Exploring the experience of clients on fixed-dose combination antiretroviral drugs at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Macozoma, Wandile
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macozoma, Wandile
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
The moderating role of green consumer values in the relationship between green marketing and consumer behaviour:
- Ntshangase, Siyasanga Vuyiswa
- Authors: Ntshangase, Siyasanga Vuyiswa
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Green Consumer Values , Education institutions , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13105 , vital:77657
- Description: The study aimed to investigate the moderating role of green consumer values in the relationship between green marketing and consumer behaviour. The study focused on the important role of green consumer values in shaping environmentally conscious consumer actions, emphasizing the importance of considering these values in green marketing strategies.To achieve the aim, the study adopted a positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, and a causal research design. A survey technique was employed to gather primary data where a self-administered questionnaire was issued to 450 respondents who were purposefully sampled. The study’s sample constituted consumers that frequently visit hotels in the Eastern Cape. The key findings of the study suggest that there is a significant role that green marketing plays in consumer behaviour towards green products offered in hotels. Furthermore, the findings highlight how green consumer values influence consumers towards value-driven choices for sustainable practices in the hotel industry, high level of satisfaction and preference for green products. Based on the findings, government and the hospitality industry should implement policies that will provide incentives for hotels that practise sustainable measures. This could include free quarterly advertisement of green hotels, free hampers for consumers that make use of green hotels on a regularly basis, and a spa voucher for every new consumer. Government should also provide capital and resources to small businesses to upscale their establishments to meet green hotel standards, for instance provide funding for solar installation and for those who already have installed solar panels to be reimbursed a fraction of the amount they paid.This study makes a significant contribution by highlighting the important role of green consumer values as a moderator. It reveals how these values impact the relationship between green marketing strategies and consumer behaviour. The study provides valuable insights for marketers, emphasizing the need to align strategies with green consumer values to promote more effective and impactful responses from consumers towards environmentally friendly initiatives. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences, Business Management and Economics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ntshangase, Siyasanga Vuyiswa
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Green Consumer Values , Education institutions , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13105 , vital:77657
- Description: The study aimed to investigate the moderating role of green consumer values in the relationship between green marketing and consumer behaviour. The study focused on the important role of green consumer values in shaping environmentally conscious consumer actions, emphasizing the importance of considering these values in green marketing strategies.To achieve the aim, the study adopted a positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, and a causal research design. A survey technique was employed to gather primary data where a self-administered questionnaire was issued to 450 respondents who were purposefully sampled. The study’s sample constituted consumers that frequently visit hotels in the Eastern Cape. The key findings of the study suggest that there is a significant role that green marketing plays in consumer behaviour towards green products offered in hotels. Furthermore, the findings highlight how green consumer values influence consumers towards value-driven choices for sustainable practices in the hotel industry, high level of satisfaction and preference for green products. Based on the findings, government and the hospitality industry should implement policies that will provide incentives for hotels that practise sustainable measures. This could include free quarterly advertisement of green hotels, free hampers for consumers that make use of green hotels on a regularly basis, and a spa voucher for every new consumer. Government should also provide capital and resources to small businesses to upscale their establishments to meet green hotel standards, for instance provide funding for solar installation and for those who already have installed solar panels to be reimbursed a fraction of the amount they paid.This study makes a significant contribution by highlighting the important role of green consumer values as a moderator. It reveals how these values impact the relationship between green marketing strategies and consumer behaviour. The study provides valuable insights for marketers, emphasizing the need to align strategies with green consumer values to promote more effective and impactful responses from consumers towards environmentally friendly initiatives. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences, Business Management and Economics, 2024
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Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months in very and extremly low birth weight infants and determinants of breastfeeding practices at the Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Haughton, Anna-Marie
- Date: 2024-03
- Subjects: Brestfeeding Practices
- Language: English
- Type: Masters , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11065 , vital:75881
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Breastmilk provides adequate nutrition for the optimal growth and development of infants globally. Breastfeeding is an incomparable practice that cannot sufficiently be replaced by any other substance. Breastmilk and breastfeeding offer numerous medical and non-medical advantages that influence the welfare not only of infants, but also of women, their families and society. The last few decades have shown a worldwide increase in the birth and survival rate of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. These infants have an increased risk of adverse outcomes, thus necessitating optimal management including best feeding practices of this vulnerable population. AIM: This study assessed the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate in VLBW and ELBW infants at their corrected six months of age and aimed to identify reasons for premature cessation of EBF as well as appraising the association between maternal socio-demographic variables and breastfeeding practices. This study also investigated the type, volume and preparation of replacement feeds given to infants that were not EBF. iii METHOD: This retrospective, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between December 2017 to November 2018 at Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape. A comprehensive database was compiled with all the infants’ demographics and relevant maternal socio-demographic variables at birth. Information on the changeover of primary caregiver, feeding practices, reasons stated for premature discontinuation of EBF, and the infant’s anthropometry were documented at each follow up visit and included in the database. RESULTS: The prevalence of EBF at the corrected six month follow up was 22%. Insufficient breastmilk supply (23%, 43% and 13% at one, three and six months respectively) and maternal commitments to school or work (35%, 33% and 50% at one, three and six months respectively) were the predominant reasons stated by mothers for discontinuation of EBF. The number of other children a mother had was significantly related to EBF practices at months one and six (p = .029 and .025, respectively), and EBF was also significantly related to the level of maternal education at month three (p = .006). The percentage of mothers who breastfed exclusively was proportional to the number of other children they had, and inversely proportional to the level of their education. The volume of replacement feeds was known to be incorrect in over a third of cases at months one and three (35% and 34%, respectively), and in almost half of cases at month six (48%). Replacement feeds were being prepared most incorrectly at the three month follow up with almost half (46%) of these feeds being prepared iv inaccurately. These replacement feeds comprised of exclusive formula feeds (EFF) for 95% of cases that were not EBF at month one, 88% at month three, and 97% at month six. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EBF in VLBW and ELBW infants at six months in this study remains sub-optimal compared with other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and is much lower than the target set by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Factors that affected EBF practices in this study include mother’s perception of insufficient breastmilk supply, maternal commitments to work/school, the number of other children in the household as well as the level of maternal education. A combination of various interventions is urgently needed to effectively increase EBF rates in this population. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Authors: Haughton, Anna-Marie
- Date: 2024-03
- Subjects: Brestfeeding Practices
- Language: English
- Type: Masters , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11065 , vital:75881
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Breastmilk provides adequate nutrition for the optimal growth and development of infants globally. Breastfeeding is an incomparable practice that cannot sufficiently be replaced by any other substance. Breastmilk and breastfeeding offer numerous medical and non-medical advantages that influence the welfare not only of infants, but also of women, their families and society. The last few decades have shown a worldwide increase in the birth and survival rate of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. These infants have an increased risk of adverse outcomes, thus necessitating optimal management including best feeding practices of this vulnerable population. AIM: This study assessed the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate in VLBW and ELBW infants at their corrected six months of age and aimed to identify reasons for premature cessation of EBF as well as appraising the association between maternal socio-demographic variables and breastfeeding practices. This study also investigated the type, volume and preparation of replacement feeds given to infants that were not EBF. iii METHOD: This retrospective, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between December 2017 to November 2018 at Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape. A comprehensive database was compiled with all the infants’ demographics and relevant maternal socio-demographic variables at birth. Information on the changeover of primary caregiver, feeding practices, reasons stated for premature discontinuation of EBF, and the infant’s anthropometry were documented at each follow up visit and included in the database. RESULTS: The prevalence of EBF at the corrected six month follow up was 22%. Insufficient breastmilk supply (23%, 43% and 13% at one, three and six months respectively) and maternal commitments to school or work (35%, 33% and 50% at one, three and six months respectively) were the predominant reasons stated by mothers for discontinuation of EBF. The number of other children a mother had was significantly related to EBF practices at months one and six (p = .029 and .025, respectively), and EBF was also significantly related to the level of maternal education at month three (p = .006). The percentage of mothers who breastfed exclusively was proportional to the number of other children they had, and inversely proportional to the level of their education. The volume of replacement feeds was known to be incorrect in over a third of cases at months one and three (35% and 34%, respectively), and in almost half of cases at month six (48%). Replacement feeds were being prepared most incorrectly at the three month follow up with almost half (46%) of these feeds being prepared iv inaccurately. These replacement feeds comprised of exclusive formula feeds (EFF) for 95% of cases that were not EBF at month one, 88% at month three, and 97% at month six. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EBF in VLBW and ELBW infants at six months in this study remains sub-optimal compared with other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and is much lower than the target set by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Factors that affected EBF practices in this study include mother’s perception of insufficient breastmilk supply, maternal commitments to work/school, the number of other children in the household as well as the level of maternal education. A combination of various interventions is urgently needed to effectively increase EBF rates in this population. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
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Factors Influencing Enrolment In Rural Primary Schools In One Circuit, Port St. Johns Cmc, Or Tambo Coastal Education District
- Authors: Lungu, Simlindile Humphrey
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Collaboration, school culture, school merger, rationalisation, educator attrition, enrolment, rural, educators, learners.
- Language: English
- Type: Masters , Master of Education (M. Ed)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6244 , vital:45343
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing enrolment in rural primary schools in one Circuit in Port St. Johns CMC in OR Tambo Coastal Education District. The literature review looked into each of the following aspects of factors influencing enrolment in rural primary schools: challenges resulting in policy issues, the challenge of infrastructure, other factors that influence enrolment in rural school and strategies to overcome enrolment challenges in rural schools. The study was qualitative in nature and employed case study research design. Convenient sampling was used to select four rural primary schools in one Circuit in Port St. Johns Circuit Management Centre (CMC) in OR Tambo Education District. The principal, one (1) educator, one (1) parent and one (1) learner were purposively selected from each school and this made a total of sixteen (16) participants. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted to gather data about the views and opinions of the participants. Data were analysed using the interpretational analytical strategies. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants. The major findings were:When the number of learners decreases, the number of educators is also reduced proportionately as a results educators have to take more subjects.There was a negative effect of the relocation of parents, there was poor quality of teaching and learning, the effect of instability crippled normal functioning of the school, there was poor school management as the schools were hit by having no principals due to internal disputes, there were disruptions of teaching and learning due to instability in rural primary schools. The main recommendations are: Rural primary schools should gradually improve the quality of teaching and learning provisioning and arrest the decline in enrolment;At least each class should have an educator, so that discipline can be maintained in all classes; Given the highly technical nature of the process involved in determining the PPN of schools, the DBE, the Provincial Education Departments as well as educator unions should as a matter of priority engage in a massive campaign to capacitate principals on the application of the PPN and its related formula; An audit into the schools' physical infrastructure be conducted to redress the meaningful pedagogical environment of teaching and learning.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lungu, Simlindile Humphrey
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Collaboration, school culture, school merger, rationalisation, educator attrition, enrolment, rural, educators, learners.
