and that which is connotative or fictional. Similarly, the words also form the shifting horizon from which we may see history as a narrative of the past that is always also a narrative of the present. The link between these words will ultimately show the complex, compromised role of the narrator and, perhaps, of all historians.
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  • Date Issued: 2011

Has deregulation of non-timber forest product controls and marketing in Orissa state (India) affected local patterns of use and marketing

  • Authors: Mahapatra, A K , Shackleton, Charlie M
  • Date: 2011
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6643 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006872
  • Description: State control of marketing agricultural or forestry products may lead to a trade monopoly and restricted competition, resulting in inequitable returns to producers. Consequently, market deregulation for agriculture and other natural products has been advocated to improve market efficiencies, participation and returns for the producers and local traders. The study examines the impact of deregulation of state marketing controls on collection, sale and returns to extractors and traders from non-timber forest products. It assessed whether deregulation policy resulted in greater benefits to primary extractors and a win–win situation for both producers and traders? Mixed effects were found, with no significant changes in terms of trade, demand, or quantum of consumption; but there was an overall increase in the procurement price for several products following deregulation. The collection and farm gate price of tree based oilseeds and honey increased due to lower transaction costs, and ease of trading with a continued demand for these products. The impact on less valuable products was insignificant. Abolition of monopolistic trading increased competition and had a pull effect on the local market prices of several NTFPs. Although traders paid a higher price to procure products, overall they also benefited being able to sell the purchased products to merchants and manufacturers at a better margin than previously.
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  • Date Issued: 2011

Language policy, translation and language development in Zimbabwe

  • Authors: Kadenge, Maxwell , Nkomo, Dion
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/469459 , vital:77244 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.647488
  • Description: Zimbabwe does not have a national language policy document on which the country's language practices are based. The language policy is usually inferred from the language practices that characterise various spheres of life. This article attempts to show how the language policy, which primarily influences text production in the country, has nurtured translation practice. The dominating role of English sees many texts, particularly technical texts, being translated from this language into chiShona and isiNdebele, which are national languages. Translation also occurs from the national languages into English, but this involves mainly literary texts with historical and cultural significance. English literature produced by Zimbabwean writers also displays this kind of translation. Translation between indigenous languages is minimal, as is the involvement of minority languages in translation. It is apparent that scholarly research in this area is not really visible. Subsequently, the potential of translation to facilitate communication and development across linguistic barriers is not fully explored. In that context, there are many issues for translation in Zimbabwe, including in-depth investigations on the issues that are highlighted in this article like the nature of languages involved, the directionality of translation, and the types of texts translated.
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  • Date Issued: 2011

Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the Namibe Basin, southern Angola: report on a reconnaissance field and geochemical investigation

  • Authors: Marsh, Julian S
  • Date: 2010
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67301 , vital:29070
  • Description: publisher version , Mafic alkaline lavas and intrusions occur in the onshore Namibe Basin in southern Angola. The distribution and field relationships of these igneous rocks have been mapped and described by Carvalho (1961). During a reconnaissance field visit in June 2009 a suite of samples was collected for further investigation.
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  • Date Issued: 2010

Sedimentary facies and geomorphic evolution of a blocked‐valley lake: Lake Futululu, northern Kwazulu‐Natal, South Africa

  • Authors: Grenfell, Suzanne E , Ellery, William F N , Grenfell, Michael C , Ramsay, Lisa F , Flügel, Tyrel J
  • Date: 2010
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126826 , vital:35928 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01141.x
  • Description: Blocked-valley lakes are formed when tributaries are impounded by the relatively rapid aggradation of a large river and its floodplain. These features are common in the landscape, and have been identified in the floodplains of the Solimo˜es-Amazon (Brazil) and Fly-Strickland Rivers (Papua New Guinea), for example, but their inaccessibility has resulted in studies being limited to remotely sensed image analysis. This paper documents the sedimentology and geomorphic evolution of a blocked-valley lake, Lake Futululu on the Mfolozi River floodplain margin, in South Africa, while also offering a context for the formation of lakes and wetlands at tributary junctions. The study combines aerial photography, elevation data from orthophotographs and field survey, and longitudinal sedimentology determined from a series of cores, which were sub-sampled for organic content and particle size analysis. Radiocarbon dating was used to gauge the rate and timing of peat accumulation. Results indicate that following the last glacial maximum, rising sea-levels caused aggradation of the Mfolozi River floodplain. By 3980 years bp, aggradation on the floodplain had impounded the Futululu drainage line, creating conditions suitable for peat formation, which has since occurred at a constant average rate of 0Æ13 cm year)1. Continued aggradation on the Mfolozi River floodplain has raised the base level of the Futululu drainage line, resulting in a series of backstepping sedimentary facies with fluvially derived sand and silt episodically prograding over lacustrine peat deposits. Blocked-valley lakes form where the trunk river has a much larger sediment load and catchment than the tributary stream. Similarly, when the relative difference in sediment loads is less, palustrine wetlands, rather than lakes, may be the result. In contrast, where tributaries drain a steep, well-connected catchment, they may impound much larger trunk rivers, creating lakes or wetlands upstream.
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  • Date Issued: 2010

