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Heat accumulation and development rate of massed maggots of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

- Kotzé, Zanthé, Villet, Martin H, Weldon, Christopher W

Authors: Kotzé, Zanthé , Villet, Martin H , Weldon, Christopher W
Date: 2016
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442168 , vital:73964 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.09.009
Description: Blowfly larvae aggregate on exposed carcasses and corpses and pass through three instars before wandering from the carcass and pupating. The developmental landmarks in this process can be used by forensic entomologists to estimate the time since the insects colonised the carcass, which sets a minimum post mortem interval. Large aggregations of feeding larvae generate a microclimate with temperatures up to 15 °C above ambient conditions, which may accelerate larval development and affect forensic estimates of post-mortem intervals. This study investigated the effects of heat accumulated by maggot masses of Lucilia cuprina at aggregations of 20, 50 and 100 larvae, each at incubation temperatures of 18 °C, 24 °C and 30 °C, using body length and life stage as developmental indicators. Aggregation temperatures reached up to 18.7 °C above ambient temperature, with significant effects of both size and temperature of the aggregation on the development time of its larvae. Survivorship was highest for all life stages at 24 °C, which is near the developmental optimum of L. cuprina. The results of this study provide a broadly applicable method of quantifying heat accumulation by aggregations of a wide range of species of forensic importance, and the results obtained from such studies will demonstrate that ambient temperature cannot be considered the only source of heat that blowfly larvae experience when they develop on a carcass. Neglect of temperatures within larval aggregations will result in an overestimation of post-mortem intervals and thus have far-reaching medicolegal consequences.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Introduction: the multilingual context of education in Africa

- Kaschula, Russell H, Wolff, H Ekkehard

Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Wolff, H Ekkehard
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174849 , vital:42515 , ISBN 978-0415315760 , https://www.amazon.com/Multilingual-Education-Africa-Practices-Routledge/dp/041531576X
Description: The common thread in this book is the exploration of innovative pedagogies in language teaching and language use in education. The greatest danger facing educators is one of complacency. Whether set in Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, South Africa or elsewhere in Africa, all the chapters in this book emphasise the imperative for educators to constantly revise curricula and teaching methods in order to find the most appropriate ways of teaching and using language in multilingual settings.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Teaching operating systems: just enough abstraction

- Machanick, Philip

Authors: Machanick, Philip
Date: 2016
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439265 , vital:73560 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47680-3_10
Description: There are two major approaches to teaching operating systems: conceptual and detailed. I explore the middle ground with an approach designed to equip students with the tools to explore detail later as the need arises, without requiring the time and grasp of detail needed to understand a full OS implementation. To meet those goals, I apply various strategies to different concepts, for example, faking the detail and using techniques from computer architecture simulation. The course aims to give students a better sense of how things work than a conceptual approach without the time required for a full implementation-based course.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Validation of the periodicity of growth zone formation in the otoliths of four fish species from the Upper Zambezi ecoregion, southern Africa

- Taylor, Geraldine C, Peel, Richard A, Weyl, Olaf L F, Hay, Clinton J

Authors: Taylor, Geraldine C , Peel, Richard A , Weyl, Olaf L F , Hay, Clinton J
Date: 2016
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443414 , vital:74116 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC196537
Description: In the Upper Zambezi and Okavango ecoregions, Brycinus lateralis, Hepsetus cuvieri, Schilbe intermedius and Serranochromis macrocephalus are important in subsistence fisheries, while S. intermedius and S. macrocephalus are often caught in commercial catches. Despite their importance, there is little information on their age and growth and age validation. Growth zone deposition rate in otoliths of B. lateralis, H. cuvieri, S. intermedius and S. macrocephalus was validated as annual using edge analysis in this study. Annual deposition of growth zones was corroborated by a fluorochrome marking experiment. Both methods demonstrated that one growth zone was deposited annually. Edge analysis demonstrated that the highest proportion of opaque zones was detected between August and December, most likely as a result of slow growth during lower temperature water during the preceding winter. With growth zone deposition validated as annual, future research should focus on determining the growth, maturity and mortality rates of these species, parameters which are important for their management.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Why a contextual approach to professional development?

