The asymmetric effects of the exchange rate on bilateral trade between the United Kingdom and Germany
- Authors: Kamwiyo, Craig
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rate , Foreign trade regulation -- Great Britain , Foreign trade regulation -- Germany , Commercial treaties
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65086 , vital:74021
- Description: Brexit has given the United Kingdom greater autonomy over its international trade policies and as a result, there is a need to understand the dynamics around the effects of exchange rate on trade balances. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of the pound to euro exchange rate on trade between the United Kingdom and Germany. In so doing, the study investigated the existence of the J-curve phenomenon in the bilateral trade balance. While most existing studies focus on aggregating the trade balance, this study considers disaggregating the trade balance at industrial level. Therefore, the disaggregated trade balance led to several unique studies catering for the twelve biggest industries that make up the trade balance. In addition, the study also does away with the assumption of linearity in the effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance by making use of asymmetric analysis. For this purpose, the study uses the linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models to analyse monthly data over the period of January 2010 to August 2022. The results provide evidence supporting the existence of the J-curve effect among linear ARDL and NARLD models. Furthermore, it was found that the exchange rate had an asymmetric effect on trade both in the short run and long run. All in all, the results in this study are industry-specific, indicating that the effects of both an appreciation and depreciation of the exchange rate on the bilateral trade balances vary across industries. Considering the J-curve effect identified in six cases, and greater trade elasticities following a depreciation, the government should advocate for expansionary monetary policy by lowering interest rates to improve the trade balance. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Kamwiyo, Craig
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rate , Foreign trade regulation -- Great Britain , Foreign trade regulation -- Germany , Commercial treaties
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65086 , vital:74021
- Description: Brexit has given the United Kingdom greater autonomy over its international trade policies and as a result, there is a need to understand the dynamics around the effects of exchange rate on trade balances. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of the pound to euro exchange rate on trade between the United Kingdom and Germany. In so doing, the study investigated the existence of the J-curve phenomenon in the bilateral trade balance. While most existing studies focus on aggregating the trade balance, this study considers disaggregating the trade balance at industrial level. Therefore, the disaggregated trade balance led to several unique studies catering for the twelve biggest industries that make up the trade balance. In addition, the study also does away with the assumption of linearity in the effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance by making use of asymmetric analysis. For this purpose, the study uses the linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models to analyse monthly data over the period of January 2010 to August 2022. The results provide evidence supporting the existence of the J-curve effect among linear ARDL and NARLD models. Furthermore, it was found that the exchange rate had an asymmetric effect on trade both in the short run and long run. All in all, the results in this study are industry-specific, indicating that the effects of both an appreciation and depreciation of the exchange rate on the bilateral trade balances vary across industries. Considering the J-curve effect identified in six cases, and greater trade elasticities following a depreciation, the government should advocate for expansionary monetary policy by lowering interest rates to improve the trade balance. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The determinants of foreign direct investment inflows into South Africa
- Authors: Campher, Renate
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign economic relations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64907 , vital:73958
- Description: Through mechanisms such as knowledge transfer and productivity spillovers, foreign direct investment (FDI) is viewed as a critical driver of growth in developing economies. The flow of FDI into a country can benefit both the investing entity and the host government. This study employed ordinary least square (OLS) regression to examine the factors that determine FDI in South Africa using time series data from 1996 to 2021. The results demonstrate that gross domestic product (GDP), institutional quality, trade openness, the regulatory environment, and the real effective exchange rate (REER) all have positive effects on FDI flows into South Africa. To sustain and promote FDI inflows, the government of South Africa must ensure that the country remains attractive for investment by better promoting good governance, creating jobs to increase growth, maintaining free and fair elections in 2024, forging alliances with trading partners outside of Africa, speeding up all policy processes that may hinder the inflow of FDI, and decreasing government debt. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Campher, Renate
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign economic relations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64907 , vital:73958
- Description: Through mechanisms such as knowledge transfer and productivity spillovers, foreign direct investment (FDI) is viewed as a critical driver of growth in developing economies. The flow of FDI into a country can benefit both the investing entity and the host government. This study employed ordinary least square (OLS) regression to examine the factors that determine FDI in South Africa using time series data from 1996 to 2021. The results demonstrate that gross domestic product (GDP), institutional quality, trade openness, the regulatory environment, and the real effective exchange rate (REER) all have positive effects on FDI flows into South Africa. To sustain and promote FDI inflows, the government of South Africa must ensure that the country remains attractive for investment by better promoting good governance, creating jobs to increase growth, maintaining free and fair elections in 2024, forging alliances with trading partners outside of Africa, speeding up all policy processes that may hinder the inflow of FDI, and decreasing government debt. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The determinants of job satisfaction in the renewable energy sector in South Africa
- Authors: Mienie, Alice
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Job satisfaction -- South Africa , Work ethic -- South Africa , Work -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65175 , vital:74041
- Description: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within South Africa face unique challenges, including the quality of education of prospective employees, ailing educational infrastructure and a lack of financial support. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the phenomenon, known as the great resignation. During this time a significant number of people quit their jobs, citing various reasons, including poor working conditions, lack of recognition and a toxic work culture. This has highlighted the importance of effective organisational talent management strategies across various industries. The renewable energy sector in South Africa plays a vital role in the government’s National Development Plan 2030, in particular, as it relates to the elimination of poverty. At the same time, employees in all sectors, including the renewable energy sector, are continuously assessing whether their employer is meeting their professional and personal needs. Therefore, ensuring their job satisfaction is a crucial organisational consideration, as job satisfaction has been linked to positive employee outcomes, including motivation, and retention. It is also important for organisations to have a clear idea of the factors that promote job satisfaction. Studies on job satisfaction is limited in the renewable energy sector, specifically in the South African context. For this reason, this study was deemed important in filling this gap. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of job satisfaction in an organisation in the renewable energy sector in South Africa. In the past, job satisfaction had been assessed in this organisation using an employee net promotor score (eNPS). It was believed that this measure was limited, as it did not provide an indication of the factors contributing to job satisfaction. A detailed literature review was conducted to understand what job satisfaction entails, the determinants thereof, how it is measured and its impact on , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Mienie, Alice
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Job satisfaction -- South Africa , Work ethic -- South Africa , Work -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65175 , vital:74041
- Description: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within South Africa face unique challenges, including the quality of education of prospective employees, ailing educational infrastructure and a lack of financial support. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the phenomenon, known as the great resignation. During this time a significant number of people quit their jobs, citing various reasons, including poor working conditions, lack of recognition and a toxic work culture. This has highlighted the importance of effective organisational talent management strategies across various industries. The renewable energy sector in South Africa plays a vital role in the government’s National Development Plan 2030, in particular, as it relates to the elimination of poverty. At the same time, employees in all sectors, including the renewable energy sector, are continuously assessing whether their employer is meeting their professional and personal needs. Therefore, ensuring their job satisfaction is a crucial organisational consideration, as job satisfaction has been linked to positive employee outcomes, including motivation, and retention. It is also important for organisations to have a clear idea of the factors that promote job satisfaction. Studies on job satisfaction is limited in the renewable energy sector, specifically in the South African context. For this reason, this study was deemed important in filling this gap. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of job satisfaction in an organisation in the renewable energy sector in South Africa. In the past, job satisfaction had been assessed in this organisation using an employee net promotor score (eNPS). It was believed that this measure was limited, as it did not provide an indication of the factors contributing to job satisfaction. A detailed literature review was conducted to understand what job satisfaction entails, the determinants thereof, how it is measured and its impact on , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The effect of education on youth unemployment in South Africa
- Authors: Erasmus, Lana
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Youth -- Employment -- South Africa , Unemployed youth -- South Africa , Youth -- South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64975 , vital:73999
- Description: This study investigates the complex relationship between education and youth unemployment in South Africa, utilising data from the 2021 General Household Survey. Employing Logit and Probit models, the research analyses the impact of various factors on the likelihood of youth unemployment, such as education level, province, gender, age, race, type of institution, internet access, access to electricity, and household income. The findings of the study reveal that having a diploma, undergraduate degree, honours/postgraduate diploma, M-Tech, or master’s degree decreases the probability of youth unemployment. Factors such as being white, belonging to the age groups 25-29 or 30-34, and higher household income also reduce the likelihood of unemployment. However, residing in certain provinces such as Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Northwest, or Limpopo increases the probability of youth unemployment. The sensitivity analysis establishes differences between provinces where mining activities are or are not the main industry. Notable variations include the impact of education on unemployment likelihood and demographic factors affecting different regions. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights to policymaking efforts aimed at addressing youth unemployment in South Africa. By examining the intricate connection between education and employment, the research advocates for targeted interventions to bridge the education-employment gap and cultivate a more inclusive labour market for the nation's youth. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Erasmus, Lana
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Youth -- Employment -- South Africa , Unemployed youth -- South Africa , Youth -- South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64975 , vital:73999
- Description: This study investigates the complex relationship between education and youth unemployment in South Africa, utilising data from the 2021 General Household Survey. Employing Logit and Probit models, the research analyses the impact of various factors on the likelihood of youth unemployment, such as education level, province, gender, age, race, type of institution, internet access, access to electricity, and household income. The findings of the study reveal that having a diploma, undergraduate degree, honours/postgraduate diploma, M-Tech, or master’s degree decreases the probability of youth unemployment. Factors such as being white, belonging to the age groups 25-29 or 30-34, and higher household income also reduce the likelihood of unemployment. However, residing in certain provinces such as Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Northwest, or Limpopo increases the probability of youth unemployment. The sensitivity analysis establishes differences between provinces where mining activities are or are not the main industry. Notable variations include the impact of education on unemployment likelihood and demographic factors affecting different regions. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights to policymaking efforts aimed at addressing youth unemployment in South Africa. By examining the intricate connection between education and employment, the research advocates for targeted interventions to bridge the education-employment gap and cultivate a more inclusive labour market for the nation's youth. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The effectiveness of Coega Development Corporation’s financing subsidiary in enabling small and medium enterprise construction projects