- Language: English
- Type: Masters , Master of Education (M. Ed)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6244 , vital:45343
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing enrolment in rural primary schools in one Circuit in Port St. Johns CMC in OR Tambo Coastal Education District. The literature review looked into each of the following aspects of factors influencing enrolment in rural primary schools: challenges resulting in policy issues, the challenge of infrastructure, other factors that influence enrolment in rural school and strategies to overcome enrolment challenges in rural schools. The study was qualitative in nature and employed case study research design. Convenient sampling was used to select four rural primary schools in one Circuit in Port St. Johns Circuit Management Centre (CMC) in OR Tambo Education District. The principal, one (1) educator, one (1) parent and one (1) learner were purposively selected from each school and this made a total of sixteen (16) participants. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted to gather data about the views and opinions of the participants. Data were analysed using the interpretational analytical strategies. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants. The major findings were:When the number of learners decreases, the number of educators is also reduced proportionately as a results educators have to take more subjects.There was a negative effect of the relocation of parents, there was poor quality of teaching and learning, the effect of instability crippled normal functioning of the school, there was poor school management as the schools were hit by having no principals due to internal disputes, there were disruptions of teaching and learning due to instability in rural primary schools. The main recommendations are: Rural primary schools should gradually improve the quality of teaching and learning provisioning and arrest the decline in enrolment;At least each class should have an educator, so that discipline can be maintained in all classes; Given the highly technical nature of the process involved in determining the PPN of schools, the DBE, the Provincial Education Departments as well as educator unions should as a matter of priority engage in a massive campaign to capacitate principals on the application of the PPN and its related formula; An audit into the schools' physical infrastructure be conducted to redress the meaningful pedagogical environment of teaching and learning.
- Full Text:
Biogenic synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its effects on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Authors: Siguba, Busiswa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Biogenic synthesis -- Zebrafish , Nanoparticles – Silver , Zebrafish
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1339 , vital:32260
- Description: The increase in use and production of engineered nanoparticles in recent years points towards their inevitable release into freshwater ecosystems. Subsequently, exposure to organisms in freshwater ecosystems is to be expected. The aim of this dissertation was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using silver nitrate, gelatine and maltose as precursor, capping and reducing agent respectively. Cytotoxic effects of the as-synthesized AgNPs was evaluated at concentrations of 0.031 μg/L, 0.250 μg/L and 5.000 μg/L on selected target organs in zebrafish (Danio rerio ) after 96 hr of exposure, under a 24 hr static renewal system. Formation of AgNPs was investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which displayed absorption maxima peak characteristic of plasmon resonance band for silver at 419 nm. From transmission electron microscopy, AgNPs was found to be small, well dispersed and spherical in shape with a narrow size distribution, and an average particle size of3.76 ± 1.00 nm. Histopathological alterations following exposure to AgNPs was noticed in the gills, epidermis, muscle tissue and kidney. Secondary lamellae hypertrophy, oedema and epithelial lifting was observed in all experimental groups. Curling and clubbed tips of secondary lamellae were observed at the lowest concentration (0.031 μg/L). Hyperplasia and lamellae fusion was most common at the median concentration (0.250 μg/L) of AgNP exposure. Hypertrophy of endothelial cells along with blood vessel congestion was also observed. Reduced secondary lamellar length, lamellar erosion and thinning were observed at the highest concentration (5.000 μg/L).AgNP exposure also altered the shape of alarm cells. In addition, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of goblet cells were observed at the highest concentration (5.000 μg/L) at 96 hr. At 5.000 μg/L of AgNP, PAS reaction was intense (deep purple), while the number and size of these cells decreased. Staining with AB pH 2.5 demonstrated an intense deep purple staining at the lowest and at the median concentration (24 hr). Moderate staining was seen at the higher concentrations. Muscle bundles with severe oedema, their thickening and separation were more pronounced in all treated groups. Histopathological tubular deformation and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in kidney tissues. In addition; an increase in melano‐macrophage aggregation intensity was identified on the 48 hr in the treated groups. An increase in tubular epithelial cell regeneration/ proliferation, resulting in production of new epithelial cells which was indicative of recovering of kidney tissues from AgNP induced injury at 96 hr of exposure. Results presented here shows that fish respond to the presence of AgNPs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Siguba, Busiswa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Biogenic synthesis -- Zebrafish , Nanoparticles – Silver , Zebrafish
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1339 , vital:32260