Site of struggle: the Freedom Park fracas and the divisive legacy of South Africa’s Border War/Liberation Struggle

  • Authors: Baines, Gary F
  • Date: 2010
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126954 , vital:35938 , https://doi.10.1080/02533950903076428
  • Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
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  • Date Issued: 2010

A method for automatically creating 3d animated scenes from annotated fiction text

  • Authors: Glass, Kevin R , Bangay, Shaun D
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432699 , vital:72893 , https://www.iadisportal.org/ijcsis/papers/2009110208.pdf
  • Description: This paper describes a strategy for automatically converting fiction text into 3D animations. It assumes the existence of fiction text annotated with avatar, object, setting, transition and relation annotations, and presents a transformation process that converts annotated text into quantified constraint systems, the solutions to which are used in the population of 3D environments. Constraint solutions are valid over temporal intervals, ensuring that consistent dynamic behaviour is produced. A substantial level of automation is achieved, while providing opportunities for creative manual intervention in animation process. The process is demonstrated using annotated examples drawn from popular fiction text that are converted into animation sequences, confirming that the desired results can be achieved with only high-level human direction.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Archetypal hero or living saint? The veneration of Nelson Mandela

  • Authors: Maylam, Paul
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/450030 , vital:74877 , https://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hist/v54n2/04.pdf
  • Description: It is now a commonplace that Nelson Mandela–Madiba–has become the most venerated, iconic political figure of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. Accolades and awards have been heaped upon him. In the words of Kofi Annan, the former UN Secretary-General,“To this day, Madiba remains probably the single most admired, most respected international figure in the entire world”. 1 “In these times of global warfare and strife,” remarks Desmond Tutu,“… Nelson Mandela stands out as a global icon for peace, love, reconciliation and magnanimity.” 2 In the international media, Mandela has been variously described as the only living saint, 3 and as “a moral colossus” towering over the world. 4 Nadine Gordimer views Gandhi and Mandela as “the two indisputably magnificent great people of the last millennium.” 5 The former Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, was determined, when still in office, that a statue of Mandela be built in Trafalgar Square “so Nelson on his column and Nelson Mandela on his pedestal would in a sense encapsulate the beginning and the end of the British Empire.” 6 There are actual plans afoot to construct a massive statue of Mandela, along the lines of the Statue of Liberty, overlooking the harbour in Port Elizabeth.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Cretaceous erosion in central South Africa: evidence from upper-crustal xenoliths in kimberlite diatremes

  • Authors: Hanson, E Kelsey , Moore, John M , Bordy, Emese M , Marsh, Julian S , Howarth, Geoffrey H , Robey, Julian van Aardt
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144978 , vital:38397 , https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.112.2.125
  • Description: Twelve Group II and fourteen Group I kimberlite diatremes in central South Africa were examined for upper crustal xenoliths in order to estimate the extent of various lithological units of the Karoo Supergroup in the main Karoo basin at times of kimberlite eruption, the Cretaceous erosional history of the area, and the approximate vertical extent of the kimberlite diatremes prior to erosion. Sandstone and amygdaloidal basaltic lava xenoliths from the Karoo Supergroup were specifically selected as their modal mineralogies and geochemical compositions respectively can be attributed to specific stratigraphic positions within the Karoo Supergroup. Results indicated that, at the time of Group II kimberlite eruption (120 Ma), basaltic lavas of the Drakensberg Group covered the entire area, but by the time of Group I kimberlite eruption (85 Ma), they were restricted to the south-eastern half of the study area.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Drawing Lines in the Sand: AM v RM 2010 2 SA 223 (ECP)

  • Authors: Kruuse, Helen
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54107 , vital:26391 , http://www.ufh.ac.za/speculumjuris/files/pdf/SpeculumJuris_2009_Part_2.pdf
  • Description: Judge Elna Revelas’s decision in the case of Mohamed v Mohamed 1 may be described as one of those run-of-the-mill applications in terms of rule 43 which are routinely heard on motion court days in any one of our high courts across the country. This case note suggests that her decision belies such a description. Instead, this note suggests that her decision marks a move away from existing jurisprudence on Muslim marriages in a way which may undermine, rather than promote, the recognition and respect for the marriage institutions of different religious systems and beliefs. I tentatively suggest that by granting the rule 43 application the court may have effectively imposed civil marriage obligations on a religious marriage even though the parties had not concluded a marriage in terms of the Marriage Act.2 As such, the decision has potentially radical consequences for parties in Muslim marriages and highlights the complex issues that courts have had to face in the last two decades without any guiding legislation. In order to understand the judgment properly, its context has to be considered. This context includes (1) the numerous judgments extending protection to women in Muslim marriages in the last two decades against the backdrop of the coming into effect of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996; and (2) the application by the Women’s Legal Centre Trust (hereafter “WLCT”) to the Constitutional Court to force the President and Parliament to enact legislation to recognise and protect Muslim marriages.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Effect of laundry activities on in-stream concentrations of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in a small rural South African river