- Authors: Heynes, Vincent Ernest
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Coega Development Corporation , Small business -- Management , Construction industry -- Management , Project managers Project management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65013 , vital:74006
- Description: Globally, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the driving force that keeps the economy of a country going and although the overall economic contribution of SMEs is impressive worldwide, in South Africa (SA), there is a high rate of failure amongst SMEs. Although the survival rate is low, South African SMEs contribute up to 22% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the economy. SME funding is a critical component of this growth and access to finance is one of the primary challenges that SMEs face in the country, along with a supportive environment to facilitate SME survival and growth. The formation of what was initially Industrial Development Zones (IDZs), now Special Economic Zones (SEZs), was one instrument introduced by the South African government to bolster the economy through upscaling manufacturing capacity, increase exports and create employment. The first SEZ in SA, Coega, managed by the Coega Development Corporation (CDC), a state-owned enterprise (SoE) based in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) with operations throughout SA. A major shortcoming in the development of the SMEs operating in the SEZ, was the inability to access the project finance required to commence construction projects once they were awarded a tender. The CDC established an internal finance subsidiary, Small Business Finance and Support (SBFS), in June 2014. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the effectiveness of the project financing offered by SBFS in enabling the execution of SME construction clients’ projects. The interpretivist paradigm, following a qualitative research approach was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of the SBFS operations and determine how their funding enabled the completion of construction SME projects. Input was obtained from 20 participants involved in CDC construction projects, namely three Project Managers, three Programme Managers, two Mentors and 12 Clients via telephonic, face to face and virtual Microsoft Teams using self-developed semi-structured interview schedules. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured in terms of credibility through triangulation, dependability through the creation of an audit trail, transferability through generalisation of individuals with similarities, and conformability through verification. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Heynes, Vincent Ernest
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Coega Development Corporation , Small business -- Management , Construction industry -- Management , Project managers Project management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65013 , vital:74006
- Description: Globally, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the driving force that keeps the economy of a country going and although the overall economic contribution of SMEs is impressive worldwide, in South Africa (SA), there is a high rate of failure amongst SMEs. Although the survival rate is low, South African SMEs contribute up to 22% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the economy. SME funding is a critical component of this growth and access to finance is one of the primary challenges that SMEs face in the country, along with a supportive environment to facilitate SME survival and growth. The formation of what was initially Industrial Development Zones (IDZs), now Special Economic Zones (SEZs), was one instrument introduced by the South African government to bolster the economy through upscaling manufacturing capacity, increase exports and create employment. The first SEZ in SA, Coega, managed by the Coega Development Corporation (CDC), a state-owned enterprise (SoE) based in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) with operations throughout SA. A major shortcoming in the development of the SMEs operating in the SEZ, was the inability to access the project finance required to commence construction projects once they were awarded a tender. The CDC established an internal finance subsidiary, Small Business Finance and Support (SBFS), in June 2014. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the effectiveness of the project financing offered by SBFS in enabling the execution of SME construction clients’ projects. The interpretivist paradigm, following a qualitative research approach was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of the SBFS operations and determine how their funding enabled the completion of construction SME projects. Input was obtained from 20 participants involved in CDC construction projects, namely three Project Managers, three Programme Managers, two Mentors and 12 Clients via telephonic, face to face and virtual Microsoft Teams using self-developed semi-structured interview schedules. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured in terms of credibility through triangulation, dependability through the creation of an audit trail, transferability through generalisation of individuals with similarities, and conformability through verification. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The impact of Basel III higher capital and liquidity requirements on the profitability of South African banks
- Authors: Mdandalaza, Zuko Ludwig
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Basel III , Bank capital , Banks and banking, International , International finance
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65153 , vital:74038
- Description: This study employs a robust quantitative research design meticulously tailored to investigate the nuanced impact of Basel III capital and liquidity requirements on the profitability of South African banks. The data collection process is anchored in a rigorous approach, driven by the acquisition and meticulous review of financial statements sourced from a carefully curated sample of South Africa’s banks. Ensuring the sample’s representativeness is of paramount importance for bolstering the study’s findings. To this end, a purposive sampling technique, distinguished for its deliberate selection methodology, was applied judiciously. This method yielded the selection of 10 banks, chosen carefully to encapsulate a cross-section of the South African banking landscape, thus enhancing the research’s validity and robustness. The analysis of this intricate dataset is underpinned by advanced statistical techniques, with regression analysis as the principal analytical tool. Specifically, the study harnesses the Arellano-Bond generalized method of moments (GMM), a sophisticated yet versatile statistical methodology appropriate for disentangling complex relationships in longitudinal data. This analytical approach is perfectly suited to trace the nuanced interactions between Basel III’s capital and liquidity requirements and the profitability trajectories of South African banks. Spanning a 12-year timeframe, 2010 to 2022, this study attempts to encapsulate the evolution of the banking landscape in the wake of Basel III’s implementation. This extensive temporal scope enables the research to capture both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends, enriching its insights and lending depth to the analysis. The first objective of this study was to unravel the intricate web of macro-specific and bank-specific factors influencing the profitability of banks in South Africa. Net interest margin (NIM), a pivotal metric reflecting bank profitability and efficiency, was central to the investigation. Empirical insights gleaned from the analysis revealed several key determinants of NIM for South African banks. Notably, NIM displayed a high degree of persistence over time. This suggests that South African banks do not adjust swiftly to changes in market conditions, emphasizing the importance for bank managers of considering the long-term repercussions of their decisions on interest, income, and expenses. The results also illuminated a set of critical variables closely linked to NIM. These include credit loss, non-interest income, market concentration, stability (Z-score), and inflation. These variables collectively underscored the banks’ ability to navigate the multi-faceted landscape of risks and uncertainties in the banking sector, including credit risk, operational risk, market risk, and inflation risk. The positive relationship between these variables and NIM indicated the banks’ adeptness at passing on costs and risks to customers through higher interest rates or fees, all while leveraging their market power and diversification strategies. Conversely, a negative and significant association emerged between NIM and bank size, GDP per capita, private credit, and the repo rate. These variables underscored the competitive pressure and macroeconomic dynamics influencing the demand for and supply of credit in the banking sector. In this context, the negative relationship suggested that larger banks, those operating in more developed and competitive markets, and those encountering lower policy rates, tend to exhibit lower NIM. These banks, due to heightened competition and lower demand for credit, face diminished interest income and narrower margins. Notably, variables like cost-to-income ratio, funding structure, and loan-to-deposit ratio did not emerge as significant in explaining NIM for South African banks. This implies that these variables exert a relatively weaker influence on the profitability and efficiency of South African banks, or that their effects are subsumed by other variables in the model. The second objective examined the effect of higher capital buffers on bank profitability. Empirical findings revealed a negative yet statistically insignificant co-efficient for the CET1 variable in the regression analysis. This observation indicated that there is no substantial relationship between Basel III Tier 1 capital ratio (CET1) and bank profitability, as measured by NIM, among South African banks. This suggests that Basel III capital requirements do not have a significant influence on the profitability and efficiency of these banks, or their effect varies depending on other bank-specific or macroeconomic variables. The third objective focused on the effect of Basel III liquidity regulations, epitomized by the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), on bank profitability in South Africa. Empirical results revealed a negative but statistically insignificant relationship between LCR and NIM. This observation indicates that Basel III liquidity regulations exert no discernible effect on the net interest income of South African banks. This finding could be attributed to the fact that South African banks had already fortified their liquidity positions before Basel III implementation, adhering to stringent regulatory requirements and prudent liquidity management practices. As a result, the introduction of LCR did not pose a significant alteration or constraint on the liquidity standing and profitability of South African banks. It also implies that other factors, like market conditions, funding structures, or asset compositions, play more pivotal roles than the LCR in shaping the profitability of South African banks. These factors may influence the net interest spread, cost of funds, or risk-adjusted returns of these banks. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Mdandalaza, Zuko Ludwig
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Basel III , Bank capital , Banks and banking, International , International finance
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65153 , vital:74038
- Description: This study employs a robust quantitative research design meticulously tailored to investigate the nuanced impact of Basel III capital and liquidity requirements on the profitability of South African banks. The data collection process is anchored in a rigorous approach, driven by the acquisition and meticulous review of financial statements sourced from a carefully curated sample of South Africa’s banks. Ensuring the sample’s representativeness is of paramount importance for bolstering the study’s findings. To this end, a purposive sampling technique, distinguished for its deliberate selection methodology, was applied judiciously. This method yielded the selection of 10 banks, chosen carefully to encapsulate a cross-section of the South African banking landscape, thus enhancing the research’s validity and robustness. The analysis of this intricate dataset is underpinned by advanced statistical techniques, with regression analysis as the principal analytical tool. Specifically, the study harnesses the Arellano-Bond generalized method of moments (GMM), a sophisticated yet versatile statistical methodology appropriate for disentangling complex relationships in longitudinal data. This analytical approach is perfectly suited to trace the nuanced interactions between Basel III’s capital and liquidity requirements and the profitability trajectories of South African banks. Spanning a 12-year timeframe, 2010 to 2022, this study attempts to encapsulate the evolution of the banking landscape in the wake of Basel III’s implementation. This extensive temporal scope enables the research to capture both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends, enriching its insights and lending depth to the analysis. The first objective of this study was to unravel the intricate web of macro-specific and bank-specific factors influencing the profitability of banks in South Africa. Net interest margin (NIM), a pivotal metric reflecting bank profitability and efficiency, was central to the investigation. Empirical insights gleaned from the analysis revealed several key determinants of NIM for South African banks. Notably, NIM displayed a high degree of persistence over time. This suggests that South African banks do not adjust swiftly to changes in market conditions, emphasizing the importance for bank managers of considering the long-term repercussions of their decisions on interest, income, and expenses. The results also illuminated a set of critical variables closely linked to NIM. These include credit loss, non-interest income, market concentration, stability (Z-score), and inflation. These variables collectively underscored the banks’ ability to navigate the multi-faceted landscape of risks and uncertainties in the banking sector, including credit risk, operational risk, market risk, and inflation risk. The positive relationship between these variables and NIM indicated the banks’ adeptness at passing on costs and risks to customers through higher interest rates or