- Description: The increase in use and production of engineered nanoparticles in recent years points towards their inevitable release into freshwater ecosystems. Subsequently, exposure to organisms in freshwater ecosystems is to be expected. The aim of this dissertation was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using silver nitrate, gelatine and maltose as precursor, capping and reducing agent respectively. Cytotoxic effects of the as-synthesized AgNPs was evaluated at concentrations of 0.031 μg/L, 0.250 μg/L and 5.000 μg/L on selected target organs in zebrafish (Danio rerio ) after 96 hr of exposure, under a 24 hr static renewal system. Formation of AgNPs was investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which displayed absorption maxima peak characteristic of plasmon resonance band for silver at 419 nm. From transmission electron microscopy, AgNPs was found to be small, well dispersed and spherical in shape with a narrow size distribution, and an average particle size of3.76 ± 1.00 nm. Histopathological alterations following exposure to AgNPs was noticed in the gills, epidermis, muscle tissue and kidney. Secondary lamellae hypertrophy, oedema and epithelial lifting was observed in all experimental groups. Curling and clubbed tips of secondary lamellae were observed at the lowest concentration (0.031 μg/L). Hyperplasia and lamellae fusion was most common at the median concentration (0.250 μg/L) of AgNP exposure. Hypertrophy of endothelial cells along with blood vessel congestion was also observed. Reduced secondary lamellar length, lamellar erosion and thinning were observed at the highest concentration (5.000 μg/L).AgNP exposure also altered the shape of alarm cells. In addition, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of goblet cells were observed at the highest concentration (5.000 μg/L) at 96 hr. At 5.000 μg/L of AgNP, PAS reaction was intense (deep purple), while the number and size of these cells decreased. Staining with AB pH 2.5 demonstrated an intense deep purple staining at the lowest and at the median concentration (24 hr). Moderate staining was seen at the higher concentrations. Muscle bundles with severe oedema, their thickening and separation were more pronounced in all treated groups. Histopathological tubular deformation and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in kidney tissues. In addition; an increase in melano‐macrophage aggregation intensity was identified on the 48 hr in the treated groups. An increase in tubular epithelial cell regeneration/ proliferation, resulting in production of new epithelial cells which was indicative of recovering of kidney tissues from AgNP induced injury at 96 hr of exposure. Results presented here shows that fish respond to the presence of AgNPs.
- Full Text:
Comparative study of phytochemical composition and insecticidal properties of Lemon species from Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal
- Authors: Nodola, Phumelele
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Phytochemical -- Insecticidal properties Lemon - - Species – Eastern Cape - - South Africa Citrus limon
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1348 , vital:32261
- Description: Citrus limon commonly known as lemon is the third most cultivated citrus genus in South Africa mainly cultivated for its juice. This study aims at analysing the chemical composition of Citrus limon waste (leaf and peel) and evaluation of their insecticidal properties. Leaves and peels of Eureka lemons were collected from three South African citrus farms (Addo, Riverside and Mystic), while Lisbon lemons were only collected from two citrus farms (Addo and Riverside) in 2017 and 2018. A total of 36 essential oils were extracted using the Clevenger like apparatus. Analyses of these oils were done using GCMS. An infusion extract of C. limon was prepared according to the standard method and subjected for phytochemical screening to detect and quantify secondary metabolites present. D-Limonene was the major compound identified in all the 36 oils from Eureka and Lisbon peels and leaves (27.9-74.8%). Other dominant compounds identified in Eureka leaf and peel oils were -pinene (5.8-13.2%), -terpinene (4.8-6.7%), geranial (4.0-15.4%), z-citral (6.7-11.7%), sabinene (4.5-6.3%), nerol (4.0-5.4%) and neryl acetate (6.3-9.5%). Some compounds were however present only in some oil such caryophyllene (6.5%) in Mystic dry leaf oil, geraniol (8.0%) in Addo dry leaf oil, as significant compounds. Lisbon leaf and peel essential oils -pinene (4.4- 11.8%), p-cymene (4.2-6.3%), -terpinene (4.4-6.9%), geranial (8.6-17.3%), z-citral (7.1-13.6%), neryl acetate (4.7-9.1%) (5.4-5.9%) were the other prominent peaks identified in the oils. These C. limon essential oils were further tested for insecticidal activities against maize weevils by conducting repellent assay, fumigant assay and contact toxicity; also plant viii powder was used against maize weevils. In general, for all the bioassay, mortality of the insect increased as the contact days with the oil increased. Contact toxicity assays of C. limon peel essential oils were most effective against S. zeamais in which all weevils were dead by day 3 (100% mortality) at 300 μL, while at other concentrations (50, 100, 200 μL) over 50% mortality was observed. The fumigant potential was high with the peel oil with over 50% mortality at 32 and 40 μL in day 4. The oil had moderate repellent effect on the maize weevil. Riverside Eureka dried powder peel was the most effect in all. These results unveil the medicinal potential of South African citrus waste in post-harvest crop protection and good sources of some chemical compounds which are of medicinal value. Furthermore, this study also reveals the economic potential of these wastes in job creation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nodola, Phumelele
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Phytochemical -- Insecticidal properties Lemon - - Species – Eastern Cape - - South Africa Citrus limon
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1348 , vital:32261