  • Authors: Gordon, Andrew K , Muller, Wilhelmine J , Gysman, N , Marshall, S J , Sparham, C J , O'Connor, S M , Whelan, M J
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:7094 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012427
  • Description: In many parts of the world clothes are washed near to or in rivers and streams. Little information is available on resulting concentrations of detergent ingredients or on any potential effects caused. In this study, the fate of a commonly used anionic surfactant, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) was investigated in a reach of the Balfour River (Eastern Cape Province, South Africa) which was regularly used as a site for laundry activity. Samples of river water were collected upstream of the main washing site and at a number of locations downstream on several occasions in winter and summer. Sediment samples were also collected and analysed. In addition, a household survey was conducted to ascertain the amount of detergent used and the distribution of washing practices. The results of the survey suggested that the use of riverside locations for laundry activities was seasonal. Most washing tended to be done at home during the winter with riverside sites used more frequently during the summer months. The monitoring data showed that LAS concentrations in water were very variable. They were occasionally high in the immediate vicinity of the laundry site (up to 342 µg L− 1) but were generally very low (< 11 µg L− 1) at downstream monitoring stations, suggesting that LAS was rapidly dissipated by a combination of degradation, hydrodynamic dispersion and dilution. Concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the washing site were lower than expected on the basis of the household survey because most waste water was disposed of on the river bank rather than directly in the river. No ecological effects are expected from LAS emissions at this site.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Intellectual challenge is as necessary as breathing: an interview with Laurence Wright

  • Authors: Wright, Laurence , Pearce, B
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:7059 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007422
  • Description: Professor Laurence Wright is Director of the Institute for the Study of English in Africa at Rhodes University. In 2009, he will have completed 25 years of research, teaching and scholarship at Rhodes University and this interview marks the occasion. A Rhodes Scholar and a Commonwealth Scholar, he studied at the universities of Rhodes, Warwick and Oxford. He is also Honorary Life President of the Shakespeare Society of Southern Africa. He has published widely in literary studies and is the Managing Editor of two academic journals as well as of the poetry magazine New Coin. He currently serves on the Council of the English Academy and is a co-opted member of the English National Language Body. He has taken a broad interest in the role of English in this country, ranging from language policy and teacher education matters, to archival research and the role of the humanities in public life. I thought that it would be worthwhile to interview him as his knowledge of literature is substantial, while his incisive and engaging thoughts on a range of topics are worth hearing. The interview was conducted intermittently by email between July and October, 2008.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Municipal commonage policy and livestock owners : findings from the Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Davenport, Nicholas A , Gambiza, James
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6628 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006820
  • Description: The new African National Congress government announced after 1994 that municipal commonage would be a pillar of their land reform programme. The Department of Land Affairs spearheaded this by acquiring new land to complement the existing ‘old’ commonages. The aim of old commonage was to supplement the income of poor urban residents through the subsistence user system whereas new commonage was intended as a ‘stepping stone’ for emergent farmers. We investigated the differences between old and new commonage farmers as well as how they perceived the Makana local municipality's capacity to manage the commonage. The results showed that local institutions were weak. Only 46% of the old commonage farmers were members of a local livestock association whereas 74% of the new commonage farmers were members. Most old commonage farmers (59%) were dissatisfied with local government's management of the commonage. In contrast, only 37% of the new commonage farmers were dissatisfied with the management of the commonage. There were no differences between old and new commonage farmers in terms of livestock owners’ characteristics and mean annual net direct-use value of livestock. There were also no differences in the age of the two types of commonage farmers. Furthermore, there was no association between the type of commonage and level of education. The mean annual net direct-use value of livestock on old commonage was R6308 compared with R9707 on new commonage. Although the income from livestock for new commonage farmers varied slightly from that of old commonage farmers, the annual productive output per farmer on old commonage was R473 ha−1, three times higher than that of new commonage farmers which was R134 ha−1. We suggest that new land policy legislation is needed in which poverty as well as the legal arrangements between all stakeholders is clearly defined. Furthermore, national departments need to be more involved with local municipalities to increase local management capacity.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

'Capitalising on the dullness of the data': A linguistic analysis of a Grade 7 learner's writing