fees, all while leveraging their market power and diversification strategies. Conversely, a negative and significant association emerged between NIM and bank size, GDP per capita, private credit, and the repo rate. These variables underscored the competitive pressure and macroeconomic dynamics influencing the demand for and supply of credit in the banking sector. In this context, the negative relationship suggested that larger banks, those operating in more developed and competitive markets, and those encountering lower policy rates, tend to exhibit lower NIM. These banks, due to heightened competition and lower demand for credit, face diminished interest income and narrower margins. Notably, variables like cost-to-income ratio, funding structure, and loan-to-deposit ratio did not emerge as significant in explaining NIM for South African banks. This implies that these variables exert a relatively weaker influence on the profitability and efficiency of South African banks, or that their effects are subsumed by other variables in the model. The second objective examined the effect of higher capital buffers on bank profitability. Empirical findings revealed a negative yet statistically insignificant co-efficient for the CET1 variable in the regression analysis. This observation indicated that there is no substantial relationship between Basel III Tier 1 capital ratio (CET1) and bank profitability, as measured by NIM, among South African banks. This suggests that Basel III capital requirements do not have a significant influence on the profitability and efficiency of these banks, or their effect varies depending on other bank-specific or macroeconomic variables. The third objective focused on the effect of Basel III liquidity regulations, epitomized by the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), on bank profitability in South Africa. Empirical results revealed a negative but statistically insignificant relationship between LCR and NIM. This observation indicates that Basel III liquidity regulations exert no discernible effect on the net interest income of South African banks. This finding could be attributed to the fact that South African banks had already fortified their liquidity positions before Basel III implementation, adhering to stringent regulatory requirements and prudent liquidity management practices. As a result, the introduction of LCR did not pose a significant alteration or constraint on the liquidity standing and profitability of South African banks. It also implies that other factors, like market conditions, funding structures, or asset compositions, play more pivotal roles than the LCR in shaping the profitability of South African banks. These factors may influence the net interest spread, cost of funds, or risk-adjusted returns of these banks. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The impact of covid-19 on SMEs: a case study of the pay-TV installation sector in Johannesburg
- Authors: Lwabi, Anathi
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Small business -- Management -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Cable television -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65097 , vital:74022
- Description: Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMES), generally abbreviated as SMEs, are enterprises that have revenues, assets or number of employees that are below a certain level. Each country applies an industry-specific criteria when determining enterprises that meet the definition of an SME (Ward, 2020). According to Faye and Goldblum (2022), SMEs are essential employers, and they are vital in job creation. In creating jobs, SMEs thus, contribute to alleviation of poverty and this leads to an improvement in the standards of living of a country’s inhabitants. Through improved employment levels from job creation contributed by SMEs, a country’s economy also grows. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted to extensive job losses in developing countries because many SMEs contracted their workforce during the pandemic (Faye & Goldblum, 2022). Many non-essential service businesses were prohibited from operating during the pandemic. Governments around the world introduced strict measures to contain the impact of the coronavirus and these included restrictions on travel, business operations and face-to-face interactions (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2020). The president of South Africa announced that people needed work permits that would allow them to go to work if they were essential workers, or provided essential services if they were self-employed (Pretorius, 2020). This is how strict the restrictions were, thereby completely blocking non-essential service SMEs from operating. Hence, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the Pay TV installation sector in Johannesburg and inferences were made for SMEs in general, with regards to how they were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the research primary and secondary objectives, literature review was conducted, identifying the contribution of SMEs on a country’s social status and economic growth. Other aspects that were reviewed in existing literature included but not limited to factors that contribute to the success and failure of SMEs, challenges faced by SMEs in South Africa, SMEs resilience at times of crises and impact of COVID-19 on SMEs. The study followed a qualitative research approach, and six open-ended questions were asked during the interviews with participants. The aim was to allow participants to express themselves genuinely and authentically to gain a better insight of the impact of COVID-19 on SMEs. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Lwabi, Anathi
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Small business -- Management -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Cable television -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65097 , vital:74022
- Description: Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMES), generally abbreviated as SMEs, are enterprises that have revenues, assets or number of employees that are below a certain level. Each country applies an industry-specific criteria when determining enterprises that meet the definition of an SME (Ward, 2020). According to Faye and Goldblum (2022), SMEs are essential employers, and they are vital in job creation. In creating jobs, SMEs thus, contribute to alleviation of poverty and this leads to an improvement in the standards of living of a country’s inhabitants. Through improved employment levels from job creation contributed by SMEs, a country’s economy also grows. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted to extensive job losses in developing countries because many SMEs contracted their workforce during the pandemic (Faye & Goldblum, 2022). Many non-essential service businesses were prohibited from operating during the pandemic. Governments around the world introduced strict measures to contain the impact of the coronavirus and these included restrictions on travel, business operations and face-to-face interactions (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2020). The president of South Africa announced that people needed work permits that would allow them to go to work if they were essential workers, or provided essential services if they were self-employed (Pretorius, 2020). This is how strict the restrictions were, thereby completely blocking non-essential service SMEs from operating. Hence, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the Pay TV installation sector in Johannesburg and inferences were made for SMEs in general, with regards to how they were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the research primary and secondary objectives, literature review was conducted, identifying the contribution of SMEs on a country’s social status and economic growth. Other aspects that were reviewed in existing literature included but not limited to factors that contribute to the success and failure of SMEs, challenges faced by SMEs in South Africa, SMEs resilience at times of crises and impact of COVID-19 on SMEs. The study followed a qualitative research approach, and six open-ended questions were asked during the interviews with participants. The aim was to allow participants to express themselves genuinely and authentically to gain a better insight of the impact of COVID-19 on SMEs. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The impact of underperforming state-owned enterprises on the South African economy
- Authors: Erasmus, Christopher
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Government business enterprises , Government corporations , Budget deficits -- South Africa , Deficit financing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64951 , vital:73991
- Description: Problems have existed in South African SOEs for more than 80 years and in the more recent past, billions of rands in bailouts have begun to accumulate in an effort to revive struggling SOEs and consequently has placed the South African economy under immense fiscal strain. With the use of case study analysis, this study set out to determine the impact bailouts of underperforming SOEs are having on the budget deficit as well as government debt, with particular focus aimed at the contributions of Eskom and SAA. Thereafter, the study adopted a VAR framework and investigated if either the budget deficit or government debt share a relationship with economic growth based on data from 2000-2020. It was discovered that an alarming R331,206 billion has been given out in bailouts to underperforming SOEs over the past decade. As a result, SOEs have been identified by credit rating agencies, financial institutions such as the IMF and the National Treasury as posing one of the greatest threats to the fiscal outlook and a widening budget deficit. Results from the granger casualty tests only found evidence of unidirectional causality running from GDP to both the budget deficit and government debt, meaning there was no evidence to suggest that changes in the budget deficit and government debt influence GDP. The estimated VAR model also failed to find evidence of a statistically significant relationship existing between the budget deficit and GDP as well as government debt and GDP. These findings suggest that there is inconclusive evidence to suggest that underperforming SOEs do impact economic growth via the budget deficit and government debt. However, government expenditure was found to have a statistically significant and negative relationship with GDP which indicates that expenditure has been wasteful and is a reflection of the impact bailouts have on economic growth when considering the significant amount of expenditure directed towards SOEs over the past two decades. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Erasmus, Christopher
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Government business enterprises , Government corporations , Budget deficits -- South Africa , Deficit financing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64951 , vital:73991
- Description: Problems have existed in South African SOEs for more than 80 years and in the more recent past, billions of rands in bailouts have begun to accumulate in an effort to revive struggling SOEs and consequently has placed the South African economy under immense fiscal strain. With the use of case study analysis, this study set out to determine the impact bailouts of underperforming SOEs are having on the budget deficit as well as government debt, with particular focus aimed at the contributions of Eskom and SAA. Thereafter, the study adopted a VAR framework and investigated if either the budget deficit or government debt share a relationship with economic growth based on data from 2000-2020. It was discovered that an alarming R331,206 billion has been given out in bailouts to underperforming SOEs over the past decade. As a result, SOEs have been identified by credit rating agencies, financial institutions such as the IMF and the National Treasury as posing one of the greatest threats to the fiscal outlook and a widening budget deficit. Results from the granger casualty tests only found evidence of unidirectional causality running from GDP to both the budget deficit and government debt, meaning there was no evidence to suggest that changes in the budget deficit and government debt influence GDP. The estimated VAR model also failed to find evidence of a statistically significant relationship existing between the budget deficit and GDP as well as government debt and GDP. These findings suggest that there is inconclusive evidence to suggest that underperforming SOEs do impact economic growth via the budget deficit and government debt. However, government expenditure was found to have a statistically significant and negative relationship with GDP which indicates that expenditure has been wasteful and is a reflection of the impact bailouts have on economic growth when considering the significant amount of expenditure directed towards SOEs over the past two decades. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The influence of financial literacy on online banking fraud detection
- Tewo, Francine Fabiola Petato
- Authors: Tewo, Francine Fabiola Petato
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Security measures , Bank fraud -- Prevention , Bank fraud -- Prevention -- Technological innovation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65467 , vital:74158