- Leibowitz, B L, Vorster, Jo-Anne E, Ndebele, C

Authors: Leibowitz, B L , Vorster, Jo-Anne E , Ndebele, C
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: article , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61288 , vital:28009 , https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-4ad93ec2a
Description: One of the peculiarities of the literature on academic professional development with regard to teaching is its a-political nature. It pays insufficient attention to issues of equity, and to how privilege, geographical location, class and ethnicity influence the way that staff in higher education learn to teach. This is surprising, or paradoxical, given the strong world-wide concern for widening participation and student success in higher education. The approaches towards professional academic development have been dominated by literature from the global North, which does not take into account conditions in resource-constrained environments. We contend that literature from these Southern environments enrich the international body of literature. Thus there is a need for scholarly writing on learning to teach in higher education, which takes a specifically social, contextual and relational approach and which considers these within resource-rich as well as resource-constrained environments.
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Date Issued: 2016

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A comparison of genetic structure in two low-dispersal crabs from the Wild Coast, South Africa

- Qhaji, Y, Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine, Papadopoulos, Isabelle, McQuaid, Christopher D, Teske, Peter R

Authors: Qhaji, Y , Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine , Papadopoulos, Isabelle , McQuaid, Christopher D , Teske, Peter R
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444770 , vital:74297 , https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2015.1077474
Description: The Wild Coast in south-eastern South Africa is strongly influenced by the warm, southward-flowing Agulhas Current. This current has a significant impact on dispersal in the coastal biota of the region, and facilitates high levels of connectivity among populations. However, it is not known how the region's high-velocity hydrology affects genetic population structure in endemic estuarine species, populations of which are frequently isolated from the sea. Here, we compared genetic structure in two estuarine crabs of the family Hymenosomatidae. Both are presumed to have low dispersal potential, but they differ in terms of their life histories. Hymenosoma longicrure has abbreviated larval development and can complete its entire life cycle within estuaries, whereas Neorhynchoplax bovis is a direct developer that lacks planktonic larvae.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Addressing local level food insecurity amongst small-holder communities in transition

- Shackleton, Charlie M, Hamer, Nicholas G, Swallow, Brent M, Ncube, K

Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Hamer, Nicholas G , Swallow, Brent M , Ncube, K
Date: 2015
Subjects: Food security -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa Rural development -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50090 , vital:25958
Description: Food insecurity affects as significant proportion of the world's population and hence it typically receives priority attention in global policies associated with poverty, equity and sustainable development. For example, it is the first of the Millennium Development Goals and the second of their successor, the Sustainable Development Goals. Access to sufficient and nutritious food is deemed a basic human right. The latest FAO analysis of the “State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014” reports that 805 million people (approximately 11-12% of the world's population) are chronically undernourished (i.e. do not have sufficient energy intake over a period of at least one year). In sub-Saharan Africa the prevalence remains stubbornly high at 24%, the highest in the world. Whilst most interpret food insecurity to mean an insufficient quantity of food (as measured by the number of calories consumed), the widely accepted FAO definition considers four dimensions of food security, namely quantity, quality or diversity, access and use. Provision of enough calories on a daily basis is not sufficient if the diet lacks diversity and appropriate balance to provide the full range of minerals and vitamins necessary for proper health, or if the food available is culturally unacceptable. Thus, there is a pressing need for more nuanced analyses of food security against all four of the dimensions embedded in the concept. Additionally, it is important that these be measured at more local or regional levels because national statistics can mask alarming regional discrepancies in food security, or amongst particular sectors of society, such as recent migrants, refugees, female- or child-headed households, those vulnerable to HIV/AIDS or the landless, to mention just a few. For example, at a national level South Africa is considered a food secure nation with respect to staple requirements, and access to sufficient food is enshrined in the Constitution (Section 27, subsection 1b), but nationally one in twenty (i.e. approx. 2.5 million people) go to bed hungry most nights, and 23% of children below the age of 15 are physically stunted, severely stunted or wasted, due to the long-term ill effects of insufficient food or of inadequate diversity and quality. At a subnational level, there are marked differences between rural and urban populations and even between geographic areas (for example, the prevalence of stunting amongst boys less than 15 years old is 23% in the Eastern Cape, compared to 12% in Gauteng). Once again, despite being a food secure nation, nationally 40% of the population have a dietary diversity score of four or less, which is a cut-off point signifying poor dietary diversity which makes people more vulnerable to malnutrition and ill health, and in Limpopo and Northwest provinces it is as high as 66% and 61%, respectively.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Effect of conventional and organic orchard floor management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a ‘Cripp’s Pink’/M7 apple orchard soil