- Description: Citrus limon commonly known as lemon is the third most cultivated citrus genus in South Africa mainly cultivated for its juice. This study aims at analysing the chemical composition of Citrus limon waste (leaf and peel) and evaluation of their insecticidal properties. Leaves and peels of Eureka lemons were collected from three South African citrus farms (Addo, Riverside and Mystic), while Lisbon lemons were only collected from two citrus farms (Addo and Riverside) in 2017 and 2018. A total of 36 essential oils were extracted using the Clevenger like apparatus. Analyses of these oils were done using GCMS. An infusion extract of C. limon was prepared according to the standard method and subjected for phytochemical screening to detect and quantify secondary metabolites present. D-Limonene was the major compound identified in all the 36 oils from Eureka and Lisbon peels and leaves (27.9-74.8%). Other dominant compounds identified in Eureka leaf and peel oils were -pinene (5.8-13.2%), -terpinene (4.8-6.7%), geranial (4.0-15.4%), z-citral (6.7-11.7%), sabinene (4.5-6.3%), nerol (4.0-5.4%) and neryl acetate (6.3-9.5%). Some compounds were however present only in some oil such caryophyllene (6.5%) in Mystic dry leaf oil, geraniol (8.0%) in Addo dry leaf oil, as significant compounds. Lisbon leaf and peel essential oils -pinene (4.4- 11.8%), p-cymene (4.2-6.3%), -terpinene (4.4-6.9%), geranial (8.6-17.3%), z-citral (7.1-13.6%), neryl acetate (4.7-9.1%) (5.4-5.9%) were the other prominent peaks identified in the oils. These C. limon essential oils were further tested for insecticidal activities against maize weevils by conducting repellent assay, fumigant assay and contact toxicity; also plant viii powder was used against maize weevils. In general, for all the bioassay, mortality of the insect increased as the contact days with the oil increased. Contact toxicity assays of C. limon peel essential oils were most effective against S. zeamais in which all weevils were dead by day 3 (100% mortality) at 300 μL, while at other concentrations (50, 100, 200 μL) over 50% mortality was observed. The fumigant potential was high with the peel oil with over 50% mortality at 32 and 40 μL in day 4. The oil had moderate repellent effect on the maize weevil. Riverside Eureka dried powder peel was the most effect in all. These results unveil the medicinal potential of South African citrus waste in post-harvest crop protection and good sources of some chemical compounds which are of medicinal value. Furthermore, this study also reveals the economic potential of these wastes in job creation.
- Full Text:
Gender stereotyping in traditional healing practices
- Authors: Mayaba, Nothemba
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Gender identity -- Traditional healing -- Education Traditional medicines -- Primary health care Female traditional healers - - South Africa – Eastern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1354 , vital:32262
- Description: People residing in rural areas use traditional medicines as their primary health care. They consult traditional healers. Traditional healing is a gender-based practice, although both men and women engaged in this practice. In some communities there are more female traditional healers than male traditional healers, including Mhlontlo Local Municipality. The main aim of the study was to investigate gender stereotyping in traditional healing in Mhlontlo Local Municipality. This study also investigated the relationship between male and female traditional healers, challenges faced by female traditional healers, transfer of traditional knowledge by female traditional healers and traditional healers’ unions. Snowball sampling was used to identify and select 79 traditional healers from Mhlontlo Local Municipality. Data was gathered using a questionnaire. The majority of traditional healers in the study area were females. Most of them have primary education, some with secondary education, and others with no formal education, and few with tertiary school. Most traditional healers were between 46-60 years. Female traditional healers constitute 70% of the study. The majority of them see between 11 and 20 patients per month. Most of the traditional healers had an experience of 21-30 years in traditional healing. The study also revealed that female traditional healers experience challenges in traditional healing. Diviners and herbalists work together, this denotes a relationship between them. Female traditional healers also have a problem in transferring their knowledge and registering under traditional healers’ unions. In conclusion, the study found out that traditional healing is gender stereotyped. There are more diviners than herbalists, where most diviners are females and herbalists are males. There is no transfer of knowledge among diviners, as being a diviner is an ancestral calling.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mayaba, Nothemba
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Gender identity -- Traditional healing -- Education Traditional medicines -- Primary health care Female traditional healers - - South Africa – Eastern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1354 , vital:32262
- Description: People residing in rural areas use traditional medicines as their primary health care. They consult traditional healers. Traditional healing is a gender-based practice, although both men and women engaged in this practice. In some communities there are more female traditional healers than male traditional healers, including Mhlontlo Local Municipality. The main aim of the study was to investigate gender stereotyping in traditional healing in Mhlontlo Local Municipality. This study also investigated the relationship between male and female traditional healers, challenges faced by female traditional healers, transfer of traditional knowledge by female traditional healers and traditional healers’ unions. Snowball sampling was used to identify and select 79 traditional healers from Mhlontlo Local Municipality. Data was gathered using a questionnaire. The majority of traditional healers in the study area were females. Most of them have primary education, some with secondary education, and others with no formal education, and few with tertiary school. Most traditional healers were between 46-60 years. Female traditional healers constitute 70% of the study. The majority of them see between 11 and 20 patients per month. Most of the traditional healers had an experience of 21-30 years in traditional healing. The study also revealed that female traditional healers experience challenges in traditional healing. Diviners and herbalists work together, this denotes a relationship between them. Female traditional healers also have a problem in transferring their knowledge and registering under traditional healers’ unions. In conclusion, the study found out that traditional healing is gender stereotyped. There are more diviners than herbalists, where most diviners are females and herbalists are males. There is no transfer of knowledge among diviners, as being a diviner is an ancestral calling.