- Description: The growth of online banking, also known as e-banking, electronic banking or Internet banking, has enticed customers to perform online banking transactions. Even traditional banking institutions are encouraging their customers to adopt online banking services to offer them faster and more dependable services. Online banking services available to customers range from the ability to access their accounts, transfer money between accounts or beneficiaries to more advanced financial services such as applying for loans or making investments. Despite the benefits online banking, it does expose the user to significant risks, including financial fraud and unauthorised payments. The growth of online banking has led to an increase in opportunities for sophisticated fraudsters to commit online banking fraud by means of constantly changing methods that exploit the weaknesses in existing preventive measures, mainly targeting the financial sector and its customers. Due to negligence, curiosity or naivety, online banking fraud victims are often responsible for their own victimisation. Although there is the general perception that customers are not liable for damages incurred due to online financial fraud and that banks will refund the financial losses, the banking industry is moving towards customer co-liability to curb online banking fraud. It has been recognised that financial literacy positively influences a person’s financial behaviour, including online banking. Improving access to financial services through technology requires a higher level of financial literacy to use such services effectively and be less vulnerable to, for example, misleading advertising, fraud, hacking attacks and unauthorised use of data. Given the importance of online banking in the South African economy, as well as the increasing emphasis being placed on online banking customers to education themselves about the safe use of online banking services, the primary research objective of this study was therefore to determine the influence of financial literacy on customers’ ability to detect online banking fraud. In the literature review, the following factors have been identified that could influence online banking customers’ Ability to detect online banking fraud (dependent variable), namely: Financial knowledge, Financial behaviour, Financial attitude, Trust, Attentiveness, Awareness, Risk-perception (independent variables).The empirical investigation adopted a positivistic research paradigm, together with a deductive and quantitative methodology. The methodological strategy used to collect primary data was an online survey, that was cross-sectional in nature. The 280 completed questionnaires were subjected to statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed by using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, respectively. Descriptive statistics were also calculated to summarise the data, while inferential statistics included Pearson’s product moment correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests and multiple regression analysis (MRA) to test the relationships amongst the dependent and independent variables. As a result of the CFA analysis conceptual framework and the hypothesised model were modified. It was hypothesised that Financial knowledge, Financial behaviour, Financial attitude, Trust, Attentiveness, and Awareness are the financial literacy factors that have a significant positive influence on online banking customers’ Risk-perception and ability to detect online banking fraud. The empirical results of this study establish the following predictors or determinants of online banking customers’ Risk-perception and ability to detect online banking fraud, namely: Trust, Awareness and Attentiveness. In doing so, this research contributes to validating the notion that certain financial literacy factors could be important to take into consideration in order to assist online banking customers to be less vulnerable by being able to assess the risk and fraud associated with using online banking services. This study theoretically contributes to the body of knowledge on financial literacy and online banking and online banking fraud in general and the influence of financial literacy factors on online banking customers’ ability to detect online banking fraud in particular in a South African context. This study will enable banks and their online banking customers to gain a better understanding of the impact of financial literacy on customers' levels of risk-perception concerning online banking fraud. This understanding could subsequently improve their awareness, attentiveness and ability to detect online banking fraud and, consequently, reduce the risk of online banking victimisation. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Tewo, Francine Fabiola Petato
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Security measures , Bank fraud -- Prevention , Bank fraud -- Prevention -- Technological innovation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65467 , vital:74158
- Description: The growth of online banking, also known as e-banking, electronic banking or Internet banking, has enticed customers to perform online banking transactions. Even traditional banking institutions are encouraging their customers to adopt online banking services to offer them faster and more dependable services. Online banking services available to customers range from the ability to access their accounts, transfer money between accounts or beneficiaries to more advanced financial services such as applying for loans or making investments. Despite the benefits online banking, it does expose the user to significant risks, including financial fraud and unauthorised payments. The growth of online banking has led to an increase in opportunities for sophisticated fraudsters to commit online banking fraud by means of constantly changing methods that exploit the weaknesses in existing preventive measures, mainly targeting the financial sector and its customers. Due to negligence, curiosity or naivety, online banking fraud victims are often responsible for their own victimisation. Although there is the general perception that customers are not liable for damages incurred due to online financial fraud and that banks will refund the financial losses, the banking industry is moving towards customer co-liability to curb online banking fraud. It has been recognised that financial literacy positively influences a person’s financial behaviour, including online banking. Improving access to financial services through technology requires a higher level of financial literacy to use such services effectively and be less vulnerable to, for example, misleading advertising, fraud, hacking attacks and unauthorised use of data. Given the importance of online banking in the South African economy, as well as the increasing emphasis being placed on online banking customers to education themselves about the safe use of online banking services, the primary research objective of this study was therefore to determine the influence of financial literacy on customers’ ability to detect online banking fraud. In the literature review, the following factors have been identified that could influence online banking customers’ Ability to detect online banking fraud (dependent variable), namely: Financial knowledge, Financial behaviour, Financial attitude, Trust, Attentiveness, Awareness, Risk-perception (independent variables).The empirical investigation adopted a positivistic research paradigm, together with a deductive and quantitative methodology. The methodological strategy used to collect primary data was an online survey, that was cross-sectional in nature. The 280 completed questionnaires were subjected to statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed by using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, respectively. Descriptive statistics were also calculated to summarise the data, while inferential statistics included Pearson’s product moment correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests and multiple regression analysis (MRA) to test the relationships amongst the dependent and independent variables. As a result of the CFA analysis conceptual framework and the hypothesised model were modified. It was hypothesised that Financial knowledge, Financial behaviour, Financial attitude, Trust, Attentiveness, and Awareness are the financial literacy factors that have a significant positive influence on online banking customers’ Risk-perception and ability to detect online banking fraud. The empirical results of this study establish the following predictors or determinants of online banking customers’ Risk-perception and ability to detect online banking fraud, namely: Trust, Awareness and Attentiveness. In doing so, this research contributes to validating the notion that certain financial literacy factors could be important to take into consideration in order to assist online banking customers to be less vulnerable by being able to assess the risk and fraud associated with using online banking services. This study theoretically contributes to the body of knowledge on financial literacy and online banking and online banking fraud in general and the influence of financial literacy factors on online banking customers’ ability to detect online banking fraud in particular in a South African context. This study will enable banks and their online banking customers to gain a better understanding of the impact of financial literacy on customers' levels of risk-perception concerning online banking fraud. This understanding could subsequently improve their awareness, attentiveness and ability to detect online banking fraud and, consequently, reduce the risk of online banking victimisation. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The linkages between film and tourism in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Derrocks, Rene
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Tourism and motion pictures -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Tourism -- Decision making , Tourism -- Management -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64940 , vital:73988
- Description: This dissertation puts forward empirical research conducted about the linkages between film and tourism. The aim of the study is to explore the potential opportunities for tourism as a result of the utilisation of the tourism destination for film purposes. The destination is called Nelson Mandela Bay which is situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and comprises of Gqeberha, Kariega and Despatch. It is pertinent to note that in South Africa, the cities of Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban are successfully utilising film to promote tourism, however research conducted for government purposes indicates that Nelson Mandela Bay has not utilised this opportunity optimally. In this research a potential strategy for film and tourism in Nelson Mandela Bay is explored through evaluating best practices in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban. This is against the background of international best practices which guide the tourism organisations involved with film in these cities. The research followed a qualitative research approach that utilised interviews and a subsequent focus group discussion to collect data. The findings clearly indicate that film and tourism linkages are present in NMB but that a strategy should be developed for consideration that would guide NMB in terms of capitalising on the relationship between film and tourism. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Derrocks, Rene
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Tourism and motion pictures -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Tourism -- Decision making , Tourism -- Management -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64940 , vital:73988
- Description: This dissertation puts forward empirical research conducted about the linkages between film and tourism. The aim of the study is to explore the potential opportunities for tourism as a result of the utilisation of the tourism destination for film purposes. The destination is called Nelson Mandela Bay which is situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and comprises of Gqeberha, Kariega and Despatch. It is pertinent to note that in South Africa, the cities of Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban are successfully utilising film to promote tourism, however research conducted for government purposes indicates that Nelson Mandela Bay has not utilised this opportunity optimally. In this research a potential strategy for film and tourism in Nelson Mandela Bay is explored through evaluating best practices in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban. This is against the background of international best practices which guide the tourism organisations involved with film in these cities. The research followed a qualitative research approach that utilised interviews and a subsequent focus group discussion to collect data. The findings clearly indicate that film and tourism linkages are present in NMB but that a strategy should be developed for consideration that would guide NMB in terms of capitalising on the relationship between film and tourism. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The perceived impact of subject choice on no-fee high schools and learners in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Roach, Pamela Ann
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: High school students -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa) , High school teaching -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa) , Education -- South Africa -- Evaluation , Prediction of scholastic success Academic achievement
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65523 , vital:74184
- Description: The type of high school students attend, the subjects they complete in Grade 12, and the level of intellectual, emotional, and physical resources they can access in their home environments can impact a learner’s post-school education and training (PSET) success. Subject choice has been identified as one of the factors influencing the extent of learners’ opportunities at the further education and training (FET) level and later also at the PSET level. This study explored the perceived impact of learners’ subject-choice decisions at no-fee high schools in Nelson Mandela Bay. Systems theory, including systems thinking and supply chain management, and choice theory were used in exploring subject choice in the education service supply chain system. The degree to which subject choice was a limiter or expander of a learner’s options when moving from a high school to a post-school environment was explored. A qualitative exploratory, descriptive approach was used to assess subject choice processes in the education supply chain system. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to recruit nine participants from three no-fee high schools in Nelson Mandela Bay. Data was collected through open-ended individual interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: Challenges, Power, Resources, and Fear of Failure. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Roach, Pamela Ann
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: High school students -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa) , High school teaching -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa) , Education -- South Africa -- Evaluation , Prediction of scholastic success Academic achievement
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65523 , vital:74184
- Description: The type of high school students attend, the subjects they complete in Grade 12, and the level of intellectual, emotional, and physical resources they can access in their home environments can impact a learner’s post-school education and training (PSET) success. Subject choice has been identified as one of the factors influencing the extent of learners’ opportunities at the further education and training (FET) level and later also at the PSET level. This study explored the perceived impact of learners’ subject-choice decisions at no-fee high schools in Nelson Mandela Bay. Systems theory, including systems thinking and supply chain management, and choice theory were used in exploring subject choice in the education service supply chain system. The degree to which subject choice was a limiter or expander of a learner’s options when moving from a high school to a post-school environment was explored. A qualitative exploratory, descriptive approach was used to assess subject choice processes in the education supply chain system. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to recruit nine participants from three no-fee high schools in Nelson Mandela Bay. Data was collected through open-ended individual interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: Challenges, Power, Resources, and Fear of Failure. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The role of community-based organisations in addressing youth unemployment: a case of Duncan Village and Gompo Township in the Buffalo City Metro