- Meyer, André H, Wooldridge, John, Dames, Joanna F

Authors: Meyer, André H , Wooldridge, John , Dames, Joanna F
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444012 , vital:74178 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.026
Description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are key components of agricultural soil–plant systems, which may be affected by agricultural practices. In organically managed (ORG) orchards, nutrients are supplied in the form of compost, and weeds are suppressed with mulches, whereas synthetic fertilizers and herbicides are used for these respective purposes in conventional (CON) orchards. The effects of ORG and CON orchard floor management practices on native AM fungi in apple orchards were investigated in a randomized field trial. AM root colonization, spore abundance, infectivity potentials and soil glomalin contents were determined in the 0–30 cm soil depth interval, in tree rows, over consecutive seasons. Root colonization was higher in the ORG than the CON treatments, but intermediate where straw mulch was substituted for green work-row covers. Glomalin levels were not affected by the treatments. Root colonization by AM fungi increased with increasing soil pH, P, C, K, Zn, and Mn concentrations, but were suppressed by Cu. Colonization correlated positively with leaf P, Ca and Mg, and with stem circumference, but negatively with leaf N and yield. ORG orchard floor management practices therefore, promoted functional AM associations more effectively than CON practices.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Effects of inoculating Lachnum and Cadophora isolates on the growth of Vaccinium corymbosum

- Mbizabani, Christine, Dames, Joanna F

Authors: Mbizabani, Christine , Dames, Joanna F
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444024 , vital:74179 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2015.08.005
Description: The roots of ericaceous plants harbour a diversity of fungal taxa, which confer eco-physiological benefits to the host. Some of the fungi have been established to form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) associations and enhance plant growth in certain ericaceous genera. Although, Lachnum and Cadophora isolates have frequently been identified from the roots of this family, the status of their association and functional roles is still vague. The aims of this study were to identify Lachnum and Cadophora isolates; determine the root-fungal interactive structures formed in associations with Vaccinium corymbosum L. (blueberry) hosts and to examine inoculation effects of the fungal associates using several varieties of the blueberry. Lachnum and Cadophora were isolated and identified from Erica cerinthoides L. and Erica demmissa Klotzsch ex Benth using morphological and molecular techniques. Micropropagated blueberry varieties (Bluecrop, Elliott, Spartan, Chandler and Brightwell) were inoculated with respective fungi and plant growth evaluated. Both fungi colonised the roots and did not have any pathogenic effect.
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Date Issued: 2015

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JMS: a workflow management system and web-based cluster front-end for the Torque resource manager

- Brown, David K, Musyoka, Thommas M, Penkler, David L, Tastan Bishop, Özlem

Authors: Brown, David K , Musyoka, Thommas M , Penkler, David L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
Date: 2015
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148049 , vital:38705 , https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06907
Description: Complex computational pipelines are becoming a staple of modern scientific research. Often these pipelines are resource intensive and require days of computing time. In such cases, it makes sense to run them over distributed computer clusters where they can take advantage of the aggregated resources of many powerful computers. In addition to this, researchers often want to integrate their workflows into their own web servers. In these cases, software is needed to manage the submission of jobs from the web interface to the cluster and then return the results once the job has finished executing.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Microbial water quality of treated water and raw water sources in the Harare area, Zimbabwe