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Phytochemical Analysis and Biological potential of leaves and peels of three Eastern Cape Citrus Species
- Authors: Matuka, Thandiswa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Phytochemical -- Analysis Biology -- Leaves and peels Citrus species -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1362 , vital:32263
- Description: Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata and Citrus clementine are citrus species that belong to a large family Rutaceae. Citrus leaves and peels are often regarded as waste products. In view of the environment pollution impact, the search for end use of citrus waste products for economic value and medicinal purposes was sort after. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition of citrus waste products (leaves and peels) essential oils and determine biological active volatile compounds from Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata and Citrus clementine Leaves and peels of Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata and Citrus clementine collected twice from citrus farm were extracted for essential oils using hydrodistillation method and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for plant samples collected in 2016 and, gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) for plant samples collected in 2017. The oil yield for Citrus sinensis was 0.19 - 0.85 %v/w for fresh and dried leaf and peels for samples collected in 2016 and 0.26 – 0.87% v/w for those collected in 2017. Analysis of the essential oils analyses identified sabinene (20.4% GCMS, 22.6% GCMSMS), terpinen-4-ol (13.2% GCMS, 6.8% GCMSMS) and linalool (7.6% GCMS, 19.3% GCMSMS) as major compounds in fresh leaves essential oils while β-elemene (16.3% GCMS, 21.4% GCMSMS) and sabinene (10.7% GCMS, 20.8% GCMSMS) were major compounds characterized in dried leaves essential oils. Fresh and dried peels essential oils had limonene as the major constituent (49.6% GCMS, 87.1% GCMSMS) and (73.6% GCMS, 88.3% GCMSMS) respectively. Citrus reticulata essential oils percentage yield range between 0.44-0.80% v/w for fresh and dried leaf and peel oils. Analyses of the GCMS and GCMSMS chromatogram of the volatile oils analyses revealed linalool (33.4% GCMS, 19.6% GCMSMS), (+)-spathulenol (15.2% GCMS, 10.1% GCMSMS) and terpinene-4-ol (4.5% GCMS, 11.9% GCMSMS) as major compounds in fresh leaf essential oils while, sabinene (20.8% GCMS, 32.5% GCMSMS) and linalool (17.2% GCMS, 20.4% GCMSMS) were the major compounds found in dried leaf essential oils. Limonene (55.2%, 75.4% GCMS; 39.5%, 80.8% GCMSMS) was the major prominent compound identified in the C. reticulata peel essential oils in fresh and dried peels respectively, followed by linalool (12.8%, 2.9% GCMS; 48.4%, 7.4% GCMSMS). Percentage yields for the essential oils from C. clementine fresh and dried leaves and peels ranges from 0.40-0.62% v/w for. Fresh and dried leaves volatile oils had sabinene (22.7-27.1%) for GCMS and GCMSMS respectively), linalool (18.5- 20.9% GCMS and GCMSMS) and terpinene-4-ol (6.5- 11.8% GCMS and GCMSMS) as main compounds while fresh and dried peels oils were dominated by limonene (38.9- 86.5% GCMS and GCMSMS). Phytochemical screening experiment of the three citrus species leaves and peels aqueous extract reveal the prominent presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in high concentrations. C. reticulata and C. clementine peels and leaves volatile oils exhibited higher antioxidant activity as DPPH free radical scavengers and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) ability, when compared to C. sinensis essential oils which exhibited minimum antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of leaves and peels essential oils maybe due to the presence of oxygenated monoterpenes and high limonene content. C. sinensis peels oils showed non-toxic to extremely very low toxicity effect at highest dose 2000 mg/kg. C. reticulata and C. clementine peels oils showed toxicity effect in mice at high dose levels. It is suggested that citrus volatile oils could be safe to use at lower dose levels. Citrus species peels and leaves volatile compounds limonene linalool and sabinene exhibited antiinflammatory activity by significantly reducing rats paw oedema size induced by fresh egg albumin. The study suggests the use of Citrus waste products (leaves and peels) as natural antioxidants with antiinflammatory properties for medicinal value and volatile oils compounds for aroma in beverages and cosmetic industries.
