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Evaluation of the kinetics and mechanism of drug release from Econazole nitrate nanosponge loaded Carbapol Hydrogel

- Sharma, Renuka, Walker, Roderick B, Pathak, Kamla

Authors: Sharma, Renuka , Walker, Roderick B , Pathak, Kamla
Date: 2011
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:6437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006614
Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of release of econazole nitrate (EN) nanosponges loaded hydrogel and to compare it with EN hydrogel so as to develop an extended release topical drug delivery system of EN. Nanosponges of EN were prepared using ethyl cellulose and PVA by emulsion solvent evaporation method. On the basis of pharmacotechnical evaluation nanosponges with least particle size of 230.1 nm and good rheological properties were formulated as hydrogel (F1 – F7). In vitro drug release data of EN nanosponges loaded hydrogels in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and 7.4 when analysed by GraphPad Prism software version 4.0 San Diego, USA best fitted the Makoid-2 Banakar model (R value greater than 0.98). The Korsmeyer-Peppas release exponent (n) ranged between 0.331 – 0.418, which confirmed diffusion as the principle mechanism of drug release. The release mechanism was further confirmed by calculating the ratio of exponents A/B ratio derived from the Kopcha model.
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Date Issued: 2011

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First assessment of estuarine space use and home range of juvenile white steenbras, Lithognathus lithognathus

- Bennett, Rhett H, Childs, Amber-Robyn, Cowley, Paul D, Næsje, T F, Thorstad, Eva B, Økland, F

Authors: Bennett, Rhett H , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Cowley, Paul D , Næsje, T F , Thorstad, Eva B , Økland, F
Date: 2011
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447517 , vital:74653 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2011.11407476
Description: The spatial dynamics and home range sizes of early juvenile white steenbras (Lithognathus lithognathus Cuvier, 1829) in the permanently open Great Fish Estuary, South Africa, were assessed using acoustic telemetry. Seven individuals (154–184 mm fork length) tagged with acoustic transmitters spent the majority of their time in the mesohaline to oligohaline regions of the estuary, between five and seven kilometres from the mouth. Mean home range size was small (97 399 ± 22 557 m2, mean ± S.D.) relative to the size of the estuary (approx. 1 360 000m2). Mean length of the estuary used by an individual was 1707m(±S.D.=1663 m). The fish were highly resident within the estuary, and showed fidelity towards their site of capture.
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Date Issued: 2011

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Invasion of a South African Anguilla mossambica (Anguillidae) population by the alien gill worm Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Monogenea)

- Parker, Denham, Weyl, Olaf L F, Taraschewski, Horst

Authors: Parker, Denham , Weyl, Olaf L F , Taraschewski, Horst
Date: 2011
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443367 , vital:74111 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC18196
Description: The parasitic gill monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae is alien to Africa. In an investigation of 227 longfin eel, Anguilla mossambica, and 26 mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, sampled from four river systems in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, this parasite was only present on the gills of A. mossambica sampled from the Great Fish River system. In the Great Fish River, it infected 73.2% of the sampled population at a mean intensity of 63.8 ± 34.3 parasites per fish. High prevalence and intensity are indicative of a well-established alien invasive parasitic species. Results showing the absence of P. anguillae from the co-occurring but less abundant A. marmorata indicate that this species may be less susceptible to P. anguillae infection.
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Date Issued: 2011

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Vice-Chancellor's welcoming address 2011

- Badat, Saleem

Authors: Badat, Saleem
Date: 2011
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: vital:7591 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006582
Description: From introduction: The Purposes of a University. So permit me to spend a few minutes on the meaning of a university and the three purposes. Rhodes University exists to serve. The first purpose is to produce knowledge, so that we can advance understanding of our natural and social worlds and enrich our scientific and cultural heritage. This means that we ‘test the inherited knowledge of earlier generations’, we dismantle the mumbo jumbo that masquerades for knowledge, we ‘reinvigorate’ knowledge, and we share our findings with others. As a university, our second purpose is to disseminate knowledge and to develop your minds. Our goal is to ensure that you can think imaginatively, ‘effectively and critically’; that you ‘achieve depth in some field of knowledge’; that you can critique ideas and views and construct alternatives, and that you can communicate cogently, orally and in writing. Our final purpose as a university is to undertake community engagement, whether this is as part of academic courses or your voluntary participation in community projects organized by our Community Engagement Office.
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Date Issued: 2011