- Chirenda, Tatenda G, Srinivas, Sunitha C, Tandlich, Roman

Authors: Chirenda, Tatenda G , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Tandlich, Roman
Date: 2015
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76206 , vital:30520 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.12
Description: Microbial water quality is an essential aspect in the provision of potable water for domestic use. The provision of adequate amounts of safe water for domestic purposes has become difficult for most municipalities mandated to do so in Zimbabwe. Morton-Jaffray Treatment Plant supplies potable water to Harare City and areas surrounding Harare. This study investigated microbial water quality and the impact of microbial water quality related disasters in the area supplied by the Morton Jaffray Treatment Plant. Questionnaires were distributed to household owners in Harare who receive their water from the Municipality and those who use alternate water supplies. Candidates were randomly selected from their workplace. The raw water quality of Manyame River and its tributaries was assessed. Treated water in households was assessed for microbial quality using hydrogen sulphide test and heterotrophic bacteria plate count. Raw water sources were found to be contaminated by faecal matter. Household water sources tested negative for faecal contamination but positive for heterotrophic bacteria. CFU quantities ranged from 1 to 452 CFU/m. for all samples. The WHO guidelines for domestic water sources state that water used for domestic purposes should not be contain than 100 CFU/m.. Public perceptions of water quality ranged from eunsafef to ehighly contaminatedf. A decrease in the level of aesthetic appeal resulted in residents resorting to alternative sources such as wells and rivers for their domestic water. The current state of treated water was suitable for domestic use. Pathogen monitoring of domestic water is recommended using the hydrogen sulphide test and R2A agar test.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Movement behaviour of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in a South African impoundment

- Howell, Dylan H, Cowley, Paul D, Childs, Amber-Robyn, Weyl, Olaf L F

Authors: Howell, Dylan H , Cowley, Paul D , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Weyl, Olaf L F
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443893 , vital:74169 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2015.1040837
Description: The objectives of this study were to describe movements and area use patterns of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in relation to abiotic factors (water temperature, river inflow and water level). The study was conducted in the Kubusi arm of Wriggleswade Dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa where nine largemouth bass (310–385 mm FL) were surgically implanted with individually coded acoustic transmitters and monitored for nine months (May 2010 to January 2011) using an array of five moored acoustic data-logging receivers. The daily position occupied by largemouth bass was significantly affected by water temperature (P0.001) and river inflow (P0.001), whereas water level had no effect. Largemouth bass spent little or no time in the shallow river inlet areas when water temperature was 12.5 °C, but as water temperature increased, their utilisation of shallow areas increased significantly. The results from this study demonstrate the importance of environmental factors, particularly water temperature, on the movement of largemouth bass.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Optical properties of water-soluble l-cysteine-capped alloyed CdSeS quantum dot passivated with ZnSeTe and ZnSeTe/ZnS shells

- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello, Forbes, Patricia B C

Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello , Forbes, Patricia B C
Date: 2015
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:7260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020269
Description: Alloyed quantum dots (QDs) passivated with shell materials have valuable optical characteristics suitable for a wide array of applications. In this work, alloyed ternary CdSeS QDs passivated with ZnSeTe and ZnSeTe/ZnS shells have been synthesized via a hot-injection method and a ligand exchange reaction employing l-cysteine as a thiol ligand has been used to obtain these water-soluble nanocrystals for the first time. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of alloyed l-cysteine-capped CdSeS was 71.2% but decreased significantly to 5.2% upon passivation with a ZnSeTe shell. The red shift in PL emission of the CdSeS/ZnSeTe QDs was attributed to be strain-induced whilst a lattice-induced process likely created defect states in the core/shell interface hence contributing to the decline in the PL QY. Nonetheless, the fluorescence stability of CdSeS/ZnSeTe QDs in aqueous solution was unperturbed. Further passivation with a ZnS shell (CdSeS/ZnSeTe/ZnS) improved the PL QY to a value of 58.7% and thus indicates that the defect state in the QDs core/shell/shell structure was reduced. PL lifetime exciton measurements indicated that the rates of decay of the QDs influenced their photophysical properties. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.05.024
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Date Issued: 2015

