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Black South African English : where to from here?

- De Klerk, Vivian A

Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A
Date: 1999
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:6135 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011587
Description: Black South African English is generally regarded as the variety of English commonly used by mother-tongue speakers of South Africa's indigenous African languages in areas where English is not the language of the majority. This paper explores some of the problems involved in defining this variety, problems such as whether it is a `new' variety of English or a dialect, and problems relating to whose English it is: the English of those learners who have encountered only a smattering of English in informal contexts or the variety of English acquired during formal schooling. The second half of the paper focuses on the possible future of Black South African English (BSAE) against the backdrop of South Africa's new multilingual policy. Reasons for the continued appeal of English are examined, alongside the range of factors influencing the possible future growth of BSAE as a distinct variety. It is argued that South Africans are unlikely ever to be free not to learn English, owing to the huge economic, political and ideological constraints which make the `choice' of English inevitable. The success of current efforts to resist value judgements and recognise the worth of BSAE will depend not only on the goodwill of South Africans, and on the cooperation of all speakers of English, world-wide, but on the rate at which the variety drifts away from recognised standard forms of English.
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Date Issued: 1999

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Symplastic solute transport and avocado fruit development : a decline in cytokinin/ABA ratio is related to appearance of the Hass small fruit variant

- Moore-Gordon, Clive S, Cowan, Keith A, Bertling, Isa, Botha, Christiaan E J, Cross, Robin H M

Authors: Moore-Gordon, Clive S , Cowan, Keith A , Bertling, Isa , Botha, Christiaan E J , Cross, Robin H M
Date: 1998
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:6525 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005959
Description: Studies on the effect of fruit size on endogenous ABA and isopentenyladenine (iP) in developing avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) fruit revealed that ABA content was negatively correlated with fruit size whilst the iP/ABA ratio showed a linear relationship with increasing size of fruit harvested 226 d after full bloom. The effect of this change in hormone balance on the relationship between symplastic solute transport and appearance of the small fruit variant was examined following manipulation of the endogenous cytokinin (CK)/ABA ratio. Application of ABA caused seed coat senescence and retarded fruit growth but these effects were absent in fruit treated with equal amounts of ABA plus iP. Thus, the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with ABA-induced retardation of Hass avocado fruit growth appeared to be inextricably linked to a decline in CK content and included: diminution of mesocarp and seed coat plasmodesmatal branching, gating of mesocarp and seed coat plasmodesmata by deposition of electron dense material in the neck region, abolishment of the electrochemical gradient between mesocarp and seed coat parenchyma, and arrest of cell-to-cell chemical communication.
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Date Issued: 1998

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National Bi-annual Conference - Treasurer's address

- FAWU

Authors: FAWU
Date: July 1997
Subjects: FAWU
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119042 , vital:34696
Description: Comrade President, Honorary President, General Secretary and delegates, I present this report on behalf of the National Executive Committee (NEC). Since the last Conference the Union has faced many challenges and difficulties, but has despite this managed to play its rightfull role as a social partner by entering into the national debate of socio-economic transformation. This Conference has to further this advances by debating the crucial issues that underpin our advance to the total socio-economic transformation of our country. We also need to revisit and re-assess the pillars on which our Union rest, and strenghten them through policy formulation - and here I specifically want to isolate the areas of finance and administration. Later in this report I will attempt to highlight some of the crucial areas. Comrade President, allow me to express the NEC's appreciation to the staff for their dedication, loyalty and commitment, to FAWU over the past two years. We want to give them the assurance that their loyalty does not go by unnoticed, and that we will attempt to reward them for this excellent service. May I furthermore use this opportunity to thank the comrades in the National Executive Committee (NEC) and the National Office Bearers for their support and commitment over the past few months. It is through this commitment and dedication that we are able to present this Conference with a report. Comrades, the Annual Audited Financial Statements for the financial year will be tabled tommorrow. To the best of my knowledge this statements represents the financial position of the Union for the year ended 31 March 1997.
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Date Issued: July 1997

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On the life history of the lesser gurnard (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) inhabiting the Agulhas Bank, South Africa

- Booth, Anthony J

Authors: Booth, Anthony J
Date: 1997
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125434 , vital:35782 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01133.x
Description: Fishes of the genus Labeo are widely distributed throughout Africa and consist of at least 80 species which comprise 16.4% of the African cyprinid ichthyofauna (Reid 1985). Most labeo species are also commercially important throughout the African continent, having contributed significantly to various fisheries. Their roe (sensu caviar) is often harvested as an additional bycatch (Skelton et al. 1991). Despite their obvious importance, the few studies that have investigated aspects of their life history have been conducted on the larger commercial species (Lowe 1952, Mulder 1973, Balon et al. 1974, Potgieter 1974, Baird 1976, Tomasson et al. 1984, van Zyl et al. 1995).
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Date Issued: 1997

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A life-history approach to the early ontogeny of the Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces, Cichlidae)