- Authors: Nkosi, Sibongile Charity
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Community-based organisations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- East London , Youth -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- East London , Unemployed youth -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- East London
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65314 , vital:74091
- Description: Youth unemployment continues to be a challenge and a complex problem driven by myriad issues despite significant investments into policies and programmes on both the demand and supply side of the labour market. There is a recognition among scholars that partnerships by all actors (such as government, private sector, and communities) through community-based organisations (CBOs) have the potential to significantly contribute to tackling youth unemployment. Yet there is scant research on the role of CBOs in tackling this challenge. Much research focus has been on the state and the private sector roles, and less attention on CBOs despite their proximity to communities directly affected by youth unemployment. However, it has become apparent that understanding the role of CBOs is essential in designing impactful and sustainable youth employment interventions. This research endeavoured to fill a void in the existing literature by examining how CBOs address youth unemployment in the Duncan Village and Gompo Township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The underpinning theoretical framework that guided the study was community development and participation and empowerment approaches. A case study design was utilised to undertake the research. A total of 20 participants (CBOs, youth, government officials, and business sector representatives) were interviewed. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse collected data, which entailed coding and the development of categories or themes. The ATLAS.ti computer software aided this process. The findings indicated that numerous CBOs offer youths work readiness programmes, agricultural education, and training on important skills such as effective communication, time management, teamwork, and business skills, among others. These programmes equip young people with work experience and provide financial support in the form of stipends. Additionally, they keep them occupied and productive to deter engagement in criminal activity and substance abuse. The study's findings bring forth information to the policymakers and social actors on how interventions implemented by CBOs contribute to addressing youths’ needs due to their proximity to communities. Also, recommendations highlight ways for CBOs to improve their support and the contribution of the government and private sector, as well as emphasise the significance of partnerships in effectively addressing youth unemployment through community-led initiatives. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Nkosi, Sibongile Charity
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Community-based organisations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- East London , Youth -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- East London , Unemployed youth -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- East London
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65314 , vital:74091
- Description: Youth unemployment continues to be a challenge and a complex problem driven by myriad issues despite significant investments into policies and programmes on both the demand and supply side of the labour market. There is a recognition among scholars that partnerships by all actors (such as government, private sector, and communities) through community-based organisations (CBOs) have the potential to significantly contribute to tackling youth unemployment. Yet there is scant research on the role of CBOs in tackling this challenge. Much research focus has been on the state and the private sector roles, and less attention on CBOs despite their proximity to communities directly affected by youth unemployment. However, it has become apparent that understanding the role of CBOs is essential in designing impactful and sustainable youth employment interventions. This research endeavoured to fill a void in the existing literature by examining how CBOs address youth unemployment in the Duncan Village and Gompo Township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The underpinning theoretical framework that guided the study was community development and participation and empowerment approaches. A case study design was utilised to undertake the research. A total of 20 participants (CBOs, youth, government officials, and business sector representatives) were interviewed. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse collected data, which entailed coding and the development of categories or themes. The ATLAS.ti computer software aided this process. The findings indicated that numerous CBOs offer youths work readiness programmes, agricultural education, and training on important skills such as effective communication, time management, teamwork, and business skills, among others. These programmes equip young people with work experience and provide financial support in the form of stipends. Additionally, they keep them occupied and productive to deter engagement in criminal activity and substance abuse. The study's findings bring forth information to the policymakers and social actors on how interventions implemented by CBOs contribute to addressing youths’ needs due to their proximity to communities. Also, recommendations highlight ways for CBOs to improve their support and the contribution of the government and private sector, as well as emphasise the significance of partnerships in effectively addressing youth unemployment through community-led initiatives. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The role of microfinance in women empowerment in Gqeberha, South Africa
- Munyoro, Ruvimbonashe Doreen
- Authors: Munyoro, Ruvimbonashe Doreen
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Microfinance -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Empowerment -- Women , Women executives , Businesswomen
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65274 , vital:74085
- Description: This research studied the role of microfinance in women empowerment in Gqeberha, in Nelson Mandela Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Various development strategies and approaches have been devised across the world, aimed at empowering women and eradicating poverty, particularly in developing countries. One of these development strategies is microfinance. Microfinance has provided financial assistance through loans to people, unable to access formal financial banks. Empowering women to participate fully in their economies is not only essential to building economies but to achieving the internationally agreed goals for development, human rights and sustainability. The inclusion of women empowerment and poverty alleviation in the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals demonstrates the importance of poverty alleviation (SDG1) and women empowerment (SDG5) in the development of economies across the world. This qualitative research study collected data, using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with 30 beneficiaries of MFIs and three MFI managers in Gqeberha. The sampling method used were non-probability purposive sampling, and the data were analysed through content analysis and descriptive statistics. The results suggest that microfinance through micro-loans and micro-business loans has had a positive role in the empowerment of women through the ease of access to finance through small loans. However, a gap exists in the market for long-term loans which could aid with starting small businesses and give the beneficiary more financial independence, improving their livelihood. It is recommended that MFIs across Gqeberha offer loans in the form of start-up capital and financial advice or education. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Munyoro, Ruvimbonashe Doreen
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Microfinance -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Empowerment -- Women , Women executives , Businesswomen
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65274 , vital:74085
- Description: This research studied the role of microfinance in women empowerment in Gqeberha, in Nelson Mandela Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Various development strategies and approaches have been devised across the world, aimed at empowering women and eradicating poverty, particularly in developing countries. One of these development strategies is microfinance. Microfinance has provided financial assistance through loans to people, unable to access formal financial banks. Empowering women to participate fully in their economies is not only essential to building economies but to achieving the internationally agreed goals for development, human rights and sustainability. The inclusion of women empowerment and poverty alleviation in the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals demonstrates the importance of poverty alleviation (SDG1) and women empowerment (SDG5) in the development of economies across the world. This qualitative research study collected data, using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with 30 beneficiaries of MFIs and three MFI managers in Gqeberha. The sampling method used were non-probability purposive sampling, and the data were analysed through content analysis and descriptive statistics. The results suggest that microfinance through micro-loans and micro-business loans has had a positive role in the empowerment of women through the ease of access to finance through small loans. However, a gap exists in the market for long-term loans which could aid with starting small businesses and give the beneficiary more financial independence, improving their livelihood. It is recommended that MFIs across Gqeberha offer loans in the form of start-up capital and financial advice or education. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The role of street trading in sustaining livelihoods in Kouga Local Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Seteni, Vuyo Michael
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Street vendors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65401 , vital:74132
- Description: South Africa is experiencing an exponential growth of the street trading business. Subsequently, in every corner of the central business a street trader is found and Kouga Local Municipality is no exception to this phenomenon. For this reason, the study investigated the contribution of street trading in sustaining livelihoods in Kouga Local Municipality. This was achieved by investigating the factors that contribute to street traders’ sales income, thereafter, determining the impact of income derived from street trading on the household. Furthermore, the study investigated the socio-economic status of street traders in Kouga Local Municipality to understand the role played by the Municipality in sustaining the livelihoods of street traders. In achieving the objectives the study employed a mixed methods research design, incorporating qualitative data collection and a combination of content and statistical data analysis. In collecting the data, the study included participants who were engaged in street trading in Kouga Local Municipality. Participants eligible to partake in the study were over 18 years of age. The study targeted a sample size of 30 participants. With regards to the data collection tool, a closed ended questionnaire was used to solicit the information. Physical interviews were deemed necessary because of the limited educational background of many street traders. The findings revealed that the street traders derived an income greater than R945.00 per month. This proved that street trading had the capability to mitigate poverty in Kouga Local Municipality, as the most of the street traders earned a sufficient income to live above the food poverty line, which equates to R663 and also the lower bound poverty line, which equates to R945.00. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Seteni, Vuyo Michael
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Street vendors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65401 , vital:74132
- Description: South Africa is experiencing an exponential growth of the street trading business. Subsequently, in every corner of the central business a street trader is found and Kouga Local Municipality is no exception to this phenomenon. For this reason, the study investigated the contribution of street trading in sustaining livelihoods in Kouga Local Municipality. This was achieved by investigating the factors that contribute to street traders’ sales income, thereafter, determining the impact of income derived from street trading on the household. Furthermore, the study investigated the socio-economic status of street traders in Kouga Local Municipality to understand the role played by the Municipality in sustaining the livelihoods of street traders. In achieving the objectives the study employed a mixed methods research design, incorporating qualitative data collection and a combination of content and statistical data analysis. In collecting the data, the study included participants who were engaged in street trading in Kouga Local Municipality. Participants eligible to partake in the study were over 18 years of age. The study targeted a sample size of 30 participants. With regards to the data collection tool, a closed ended questionnaire was used to solicit the information. Physical interviews were deemed necessary because of the limited educational background of many street traders. The findings revealed that the street traders derived an income greater than R945.00 per month. This proved that street trading had the capability to mitigate poverty in Kouga Local Municipality, as the most of the street traders earned a sufficient income to live above the food poverty line, which equates to R663 and also the lower bound poverty line, which equates to R945.00. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
The role of sustainability perceptions of employees in corporate sustainability
- Authors: Cronjé, René