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Structural and optical properties of alloyed quaternary CdSeTeS core and CdSeTeS/ZnS core–shell quantum dots

- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello, Forbes, Patricia B C

Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello , Forbes, Patricia B C
Date: 2015
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:7244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020248
Description: Synthesis of fluorescent alloyed quantum dots (QDs) with unique optical properties suitable for a wide array of chemical, physical and biological applications is of research interest. In this work, highly luminescent and photostable alloyed quaternary CdSeTeS core QDs of two different sizes were fabricated via the organometallic hot-injection synthetic route. Characterization of the nanocrystals were performed using TEM, XRD, UV/vis and fluorescence spectrophotometric techniques. We have demonstrated in this work that the well fabricated alloyed quaternary CdSeTeS core QDs possess unique optical properties that are advantageous over conventional core/shell systems. Formation of the CdSeTeS/ZnS core/shell with the desired optical properties comes with a number of challenges, hence the advantages of the quaternary alloyed core over the core/shell QDs are (i) avoidance of the challenging process of determining the proper shell thickness which can provide the desired optical properties in the core/shell system and (ii) avoidance of the lattice-induced mismatch between the core and the shell material which can either lead to incomplete exciton confinement or dislocation at the core/shell interface. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.083
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Date Issued: 2015

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The host status of lemons for the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with particular reference to export protocols

- Moore, Sean D, Kirkman, Wayne, Hattingh, Vaughan

Authors: Moore, Sean D , Kirkman, Wayne , Hattingh, Vaughan
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452252 , vital:75115 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC176581
Description: The South African citrus industry is dependent on export of fresh fruit to many markets around the world, with approximately 70% of South Africa's citrus crop being exported (CGA 2013). The false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is recorded as a pest of citrus fruit in southern Africa (Newton 1998; Grout and Moore 2015). As a result of its endemism to sub-Saharan Africa (Moore 2002), certain export markets of importance for the South African citrus industry, such as Peoples Republic of China, U.S.A. and South Korea, regulate it as a quarantine pest.Control of the pest in the field can be highly effective, using a suite of integrated control options, applied with diligent management (Moore and Hattingh 2012). These can succeed in reducing T. leucotreta infestation by 97% or more (Moore et al. 2015). Such an integrated system, using the sterile insect technique as the mainstay of the programme, has succeeded in reducing moth catches by 99%, fruit infestation by 96% and export rejections by 89% in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, since the inception of the programme in 2007 (Barnes et al. 2015).
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Date Issued: 2015

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Towards a PHP webshell taxonomy using deobfuscation-assisted similarity analysis

- Wrench, Peter M, Irwin, Barry V W

Authors: Wrench, Peter M , Irwin, Barry V W
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429560 , vital:72622 , 10.1109/ISSA.2015.7335066
Description: The abundance of PHP-based Remote Access Trojans (or web shells) found in the wild has led malware researchers to develop systems capable of tracking and analysing these shells. In the past, such shells were ably classified using signature matching, a process that is currently unable to cope with the sheer volume and variety of web-based malware in circulation. Although a large percentage of newly-created webshell software incorporates portions of code derived from seminal shells such as c99 and r57, they are able to disguise this by making extensive use of obfuscation techniques intended to frustrate any attempts to dissect or reverse engineer the code. This paper presents an approach to shell classification and analysis (based on similarity to a body of known malware) in an attempt to create a comprehensive taxonomy of PHP-based web shells. Several different measures of similarity were used in conjunction with clustering algorithms and visualisation techniques in order to achieve this. Furthermore, an auxiliary component capable of syntactically deobfuscating PHP code is described. This was employed to reverse idiomatic obfuscation constructs used by software authors. It was found that this deobfuscation dramatically increased the observed levels of similarity by exposing additional code for analysis.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Trophic relationships of hake (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus) and sharks (Centrophorus squamosus, Deania calcea and D. profundorum) in the Northern (Namibia) Benguela Current region