- Holden, Kathleen K, Bruton, Michael N

Authors: Holden, Kathleen K , Bruton, Michael N
Date: 1992
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447116 , vital:74585 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/az/article/view/154193
Description: The early ontogeny of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) was followed from the time of egg activation until the juvenile period. Development is direct and consists of an embryonic period of approximately 15 days. The embryonic period can be divided into a cleavage, an embryonic and a free-embryonic phase. A detailed developmental description is given and the relationship between the early ontogeny and the early life-history pattern is examined. The terminology used for the last step of the free-embryonic phase and a possible truncated larval period is discussed.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Cancer: science and society

- Duncan, John R

Authors: Duncan, John R
Date: 1991-08-14
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54280 , vital:26450 , ISBN 0-86810-227-X
Description: [From introduction] The first question which needs to be answered is “What is Cancer?” This is in fact a very difficult question as, in many respects, cancer is a group of diverse diseases since it can affect every tissue in the body with different manifestations depending on the type of cancer. Can we therefore define this disease? I have synthesised a definition which I think covers the salient points. “Cancer is the uncontrolled or asynchronous growth of abnormal cells arising from a change in the cells DNA”. Let me explain this. Normal cells grow in a very controlled and synchronous manner. In going from a child to an adult hormones and other factors control the rate of growth of bones, muscles, etc.. They do this in a very controlled way by influencing the genetic material in the cell, viz. DNA. In adults there is also constant cell growth in, for example, skin and blood cells where new cells are replacing dead or old cells, again in a very controlled fashion. Many factors, which I will be discussing shortly, can disrupt this controlled cell growth and can further cause cells which normally are static or grow very slowly to enter into a state of high rates of cell growth. These cells which arc now growing in an uncontrolled fashion have been changed by these factors so that they no longer resemble the normal cells in the tissue in which they are found. They can therefore be regarded as abnormal cells.
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Date Issued: 1991-08-14

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Studies on the Zoarcidae, (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the Southern hemisphere. III. The Southwestern Pacific

- Anderson, M Eric, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology

Authors: Anderson, M Eric , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
Date: 1990-07
Subjects: Zoarcidae , Fishes -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70348 , vital:29647 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 50 , The eelpout fauna of the southwestern Pacific presently includes 6 species, one of which, Pachycara garricki, is described as new. Full species accounts and illustrations are also provided for Melanostigma inexpectatum, Ophthalmolycus campbellensis, and Lycenchelys maoriorum, known previously only from the meager type series. Two species, Melanostigma gelatinosum, and M. vitiazi were redescribed in the first part of this series, but expanded diagnoses are provided here. Lycenchelys maoriomm and O. campbellensis are expected to be endemic to the New Zealand Plateau and perhaps Lord Howe Rise.
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Date Issued: 1990-07

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SACTWU - Shop Stewards Bulletin Vol 1 No.1

- SACTWU

Authors: SACTWU
Date: May 1990
Subjects: SACTWU
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116907 , vital:34457
Description: SO wrote Bertolt Brecht, a German poet of the working people, in his famous poem “In Praise Of Learning”. Today, many years later, South Africa’s factories are filled with hungry persons, fighting for a living wage. One powerful weapon in that fight is knowledge. SACTWU hassetuptheEducationDep artm en t to meet the need for an educated worker leadership. This Bulletin is brought out to help arm worker leaders - with information, fresh ideas, new thoughts, skills - to fight the battle for a new South Africa. The Bulletin will carry articles on issues in the factory and outside of it. All issues which affect workers. Our lives are bigger than the factory only. It will carry stories on events in South Africa and also outside our country. The world today is small. Events in one country can affect people in another. Workers must take on interest in the whole world. It will seek to develop a thinking leadership, not one which follows blindly.
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Date Issued: May 1990

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The petrogenesis of the Kirwan Basalts of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

- Harris, Chris, Marsh, Julian S, Duncan, Andrew R, Erlank, Anthony J

Authors: Harris, Chris , Marsh, Julian S , Duncan, Andrew R , Erlank, Anthony J
Date: 1990
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145492 , vital:38443 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.2.341
Description: The 420 m thick sequence of Kirwan basalt crops out along the southernmost 50 km of the Kirwanveggen Escarpment (74°S, 6°W). There is little variation in major element chemistry of these basalts (SiO2 49·3–51·6 wt.%; MgO 5·1–6·6 wt.%), but the concentrations of certain incompatible elements (e.g., Zr) vary by factors of approximately two or more.
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Date Issued: 1990

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The petrogenesis of the Kirwan Basalts of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