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- Authors: Matuka, Thandiswa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Phytochemical -- Analysis Biology -- Leaves and peels Citrus species -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1362 , vital:32263
- Description: Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata and Citrus clementine are citrus species that belong to a large family Rutaceae. Citrus leaves and peels are often regarded as waste products. In view of the environment pollution impact, the search for end use of citrus waste products for economic value and medicinal purposes was sort after. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition of citrus waste products (leaves and peels) essential oils and determine biological active volatile compounds from Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata and Citrus clementine Leaves and peels of Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata and Citrus clementine collected twice from citrus farm were extracted for essential oils using hydrodistillation method and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for plant samples collected in 2016 and, gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) for plant samples collected in 2017. The oil yield for Citrus sinensis was 0.19 - 0.85 %v/w for fresh and dried leaf and peels for samples collected in 2016 and 0.26 – 0.87% v/w for those collected in 2017. Analysis of the essential oils analyses identified sabinene (20.4% GCMS, 22.6% GCMSMS), terpinen-4-ol (13.2% GCMS, 6.8% GCMSMS) and linalool (7.6% GCMS, 19.3% GCMSMS) as major compounds in fresh leaves essential oils while β-elemene (16.3% GCMS, 21.4% GCMSMS) and sabinene (10.7% GCMS, 20.8% GCMSMS) were major compounds characterized in dried leaves essential oils. Fresh and dried peels essential oils had limonene as the major constituent (49.6% GCMS, 87.1% GCMSMS) and (73.6% GCMS, 88.3% GCMSMS) respectively. Citrus reticulata essential oils percentage yield range between 0.44-0.80% v/w for fresh and dried leaf and peel oils. Analyses of the GCMS and GCMSMS chromatogram of the volatile oils analyses revealed linalool (33.4% GCMS, 19.6% GCMSMS), (+)-spathulenol (15.2% GCMS, 10.1% GCMSMS) and terpinene-4-ol (4.5% GCMS, 11.9% GCMSMS) as major compounds in fresh leaf essential oils while, sabinene (20.8% GCMS, 32.5% GCMSMS) and linalool (17.2% GCMS, 20.4% GCMSMS) were the major compounds found in dried leaf essential oils. Limonene (55.2%, 75.4% GCMS; 39.5%, 80.8% GCMSMS) was the major prominent compound identified in the C. reticulata peel essential oils in fresh and dried peels respectively, followed by linalool (12.8%, 2.9% GCMS; 48.4%, 7.4% GCMSMS). Percentage yields for the essential oils from C. clementine fresh and dried leaves and peels ranges from 0.40-0.62% v/w for. Fresh and dried leaves volatile oils had sabinene (22.7-27.1%) for GCMS and GCMSMS respectively), linalool (18.5- 20.9% GCMS and GCMSMS) and terpinene-4-ol (6.5- 11.8% GCMS and GCMSMS) as main compounds while fresh and dried peels oils were dominated by limonene (38.9- 86.5% GCMS and GCMSMS). Phytochemical screening experiment of the three citrus species leaves and peels aqueous extract reveal the prominent presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in high concentrations. C. reticulata and C. clementine peels and leaves volatile oils exhibited higher antioxidant activity as DPPH free radical scavengers and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) ability, when compared to C. sinensis essential oils which exhibited minimum antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of leaves and peels essential oils maybe due to the presence of oxygenated monoterpenes and high limonene content. C. sinensis peels oils showed non-toxic to extremely very low toxicity effect at highest dose 2000 mg/kg. C. reticulata and C. clementine peels oils showed toxicity effect in mice at high dose levels. It is suggested that citrus volatile oils could be safe to use at lower dose levels. Citrus species peels and leaves volatile compounds limonene linalool and sabinene exhibited antiinflammatory activity by significantly reducing rats paw oedema size induced by fresh egg albumin. The study suggests the use of Citrus waste products (leaves and peels) as natural antioxidants with antiinflammatory properties for medicinal value and volatile oils compounds for aroma in beverages and cosmetic industries.
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The perceptions of Nursing service and Operational Managers on the role of nursing sub-professionals in the Health Service System at Mhlontlo Municipality
- Authors: Mpini, Minah Malakiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health service management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing sub-professional
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Nursing
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1341 , vital:32258
- Description: South Africa is experiencing a serious shortage of nurses, especially nursing sub-professionals. The Eastern Cape Province is among the provinces with highest percentage of vacancies for nurses in all nursing categories. Nursing shortage has compromised South African health care services as health services are mostly supported by this group of health professionals. As a result of this shortage, rural health services have for a long time depended on the nursing sub-professionals to perform basic nursing services. This category is however also decreasing, which makes it difficult for nursing professionals to cope with the amount of work. South African rural health centres put pressure on professional nurses to do some of the health care activities that are meant to be done by medical doctors. The aim of the study was to explore the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health care system as viewed by the nursing managers. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to get the perceptions of nursing service managers and operational managers on the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health service. A purposive sample of 23 participants was selected and interviewed. Most of the participants viewed the retention of nursing sub-professionals as crucial in the health service system. The participants saw sub-professionals as playing a vital role in the health services as the latter have a scope of practice that enables them to work independently. The reasons they put forth in support of their retention include reduction of litigations, easing the work load of professional nurses, sometimes performing non-nursing duties during crisis periods, reduction in the waiting time for patients/clients, and enabling professional nurses to perform more sophisticated professional duties which include management. Few managers viewed the existence of sub-professional nurses as increasing the work of nursing professionals. They felt that nursing sub-professionals worked under the supervision of nursing professionals. This, according to them, resulted in more work for nursing professionals who had to check and/or repeat what had been done in the name of supervision.