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Corporations -- Environmental aspects , Corporate governance -- Environmental aspects , Sustainability , Climatic changes Environmental economics -- South Africa Sustainability -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64918 , vital:73959
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between employees' perception of environmental sustainability and pro-environmental behaviour within the corporate business environment of South Africa and its influence on a company’s corporate sustainability efforts. The study will follow a case study approach involving the employees of a corporate state-owned company in the logistics industry of the Nelson Mandela Bay area. In doing so the study attempts to better understand why enterprises, in their attempts to promote corporate sustainability, face challenges in aligning their variety of sustainability strategies, policies, and initiatives with employees' willingness to implement these measures or engage in pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace. To delve deeper into this issue the study also explores potential reasons for differences in perceptions by examining potential correlations between perceptions of environmental sustainability and pro-environmental behaviour, considering demographic factors such as gender, age, education, and work experience. The collective findings of the study underscore a positive relationship between employees’ environmental perception and their engagement in pro-environmental behaviour. This suggests that individuals who express a higher degree of concern for environmental issues are more likely to adopt and engage in environmentally-friendly behaviours. However, a notable disconnect was identified between awareness and action, highlighting variability in the extent to which perception translates into active pro-environmental behaviour. While environmental perception serves as a strong motivator, there is evident room for improvement in translating these concerns into concrete actions within the corporate setting. These insights emphasise the importance of addressing both attitudes and behaviours in the context of environmental sustainability. Thus, to enhance corporate sustainability efforts, it is imperative for companies to bridge the gap between environmental perception and action among their employees. The demographic variables (gender, age, education, and work experience) showed no significant influence on environmental perception or pro-environmental behaviour in this study, however these empirical findings challenge common findings in the existent literature, thus emphasising the need for a more nuanced understanding of the subject, within specific contexts. Recommendations for future studies include: larger sample sizes for robust findings; exploration of the influence of academic disciplines; consideration of household income and cultural differences; and broadening the study to multiple departments in order to gather more , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Cronjé, René
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Corporations -- Environmental aspects , Corporate governance -- Environmental aspects , Sustainability , Climatic changes Environmental economics -- South Africa Sustainability -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64918 , vital:73959
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between employees' perception of environmental sustainability and pro-environmental behaviour within the corporate business environment of South Africa and its influence on a company’s corporate sustainability efforts. The study will follow a case study approach involving the employees of a corporate state-owned company in the logistics industry of the Nelson Mandela Bay area. In doing so the study attempts to better understand why enterprises, in their attempts to promote corporate sustainability, face challenges in aligning their variety of sustainability strategies, policies, and initiatives with employees' willingness to implement these measures or engage in pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace. To delve deeper into this issue the study also explores potential reasons for differences in perceptions by examining potential correlations between perceptions of environmental sustainability and pro-environmental behaviour, considering demographic factors such as gender, age, education, and work experience. The collective findings of the study underscore a positive relationship between employees’ environmental perception and their engagement in pro-environmental behaviour. This suggests that individuals who express a higher degree of concern for environmental issues are more likely to adopt and engage in environmentally-friendly behaviours. However, a notable disconnect was identified between awareness and action, highlighting variability in the extent to which perception translates into active pro-environmental behaviour. While environmental perception serves as a strong motivator, there is evident room for improvement in translating these concerns into concrete actions within the corporate setting. These insights emphasise the importance of addressing both attitudes and behaviours in the context of environmental sustainability. Thus, to enhance corporate sustainability efforts, it is imperative for companies to bridge the gap between environmental perception and action among their employees. The demographic variables (gender, age, education, and work experience) showed no significant influence on environmental perception or pro-environmental behaviour in this study, however these empirical findings challenge common findings in the existent literature, thus emphasising the need for a more nuanced understanding of the subject, within specific contexts. Recommendations for future studies include: larger sample sizes for robust findings; exploration of the influence of academic disciplines; consideration of household income and cultural differences; and broadening the study to multiple departments in order to gather more , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
A case study of how to implement continuous improvement initiatives
- Authors: Ntsoane, Makobe Collen
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Employee morale , Incentives in industry , Corporate culture
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65902 , vital:74282
- Description: The aim of this study was to establish an understanding of the critical success factors of how to successfully implement and sustain continuous improvement projects at the Festive poultry processing plant using the 20 Keys continuous improvement (CI) tool. There are many continuous improvements in methodologies such as lean, 20 Keys , TQM and business process re-engineering. However, it has proven difficult for numerous businesses globally. Festive, a division of Astral Foods, a poultry processing plant, attempted to implement the 20 Keys , a continuous improvement methodology, and it was no exception as it was added to the list of unsuccessful companies. Because of the failed attempt to implement 20 Keys at Festive and many other manufacturing businesses, which attempted to introduce CI initiatives but ultimately failed, factors such as management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture have been revealed by the literature review as contributors to continuous improvement initiatives’ successful or unsuccessful implementation. A case study methodology was applied in this study to understand the real-life context of the failed implementation of Continuous Improvement at Festive. Furthermore, it aimed to explore and explain complex causal links of training, rewards and recognition, organisational culture and management support which can positively impact the implementation of 20 Keys within the poultry processing industry or any manufacturing industry. A mixed method was followed through an online survey and in-depth interviews. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture all were related and influenced continuous improvement implementation. Furthermore, companywide training, rewards and recognition proved to be the most significant challenge, resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of 20 Keys. The findings revealed that implementing continuous improvement is not immediate and entails all employees being adequately involved in the entire process from the start. The main finding at Festive was that when implementing the 20 Keys continuous , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023 , The aim of this study was to establish an understanding of the critical success factors of how to successfully implement and sustain continuous improvement projects at the Festive poultry processing plant using the 20 Keys continuous improvement (CI) tool. There are many continuous improvements in methodologies such as lean, 20 Keys , TQM and business process re-engineering. However, it has proven difficult for numerous businesses globally. Festive, a division of Astral Foods, a poultry processing plant, attempted to implement the 20 Keys , a continuous improvement methodology, and it was no exception as it was added to the list of unsuccessful companies. Because of the failed attempt to implement 20 Keys at Festive and many other manufacturing businesses, which attempted to introduce CI initiatives but ultimately failed, factors such as management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture have been revealed by the literature review as contributors to continuous improvement initiatives’ successful or unsuccessful implementation. A case study methodology was applied in this study to understand the real-life context of the failed implementation of Continuous Improvement at Festive. Furthermore, it aimed to explore and explain complex causal links of training, rewards and recognition, organisational culture and management support which can positively impact the implementation of 20 Keys within the poultry processing industry or any manufacturing industry. A mixed method was followed through an online survey and in-depth interviews. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture all were related and influenced continuous improvement implementation. Furthermore, companywide training, rewards and recognition proved to be the most significant challenge, resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of 20 Keys. The findings revealed that implementing continuous improvement is not immediate and entails all employees being adequately involved in the entire process from the start. The main finding at Festive was that when implementing the 20 Keys continuous improvement tool, the training provided was inadequate and mainly focused on managers and not staff. Furthermore, the lack of a rewards and recognition strategy, linked to continuous improvement goals, contributed to resistance to change in the culture and an inability to adapt to change. Misalignment between managers and staff regarding what contributes to successful continuous improvement initiatives, such as training, management involvement and rewards and recognition, was also found to be a contributor to the unsuccessful implementation of continuous improvement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Ntsoane, Makobe Collen
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Employee morale , Incentives in industry , Corporate culture
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65902 , vital:74282
- Description: The aim of this study was to establish an understanding of the critical success factors of how to successfully implement and sustain continuous improvement projects at the Festive poultry processing plant using the 20 Keys continuous improvement (CI) tool. There are many continuous improvements in methodologies such as lean, 20 Keys , TQM and business process re-engineering. However, it has proven difficult for numerous businesses globally. Festive, a division of Astral Foods, a poultry processing plant, attempted to implement the 20 Keys , a continuous improvement methodology, and it was no exception as it was added to the list of unsuccessful companies. Because of the failed attempt to implement 20 Keys at Festive and many other manufacturing businesses, which attempted to introduce CI initiatives but ultimately failed, factors such as management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture have been revealed by the literature review as contributors to continuous improvement initiatives’ successful or unsuccessful implementation. A case study methodology was applied in this study to understand the real-life context of the failed implementation of Continuous Improvement at Festive. Furthermore, it aimed to explore and explain complex causal links of training, rewards and recognition, organisational culture and management support which can positively impact the implementation of 20 Keys within the poultry processing industry or any manufacturing industry. A mixed method was followed through an online survey and in-depth interviews. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture all were related and influenced continuous improvement implementation. Furthermore, companywide training, rewards and recognition proved to be the most significant challenge, resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of 20 Keys. The findings revealed that implementing continuous improvement is not immediate and entails all employees being adequately involved in the entire process from the start. The main finding at Festive was that when implementing the 20 Keys continuous , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023 , The aim of this study was to establish an understanding of the critical success factors of how to successfully implement and sustain continuous improvement projects at the Festive poultry processing plant using the 20 Keys continuous improvement (CI) tool. There are many continuous improvements in methodologies such as lean, 20 Keys , TQM and business process re-engineering. However, it has proven difficult for numerous businesses globally. Festive, a division of Astral Foods, a poultry processing plant, attempted to implement the 20 Keys , a continuous improvement methodology, and it was no exception as it was added to the list of unsuccessful companies. Because of the failed attempt to implement 20 Keys at Festive and many other manufacturing businesses, which attempted to introduce CI initiatives but ultimately failed, factors such as management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture have been revealed by the literature review as contributors to continuous improvement initiatives’ successful or unsuccessful implementation. A case study methodology was applied in this study to understand the real-life context of the failed implementation of Continuous Improvement at Festive. Furthermore, it aimed to explore and explain complex causal links of training, rewards and recognition, organisational culture and management support which can positively impact the implementation of 20 Keys within the poultry processing industry or any manufacturing industry. A mixed method was followed through an online survey and in-depth interviews. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture all were related and influenced continuous improvement implementation. Furthermore, companywide training, rewards and recognition proved to be the most significant challenge, resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of 20 Keys. The findings revealed that implementing continuous improvement is not immediate and entails all employees being adequately involved in the entire process from the start. The main finding at Festive was that when implementing the 20 Keys continuous improvement tool, the training provided was inadequate and mainly focused on managers and not staff. Furthermore, the lack of a rewards and recognition strategy, linked to continuous improvement goals, contributed to resistance to change in the culture and an inability to adapt to change. Misalignment between managers and staff regarding what contributes to successful continuous improvement initiatives, such as training, management involvement and rewards and recognition, was also found to be a contributor to the unsuccessful implementation of continuous improvement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