- Harris, Chris, Marsh, Julian S, Duncan, Andrew R, Erlank, Anthony J

Authors: Harris, Chris , Marsh, Julian S , Duncan, Andrew R , Erlank, Anthony J
Date: 1990
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145472 , vital:38441 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.2.341
Description: The 420 m thick sequence of Kirwan basalt crops out along the southernmost 50 km of the Kirwanveggen Escarpment (74°S, 6°W). There is little variation in major element chemistry of these basalts (SiO2 49·3–51·6 wt.%; MgO 5·1–6·6 wt.%), but the concentrations of certain incompatible elements (e.g., Zr) vary by factors of approximately two or more.
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Date Issued: 1990

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Opening our eyes

- Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)

Authors: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
Date: 1989
Subjects: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250511 , vital:52008
Description: This is a bold statement and a difficult one for people who regard] computers as a tool of the rich. Yes the computer is a tool or the rich. But more and more of these weird little machines are finding their way into our backyards and ghettos, into the backrooms of our community organisations and even into our classrooms. Each of these computers can do what only the rich with million rand typographic equipment could do 10 years ago . Today ordinary people can bring out media of a quality that only highly trained professionals using specialised equipment used to be able to produce. This edition of CECS NEWS is proof of this. Almost the entire newsletter was produced by High School student members of CECS trained on a 5-day camp in June. “Computers For All” is not just an empty slogan but a possible reality. We decided at the camp to devote an entire issue to just this topic: Media on Computers.
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Date Issued: 1989

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Detention without trial: past, present and future

- Mathews, A S, Wylie, James Scott

Authors: Mathews, A S , Wylie, James Scott
Date: [1988]-02
Subjects: Detention of persons -- South Africa , Human rights -- South Africa , Political prisoners -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72512 , vital:30079
Description: Detention without trial can be a formidable government weapon against political opponents. In South Africa this weapon has been fashioned into a multiple warhead. There are currently seven security law detention provisions on the statute book, of which one is dormant but can be activated by the State President. Non security law detention, for example detention under drug laws, will not be discussed in this paper. While the seven detention laws are of varying severity and serve different purposes, they are best classified and explained under two main categories or groups - preventive detention and pre-trial detention.
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Date Issued: [1988]-02

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Soft believers and hard unbelievers in the Xhosa cattle-killing

- Peires, Jeffrey B

Authors: Peires, Jeffrey B
Date: 1986
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:6153 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007064 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700023264
Description: A substantial minority, perhaps 15 per cent of all Xhosa, refused to obey the prophetess Nongqawuse's orders to kill their cattle and destroy their corn. This divided Xhosaland into two parties, the amathamba (‘soft’ ones, or believers) and the amagogotya (‘hard’ ones, or unbelievers). The affiliation of individuals was partly determined by a number of factors – lungsickness in cattle, political attitude towards the Cape Colony, religious beliefs, kinship, age and gender – but a systematic analysis of each of these factors in turn suggests that none of them was sufficiently important to constitute the basis of either party. The key to understanding the division lies in an analysis of the indigenous Xhosa terms ‘soft’ and ‘hard’. ‘Softness’ in Xhosa denotes the submissiveness of the individual to the common will of the community, whereas ‘hardness’ denotes the determination of the individual to pursue his own ends, even at communal expense. Translated into social terms, the ‘soft’ believers were those who remained committed to the mutual aid ethic of the declining precolonial society, whereas the ‘hard’ unbelievers were those who sought to seize advantage of the new opportunities offered by the colonial presence to increase their wealth and social prominence. The conflict between the social and personal imperatives was well expressed by Chief Smith Mhala, the unbelieving son of a believing father, when he said, ‘They say I am killing my father – so I would kill him before I would kill my cattle.’ Certainly, the division between amathamba and amagogotya ran much deeper than the division between belief and unbelief, and the Xhosa, in conferring these names, seem to have recognized the fact.
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Date Issued: 1986

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Problems of species definition in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes (Pisces: Cichlidae)

- Lewis, Digby S C, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology

Authors: Lewis, Digby S C , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
Date: 1982-09
Subjects: Cichlids -- Nyasa, Lake , Fishes
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69918 , vital:29595 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 23 , The evolution of the cichlid species flock in Lake Malawi has taken place very rapidly and resulted in the proliferation of a large number of species many of which are similar to one another. This has given rise to a situation in which traditional methods of distinguishing species based on preserved specimens are often of limited value. There are many instances of different species having almost identical morphologies, of single populations of one species showing considerable morphological variation and of marked geographical intraspecific variation. Polymorphism is considered not to be as widespread as previously thought, and pronounced random intraspecific colour variation within a population is discounted. Sympatric sibling species may be distinguished by observing behavioural and habitat differences in the field, but no means has been devised for ascertaining whether morphologically and behaviourally similar allopatric forms are specifically distinct. Lack of access to fresh specimens and lack of information on distribution and habitat have resulted in numerous errors appearing in taxonomic works on Lake Malawi cichlids. Great care is needed when attempting scientific descriptions of cichlid species from the African Great Lakes, and it is suggested that such work be left to specialists with knowledge of living and fresh fish in these lakes.
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Date Issued: 1982-09

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