- Iitembu, Johannes A, Richoux, Nicole B

Authors: Iitembu, Johannes A , Richoux, Nicole B
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443830 , vital:74157 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC183122
Description: The trophic relationships of two hake species (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus) and three shark species (Centrophorus squamosus, Deania calcea and D. profundorum) were investigated using nitrogen and carbon stable isotope signatures (15N and 13C) of their muscle tissues. The sharks were more enriched in 15N than the hake, an indication of the apex predator status of sharks. Among the sharks considered, C. squamosus occupied the highest trophic level and fed primarily on benthic prey. The two species of shark from the genus Deania were not different based on 15N or 13C, so they had similar diets. The 13C signatures indicated that M. capensis and sharks fed on prey derived from similar basal resources. However, there was a significant difference in 13C between M. paradoxus and all other species examined, suggesting that they occupied different feeding niches. Isotope-based populationmetrics showed narrower trophic ranges in sharks than M. capensis. Carbon and nitrogen ranges indicated that hake fed on a more diverse pool of carbon sources and had generally more enhanced trophic diversity in their feeding patterns than sharks. Among the species considered, C. squamosus occupied a unique isotopic space. Our results supported the hypothesis there are trophic overlaps among these species, but some interesting differentiation was revealed.
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Date Issued: 2015

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What "global art" and current (re)turns fail to see: a modest counter-narrative of "not-another-biennial"

- Simbao, Ruth K

Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
Date: 2015
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147314 , vital:38625 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC176315
Description: What is the scope of "global art" and who drives its framing within the current climate of 'corporate globalization' (Demos 2009 : 7, emphasis in original)? In what ways do the recent global turn and curatorial turn underwrite meaningful global inclusivity and visibility, and to what degree does this globally shared art constitute mutuality? Does "global art", including the accompanying process of biennialisation, allow for local narratives in a way that seriously accounts for a geopolitical view of contemporary art in the twenty-first century? While the inclusion of "new art worlds" in what Belting, Buddensieg and Weibel (2013) term "global art" is framed as a democratisation of contemporary art and the demise of the western art canon, it is important to raise questions regarding the blind spots of this supposedly global, post-1989 expansion.
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Date Issued: 2015

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Willingness to pay for marine-based tourism in the Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve, Mozambique

- Daly, Clare A K, Fraser, Gavin C G, Snowball, Jeanette D

Authors: Daly, Clare A K , Fraser, Gavin C G , Snowball, Jeanette D
Date: 2015
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473119 , vital:77608 , https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2015.1012556
Description: Marine and coastal ecosystems face widespread degradation largely because market failure hides the economic value of the goods and services they provide. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can serve as structures that ensure the continued functioning of marine and coastal ecosystem goods and services. Yet, to be effective and sustainable, MPAs must be able to prove their economic worth and generate revenue. User-fee systems are used commonly to partially finance multi-use MPAs. This study applies contingent valuation as a method of economic valuation within an MPA in southern Mozambique. Using a payment card and questionnaire from November 2012 to April 2013, this study determined the willingness to pay (WTP) of three user groups for access to the Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve. The study also investigated the potential for the reserve to increase revenues for conservation through the implementation of a user fee for marine-based activities. Probit and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were used to determine the effects of various independent variables on WTP. The OLS model found income, African residency and environmental awareness to be significant factors that influenced visitors' WTP for access to the reserve. The mean WTP was R 43.75 (South African rands) per person per day. Using data supplied by the reserve management, conservative estimated annual revenues based on the implementation of this fee amount ranged between R 1.46 million and R 3.3 million.
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Date Issued: 2015

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