A framework to improve supply chain performance through lead time management in Ugandan public health institutions
- Authors: Kabagenyi, Dorothy
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing -- Management , Business logistics -- Uganda , Medical care -- Uganda , Industrial procurement Inventory control
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65633 , vital:74213
- Description: A well-organised public healthcare supply chain leads to easy accessibility of medical supplies. In order to have healthy populations, it is important for governments to have the required medical supplies in their healthcare facilities at the required time. As such, appropriate lead time management by supply chain actors greatly improves supply chain performance. However, the current public healthcare supply chains in Uganda have challenges that lead to poor quality and inefficient public health supply chain performance. The primary objective of this study was to develop an implementation framework to guide public health institutions in improving supply chain performance through lead time management in Uganda. The study also sought to determine the influence of supply chain optimisation on lead time management. It also sought to examine the influence of supply chain dynamic capabilities on lead time management. The study further examined the influence of supplier performance on lead time management, and sought to examine the influence of lead time management on supply chain performance. The study also sought to assess the mediating effect of lead time management on the relationship between supply chain dynamic capabilities and overall supply chain performance, between supply chain optimisation and overall supply chain performance, as well as between supplier performance and overall supply chain performance. Lastly, the study sought to assess the mediation effect of supply chain optimisation on the relationship between supplier performance and lead time management as well as between supply chain dynamic capabilities and lead time management. A positivist philosophy that allowed quantitative data to be collected from 340 respondents was used in this study. The study used both stratified sampling and simple random sampling without replacement to choose the public healthcare facilities as well as purposive sampling to select the final respondents for the study. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 for factor reduction and dimensional groupings. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis models were performed in the Analysis of Moments of Structure (AMOS Version 27) software for model fit assessments and hypotheses testing, respectively. A multiple regression analysis was performed in SPSS Version 25 software, and was used for comparison and confirmation of the weak and insignificant result obtained for the unsupported hypothesis (H4) in the SEM hypotheses tests. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Kabagenyi, Dorothy
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing -- Management , Business logistics -- Uganda , Medical care -- Uganda , Industrial procurement Inventory control
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65633 , vital:74213
- Description: A well-organised public healthcare supply chain leads to easy accessibility of medical supplies. In order to have healthy populations, it is important for governments to have the required medical supplies in their healthcare facilities at the required time. As such, appropriate lead time management by supply chain actors greatly improves supply chain performance. However, the current public healthcare supply chains in Uganda have challenges that lead to poor quality and inefficient public health supply chain performance. The primary objective of this study was to develop an implementation framework to guide public health institutions in improving supply chain performance through lead time management in Uganda. The study also sought to determine the influence of supply chain optimisation on lead time management. It also sought to examine the influence of supply chain dynamic capabilities on lead time management. The study further examined the influence of supplier performance on lead time management, and sought to examine the influence of lead time management on supply chain performance. The study also sought to assess the mediating effect of lead time management on the relationship between supply chain dynamic capabilities and overall supply chain performance, between supply chain optimisation and overall supply chain performance, as well as between supplier performance and overall supply chain performance. Lastly, the study sought to assess the mediation effect of supply chain optimisation on the relationship between supplier performance and lead time management as well as between supply chain dynamic capabilities and lead time management. A positivist philosophy that allowed quantitative data to be collected from 340 respondents was used in this study. The study used both stratified sampling and simple random sampling without replacement to choose the public healthcare facilities as well as purposive sampling to select the final respondents for the study. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 for factor reduction and dimensional groupings. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis models were performed in the Analysis of Moments of Structure (AMOS Version 27) software for model fit assessments and hypotheses testing, respectively. A multiple regression analysis was performed in SPSS Version 25 software, and was used for comparison and confirmation of the weak and insignificant result obtained for the unsupported hypothesis (H4) in the SEM hypotheses tests. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
An alternative model for the financial sustainability of social services sector NGOs in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Kagande, Albert Tafadzwa
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa , Accounting -- Social aspects , Sustainability
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65644 , vital:74217
- Description: The work of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) is traditionally deemed “unprofitable”, yet they provide valuable services to communities. With an exponentially growing NGO sector of more than 270 000 NGOs, of which 40% are social service sector NGOs, and an increased demand for NGO services, a decrease in government and donor funding has heightened the debate on the need for financial sustainability of NGOs in South Africa. NGOs are important development actors, and their financial sustainability is crucial as it ensures that the sector continues to be relevant and effective in ensuring that social needs are met. Using a mixed methods sequential explanatory research design, the study focused on the social services sector NGOs in the Eastern Cape with the aim of understanding their financial challenges and strategies being employed to address such and, in the process, develop an alternative model for the financial sustainability of these NGOs. A conceptual framework was developed from six theories which were used to explore the concept of financial sustainability drawing insights from the internal and external environment of the participating NGOs. These theories were used together to emphasise that no one theory could single-handedly and holistically explain the concept of the financial sustainability of social service sector NGOs. The use of multiple theories also came from the realisation that NGOs in South Africa, in general, are struggling to survive owing to a myriad of factors which include increased competition for resources and reduced funding from their traditional source. Furthermore, donor dependency, staff and organisational capacity, management practices and values, and the interplay of an NGO with its stakeholders and environment all have a bearing on financial sustainability. Being the poorest province in South Africa heightens the need for social services in the Eastern Cape. From the study, it was established that 48% of social services sector NGOs depended on government funding while only 16% had the capacity to generate their own income. However, depending on government funding was not sustainable and this was crippling the social services sector. The study also established that “young” NGOs struggled to secure funding when compared to their “mature” counterparts. In addition, staff capacity and the values of an organisation affected income generation and how funds were sourced. Lack of capacity to fundraise and/or implement commercial activities had affected the financial sustainability of the social sector NGOs. The interplay of an NGO and its stakeholders and environment also had a bearing on the financial sustainability of the sector. The study provides a multipronged approach and perspective to financial sustainability. The proposed financial sustainability model challenges social services sector NGOs to consciously reflect on their internal and external environments as well a come up with strategies that positively affect their financial sustainability. From the study, the strategies that were being implemented to realise financially sustainability included, retaining current donors, reaching out to new donors, innovative fundraising approaches, redesigning programme activities to include cost-recovery components, collaborating with other NGOs as well as commercial ventures. This study concludes that social services sector NGOs need all these approaches in addition to improving staff capacity and adopting a culture that enhances organisational performance. There is need to build a system where NGOs are adequately supported to do their work without worrying about income and where well-designed financial sustainability components help NGOs, funders, government and communities identify where change is needed. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Kagande, Albert Tafadzwa
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa , Accounting -- Social aspects , Sustainability
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65644 , vital:74217
- Description: The work of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) is traditionally deemed “unprofitable”, yet they provide valuable services to communities. With an exponentially growing NGO sector of more than 270 000 NGOs, of which 40% are social service sector NGOs, and an increased demand for NGO services, a decrease in government and donor funding has heightened the debate on the need for financial sustainability of NGOs in South Africa. NGOs are important development actors, and their financial sustainability is crucial as it ensures that the sector continues to be relevant and effective in ensuring that social needs are met. Using a mixed methods sequential explanatory research design, the study focused on the social services sector NGOs in the Eastern Cape with the aim of understanding their financial challenges and strategies being employed to address such and, in the process, develop an alternative model for the financial sustainability of these NGOs. A conceptual framework was developed from six theories which were used to explore the concept of financial sustainability drawing insights from the internal and external environment of the participating NGOs. These theories were used together to emphasise that no one theory could single-handedly and holistically explain the concept of the financial sustainability of social service sector NGOs. The use of multiple theories also came from the realisation that NGOs in South Africa, in general, are struggling to survive owing to a myriad of factors which include increased competition for resources and reduced funding from their traditional source. Furthermore, donor dependency, staff and organisational capacity, management practices and values, and the interplay of an NGO with its stakeholders and environment all have a bearing on financial sustainability. Being the poorest province in South Africa heightens the need for social services in the Eastern Cape. From the study, it was established that 48% of social services sector NGOs depended on government funding while only 16% had the capacity to generate their own income. However, depending on government funding was not sustainable and this was crippling the social services sector. The study also established that “young” NGOs struggled to secure funding when compared to their “mature” counterparts. In addition, staff capacity and the values of an organisation affected income generation and how funds were sourced. Lack of capacity to fundraise and/or implement commercial activities had affected the financial sustainability of the social sector NGOs. The interplay of an NGO and its stakeholders and environment also had a bearing on the financial sustainability of the sector. The study provides a multipronged approach and perspective to financial sustainability. The proposed financial sustainability model challenges social services sector NGOs to consciously reflect on their internal and external environments as well a come up with strategies that positively affect their financial sustainability. From the study, the strategies that were being implemented to realise financially sustainability included, retaining current donors, reaching out to new donors, innovative fundraising approaches, redesigning programme activities to include cost-recovery components, collaborating with other NGOs as well as commercial ventures. This study concludes that social services sector NGOs need all these approaches in addition to improving staff capacity and adopting a culture that enhances organisational performance. There is need to build a system where NGOs are adequately supported to do their work without worrying about income and where well-designed financial sustainability components help NGOs, funders, government and communities identify where change is needed. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