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Google docs and skype for a low bandwidth virtual classroom for developing countries

- Thinyane, Hannah, Mufeti, Tulimevava K, Terzoli, Alfredo, Wright, Madeleine

Authors: Thinyane, Hannah , Mufeti, Tulimevava K , Terzoli, Alfredo , Wright, Madeleine
Date: 2010
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430757 , vital:72713 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5753006
Description: There has been much attention recently on the use of virtual class-rooms to support distance learning. However, the required real-time and high-rate transfers for multimedia contents such as video and audio that comprise most off-the-shelf virtual classrooms make them infeasible for developing countries where bandwidth is typically more restricted. This paper describes the findings of an ongoing investigation to develop a low bandwidth virtual classroom that can provide the necessary func-tionality to deliver courses to distant students. By combining Google Docs and Skype, we realised a low bandwidth virtual classroom alterna-tive that could provide adequate functionality within our teaching con-text.
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Date Issued: 2010

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Simultaneous determination of irinotecan hydrochloride and its related compounds by high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection

- Mohammadi, Ali, Esmaeili, Farnaz, Dinarvand, Rassoul, Atyabi, Fatemeh, Walker, Roderick B

Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Esmaeili, Farnaz , Dinarvand, Rassoul , Atyabi, Fatemeh , Walker, Roderick B
Date: 2010
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:6413 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006508
Description: A new simple, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of irinotecan (CPT-11) and two related compounds viz., 7-ethyl-10 hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) and camptothecin (CPT) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was accomplished using a reversed-phase C18 column and ultraviolet (UV)detection and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 3 % v/v triethylammonium acetate buffer (pH 3) and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v). The linear range of quantitation for all the compounds was 0.1-10 μg/mL. The limit of quantitation for all the compounds ranged between 0.01-0.05 μg/mL. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay of CPT-11 and related compounds in pharmaceutical dosage forms and bulk API.
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Date Issued: 2010

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The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project: A case study

- Mufeti, Tulimevava K, Thinyane, Hannah, Terzoli, Alfredo, Foster, Gregory G

Authors: Mufeti, Tulimevava K , Thinyane, Hannah , Terzoli, Alfredo , Foster, Gregory G
Date: 2010
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430784 , vital:72715 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5753006
Description: The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project is a collaboration initiative of the Departments of Computer Science at Rhodes University and the University of Namibia, conceptualized in 2007 and operational since 2008. The project aims to build capacity in the Computer Science De-partment at the University of Namibia through curriculum development and delivery, staff development and sharing of resources. This paper gives a detailed description of the project, highlighting how it was con-ceived, its aims and objectives, its aspirations and challenges, as well as some of the successes achieved to date.
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Date Issued: 2010

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Pollinators, “mustard oil” volatiles, and fruit production in flowers of the dioecious tree Drypetes natalensis (Putranjivaceae)

- Johnson, Steven D, Griffiths, Megan E, Peter, Craig I, Lawes, Michael J

Authors: Johnson, Steven D , Griffiths, Megan E , Peter, Craig I , Lawes, Michael J
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:6519 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005948
Description: The Putranjivaceae is an enigmatic family, notable for being the only lineage outside the Capparales to possess the glucosinolate biochemical pathway, which forms the basis of an induced chemical defense system against herbivores (the “ mustard oil bomb ” ). We investigated the pollination biology and fl oral scent chemistry of Drypetes natalensis (Putranjivaceae), a dioecious subcanopy tree with fl owers borne on the stem (caulifl ory). Flowering male trees were more abundant than female ones and produced about 10-fold more fl owers. Flowers of both sexes produce copious amounts of nectar on disc-like nectaries accessible to short-tongued insects. The main fl ower visitors observed were cetoniid beetles, bees, and vespid wasps. Pollen load analysis indicated that these insects exhibit a high degree of fi delity to D. natalensis fl owers. Insects effectively transfer pollen from male to female plants resulting in about 31% of female fl owers developing fruits with viable seeds. Cetoniid beetles showed signifi cant orientation toward the scent of D. natalensis fl owers in a Y-maze olfactometer. The scents of male and female fl owers are similar in chemical composition and dominated by fatty acid derivatives and isothiocyanates from the glucosinolate pathway. The apparent constitutive emission of isothiocyanates raises interesting new questions about their functional role in flowers.
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Date Issued: 2009

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