  • Authors: Hendricks, Monica
  • Date: 2008
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/469425 , vital:77241 , https://doi.org/10.2989/SALALS.2008.26.1.3.418
  • Description: The paper discusses the conceptions of language and literacy underpinning writing in current curriculum policy and analyses how the policy is instantiated in the writing of a Grade 7 learner across Afrikaans, English and isiXhosa at a well-resourced school with diverse multilingual learners and well-qualified teachers. This setting was selected in order to examine how language curriculum policy is realised in favourable circumstances. One finding was that literacy practices at the school, in all three languages, privilege grammar exercises and personal, expressive writing. In terms of Cummins's (1984) constructs of Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skill (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP), learners' written competencies in all three languages (most strongly in isiXhosa) are conversational (BICS). The personal expressive texts which predominate in learners' writing have done little to develop a formal, impersonal academic register (CALP). Yet learners need to become familiar with the more abstract impersonal factual genres associated with disciplinary-based knowledge, as Grade 7 is the start of the senior phase of schooling. It is vital that learners achieve grade-level competence in national learning outcome five which states that 'the learner will be able to use language to think and reason, as well as access, process and use information for learning' (DoE 2002).
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  • Date Issued: 2008

A Canonical Implementation Of The Advanced Encryption Standard On The Graphics Processing Unit

  • Authors: Pilkington, Nick , Irwin, Barry V W
  • Date: 2008
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430007 , vital:72659 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2008/Proceedings/Research/47.pdf
  • Description: This paper will present an implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) on the graphics processing unit (GPU). It investigates the ease of implementation from first principles and the difficulties encountered. It also presents a performance analysis to evaluate if the GPU is a viable option for a cryptographics platform. The AES implementation is found to yield orders of maginitude increased performance when compared to CPU based implementations. Although the implementation introduces complica-tions, these are quickly becoming mitigated by the growing accessibility pro-vided by general programming on graphics processing units (GPGPU) frameworks like NVIDIA’s Compute Uniform Device Architechture (CUDA) and AMD/ATI’s Close to Metal (CTM).
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  • Date Issued: 2008

Breaking into the conversation: cultural value and the role of the South African National Arts Festival from apartheid to democracy

  • Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Webb, Arthur C M
  • Date: 2008
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71311 , vital:29832 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630802106326
  • Description: The paper examines the value of the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) in the transition to democracy using theories of cultural capital. NAF history from 1974 to 2004 is used to argue that the Festival provided an important arena for the expression of political resistance in the 1980s and, to some degree, continues to do so today. It is concluded that an important part of the value of the arts is their ability to provide a forum for debating the goals and values of society and that individualistic utility theory is not always successful in measuring such social value.
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  • Date Issued: 2008

Communicating across cultures in South African law courts: towards an information technology solution*

  • Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Mostert, André M
  • Date: 2008
  • Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Translating and interpreting -- Technological innovations , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: article , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59423 , vital:27599 , doi: 10.5842/36-0-39
  • Description: Language rights in South Africa are entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa (Chapter 1, Section 6, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996). However, the concomitant infrastructure and organisational realities make this policy difficult to implement, especially in law courts (Kaschula and Ralarala 2004). Creating effective communicative environments has historically been constrained by lack of effective training of legal practitioners and by the lack of capacity for building translation structures. With the advancement of technology, potential solutions are becoming more apparent and it is incumbent upon the academic community to embark on a rigorous investigation into possible solutions and how these Information Communication Technology (ICT) solutions could be applied to the execution of justice in South African law courts. This article aims to open the discourse of possible solutions, via assessments of computer based translation solutions, ICT context simulations and other potential opportunities. The authors hope to initiate the interest of other language and legal practitioners to explore how the new technological capabilities could be harnessed to support the entrenchment of language rights in our law courts.
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  • Date Issued: 2008

Cultivating Grahamstown: Nathaniel Merriman, Shakespeare and Books

  • Authors: Wright, Laurence
  • Date: 2008
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:7033 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007367
  • Description: In 1857, Archdeacon Nathaniel Merriman delivered two public lectures on Shakespeare under the auspices of the “General Institute” of Grahamstown. The first, “On the Study of Shakspeare”, was given on 2 September and “Shakspeare, As Bearing on English History” two months later, on Friday 6 November. This article sets out to place the lectures in their local context, by providing a brief sketch of literary and cultural life in the town, in which the appreciation of Shakespeare played no small part.
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  • Date Issued: 2008

Disgrace as J.M.Coetzee's Tempest

  • Authors: Wright, Laurence
  • Date: 2008
  • Language: English
  • Type: Book chapter
  • Identifier: vital:7030 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007217
  • Description: Amid the deluge of criticism and commentary evoked by Disgrace, quite remarkably nobody has noticed that the book re-engages exactly the energies Shakespeare deployed in The Tempest, a play which has become an icon, if not the icon, of colonial and post-colonial studies.
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  • Date Issued: 2008
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