An application of the Mundell Fleming model in emerging market economies
- Authors: Tenderere, Morris
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Macroeconomics , Foreign exchange rates , International economic relations
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66039 , vital:74319
- Description: The core objective of this study was to test the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in emerging market economies. Despite its importance, no study has examined the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in emerging market economies, as far as this study is aware. The Mundell-Fleming model predicts that in an environment with freely floating exchange rates, a drop in interest rates will lead to capital flight, which in turn will result in a fall in the exchange rate and a rise in net exports. The model takes into account both the international flow of capital and the flow of goods and services that might have a big impact on the country. The model's theoretical foundations offer practical instruments for assessing the impact of economic policy in light of the adopted exchange rate regimes of a nation. The model plays a key role in anticipating the link between output, interest rates, and exchange rates. A quantitative approach using panel monthly data over the period 2000 to 2017 for five emerging countries was carried out. Brazil, Malaysia, China, India, and South Africa were the considered countries due to availability of data. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) were used to analyse the data. The study confirmed the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in the studied countries given a positive relationship between interest rate and portfolio investment. This result means that when interest rates rise, capital flows also increase. In addition, the confirmation of Mundell-Fleming model is reflected in the negative relationship between portfolio investment and the rate of exchange. The Mundell-Fleming model describes how movement of capital and exchange rates behave. The study recommended that to ease the threat of currency appreciation, the Central Banks in merging market economies must ensure that the domestic interest rate is always in line with the world interest rate. This will promote exchange rate stability and whenever there is an appreciation/depreciation the Central Banks must use interest rates to bring back the exchange rate to the desired rate. In emerging market economies, the reserve banks must employ what is referred to as the "sterilization" of capital flows to lessen the threat of currency appreciation. The local component of the monetary base (bank reserves plus currency) is decreased in a successful sterilization operation to counteract the reserve influx, at least temporarily. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Tenderere, Morris
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Macroeconomics , Foreign exchange rates , International economic relations
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66039 , vital:74319
- Description: The core objective of this study was to test the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in emerging market economies. Despite its importance, no study has examined the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in emerging market economies, as far as this study is aware. The Mundell-Fleming model predicts that in an environment with freely floating exchange rates, a drop in interest rates will lead to capital flight, which in turn will result in a fall in the exchange rate and a rise in net exports. The model takes into account both the international flow of capital and the flow of goods and services that might have a big impact on the country. The model's theoretical foundations offer practical instruments for assessing the impact of economic policy in light of the adopted exchange rate regimes of a nation. The model plays a key role in anticipating the link between output, interest rates, and exchange rates. A quantitative approach using panel monthly data over the period 2000 to 2017 for five emerging countries was carried out. Brazil, Malaysia, China, India, and South Africa were the considered countries due to availability of data. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) were used to analyse the data. The study confirmed the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in the studied countries given a positive relationship between interest rate and portfolio investment. This result means that when interest rates rise, capital flows also increase. In addition, the confirmation of Mundell-Fleming model is reflected in the negative relationship between portfolio investment and the rate of exchange. The Mundell-Fleming model describes how movement of capital and exchange rates behave. The study recommended that to ease the threat of currency appreciation, the Central Banks in merging market economies must ensure that the domestic interest rate is always in line with the world interest rate. This will promote exchange rate stability and whenever there is an appreciation/depreciation the Central Banks must use interest rates to bring back the exchange rate to the desired rate. In emerging market economies, the reserve banks must employ what is referred to as the "sterilization" of capital flows to lessen the threat of currency appreciation. The local component of the monetary base (bank reserves plus currency) is decreased in a successful sterilization operation to counteract the reserve influx, at least temporarily. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Analysis of export performance and its determinants in Uganda
- Authors: Mugambe, Kenneth
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Economics -- Uganda , Shipping -- Economic aspects -- Uganda , Exports -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65841 , vital:74273
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in the factor endowments, endo-genous factors and governance factors can explain the growth rates in export performance in Uga-nda. The study was guided by the objectives, which included examining the effect of factor endowments on export performance in Uganda, examining the effect of endogenous factors on export performance in Uganda and examining the effect of governance factors on Uganda’s export performance. From the theoretical review, the study benchmarks the growth frameworks of neo-classical theory, endogenous growth theory and institutionalist growth theory, which guided the formulation of the empirical growth models. The study followed a longitudinal research design with time series analysis. A longitudinal design was selected for this study to examine the determinants of exporting in Uganda from 1996 to 2021. The estimation was achieved by imple-menting the first instrumental variable generalised method moments (1V-GMM) on a linear dy-namic panel model through the specific-to-general modelling technique. Among the factors moti-vated by the neo-classical theory paradigm, estimates from this study indicate that foreign direct investment has a positive influence on Uganda’s export performance positively. At the same time, gross capital formation significantly reduces the growth of exports. On the other hand, labour force (in the final model) does not influence changes in export performance since it is insignificant. Among the endogenous growth factors, estimates show that higher exchange rates and inflation have a significant negative effect on Uganda’s export performance. Estimates indicate further that among the governance factors, control of corruption has no effect on Uganda’s export performance. On the other hand, government effectiveness (which also serves as regulatory quality) has a significant negative effect on export performance in that government efforts to im-prove its efficacy affect export performance negatively. So the study shows that variations in Uga-nda’s export performance can partially be explained by the neo-classical trade theory and the endogenous growth model with little influence from the institutional growth model, suggesting the incompleteness of the growth frameworks adopted in assessing the sources of export performance in Uganda. The regression results from Model 3 indicate that all the independent variables explain 77.21% (R Square = .7721) of the variations in export performance, implying that the remaining 22.79% explains other factors not considered in this study. In conclusion, factor endowments play a crucial role in driving Uganda’s export performance. Foreign direct investment consistently influences exports, underscoring the role of capital, technology and international market access in enhancing export competitiveness. However, the negative co-efficient for gross capital formation raises concerns about potential trade-offs between domestic investment and export promotion. In addition, the positive co-efficient for real effective exchange rate (REER) in Model 2 suggests that a favourable exchange rate enhances export competitiveness. This highlights the importance of exchange rate policies that promote stability and competitiveness. However, the mixed and marginal significance of REER in Model 3 indicates the presence of other factors influencing the relationship, emphasising the need for a comprehensive analysis of exchange rate dynamics. The negative co-efficients for inflation across the models imply that higher inflation rates may hinder export performance, emphasising the importance of maintaining price stability to preserve export competitiveness. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of policy recommendations for Uganda can be made. The country should prioritise export promotion initiatives as supported by the positive and significant influence of previous export performance and foreign direct investment on exports. The government could implement targeted policies and programmes to support export-oriented industries, provide incentives for export activities and facilitate market access for Ugandan goods and services. Uganda could attract more investments and stimulate export growth by fostering a conducive environment for exporters. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Mugambe, Kenneth
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Economics -- Uganda , Shipping -- Economic aspects -- Uganda , Exports -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65841 , vital:74273
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in the factor endowments, endo-genous factors and governance factors can explain the growth rates in export performance in Uga-nda. The study was guided by the objectives, which included examining the effect of factor endowments on export performance in Uganda, examining the effect of endogenous factors on export performance in Uganda and examining the effect of governance factors on Uganda’s export performance. From the theoretical review, the study benchmarks the growth frameworks of neo-classical theory, endogenous growth theory and institutionalist growth theory, which guided the formulation of the empirical growth models. The study followed a longitudinal research design with time series analysis. A longitudinal design was selected for this study to examine the determinants of exporting in Uganda from 1996 to 2021. The estimation was achieved by imple-menting the first instrumental variable generalised method moments (1V-GMM) on a linear dy-namic panel model through the specific-to-general modelling technique. Among the factors moti-vated by the neo-classical theory paradigm, estimates from this study indicate that foreign direct investment has a positive influence on Uganda’s export performance positively. At the same time, gross capital formation significantly reduces the growth of exports. On the other hand, labour force (in the final model) does not influence changes in export performance since it is insignificant. Among the endogenous growth factors, estimates show that higher exchange rates and inflation have a significant negative effect on Uganda’s export performance. Estimates indicate further that among the governance factors, control of corruption has no effect on Uganda’s export performance. On the other hand, government effectiveness (which also serves as regulatory quality) has a significant negative effect on export performance in that government efforts to im-prove its efficacy affect export performance negatively. So the study shows that variations in Uga-nda’s export performance can partially be explained by the neo-classical trade theory and the endogenous growth model with little influence from the institutional growth model, suggesting the incompleteness of the growth frameworks adopted in assessing the sources of export performance in Uganda. The regression results from Model 3 indicate that all the independent variables explain 77.21% (R Square = .7721) of the variations in export performance, implying that the remaining 22.79% explains other factors not considered in this study. In conclusion, factor endowments play a crucial role in driving Uganda’s export performance. Foreign direct investment consistently influences exports, underscoring the role of capital, technology and international market access in enhancing export competitiveness. However, the negative co-efficient for gross capital formation raises concerns about potential trade-offs between domestic investment and export promotion. In addition, the positive co-efficient for real effective exchange rate (REER) in Model 2 suggests that a favourable exchange rate enhances export competitiveness. This highlights the importance of exchange rate policies that promote stability and competitiveness. However, the mixed and marginal significance of REER in Model 3 indicates the presence of other factors influencing the relationship, emphasising the need for a comprehensive analysis of exchange rate dynamics. The negative co-efficients for inflation across the models imply that higher inflation rates may hinder export performance, emphasising the importance of maintaining price stability to preserve export competitiveness. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of policy recommendations for Uganda can be made. The country should prioritise export promotion initiatives as supported by the positive and significant influence of previous export performance and foreign direct investment on exports. The government could implement targeted policies and programmes to support export-oriented industries, provide incentives for export activities and facilitate market access for Ugandan goods and services. Uganda could attract more investments and stimulate export growth by fostering a conducive environment for exporters. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12