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- Authors: Mpini, Minah Malakiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health service management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing sub-professional
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Nursing
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1341 , vital:32258
- Description: South Africa is experiencing a serious shortage of nurses, especially nursing sub-professionals. The Eastern Cape Province is among the provinces with highest percentage of vacancies for nurses in all nursing categories. Nursing shortage has compromised South African health care services as health services are mostly supported by this group of health professionals. As a result of this shortage, rural health services have for a long time depended on the nursing sub-professionals to perform basic nursing services. This category is however also decreasing, which makes it difficult for nursing professionals to cope with the amount of work. South African rural health centres put pressure on professional nurses to do some of the health care activities that are meant to be done by medical doctors. The aim of the study was to explore the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health care system as viewed by the nursing managers. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to get the perceptions of nursing service managers and operational managers on the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health service. A purposive sample of 23 participants was selected and interviewed. Most of the participants viewed the retention of nursing sub-professionals as crucial in the health service system. The participants saw sub-professionals as playing a vital role in the health services as the latter have a scope of practice that enables them to work independently. The reasons they put forth in support of their retention include reduction of litigations, easing the work load of professional nurses, sometimes performing non-nursing duties during crisis periods, reduction in the waiting time for patients/clients, and enabling professional nurses to perform more sophisticated professional duties which include management. Few managers viewed the existence of sub-professional nurses as increasing the work of nursing professionals. They felt that nursing sub-professionals worked under the supervision of nursing professionals. This, according to them, resulted in more work for nursing professionals who had to check and/or repeat what had been done in the name of supervision.
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Vulnerabilities of Coastal Tourism destinations to climate change related incidents: a case study selected holiday resorts along the wildcoast, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Van Der Byl, Athina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Coastal Tourism destinations -- Wildcoast Wildcoast -- Holiday resorts -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Climate change -- Tourism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1337 , vital:32259
- Description: Climate change is a global phenomenon with major impacts on coastlines, leaving coastal areas vulnerable to conditions such as sea level rise, flooding as well as storm surges, which results in increased damage to or loss of coastal property and infrastructure. The study examined the vulnerability of the Eastern Cape’s Wild Coast resorts to climate change related impacts. Both qualitative and quantitative methods aided by questionnaires and GIS mapping were used to identify vulnerable settlements as well as their impacts. A meta analysis of the identified vulnerabilities was studied and strategies employed to reduce the impacts was also done. Results indicated that almost 80% of the Wild Coast resorts occur within the low-lying areas of the coast and these areas were mostly affected by impacts such as sea level rise, heavy rainfall and floods accompanied by storm surges. Another alarming challenge faced by the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality was controlling unplanned developments within these low-lying zones of the coast. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant departments provide awareness through various platforms such as workshops, programmes and campaigns to ensure that people understand the risk of climate change on low-lying areas as well as mainstreaming climate change in long term development planning. This study highlights a need for monitoring of coastal environments vulnerable to the impact of climate change along a South African coastline.
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- Authors: Van Der Byl, Athina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Coastal Tourism destinations -- Wildcoast Wildcoast -- Holiday resorts -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Climate change -- Tourism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1337 , vital:32259
- Description: Climate change is a global phenomenon with major impacts on coastlines, leaving coastal areas vulnerable to conditions such as sea level rise, flooding as well as storm surges, which results in increased damage to or loss of coastal property and infrastructure. The study examined the vulnerability of the Eastern Cape’s Wild Coast resorts to climate change related impacts. Both qualitative and quantitative methods aided by questionnaires and GIS mapping were used to identify vulnerable settlements as well as their impacts. A meta analysis of the identified vulnerabilities was studied and strategies employed to reduce the impacts was also done. Results indicated that almost 80% of the Wild Coast resorts occur within the low-lying areas of the coast and these areas were mostly affected by impacts such as sea level rise, heavy rainfall and floods accompanied by storm surges. Another alarming challenge faced by the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality was controlling unplanned developments within these low-lying zones of the coast. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant departments provide awareness through various platforms such as workshops, programmes and campaigns to ensure that people understand the risk of climate change on low-lying areas as well as mainstreaming climate change in long term development planning. This study highlights a need for monitoring of coastal environments vulnerable to the impact of climate change along a South African coastline.
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Challenges faced by professional nurses in implementing the six Ministerial priority standards of care in a Health care institution in O R Tambo Region in the Eastern Cape province
- Authors: Kula, Nokuseni
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Health care standards -- Hospital
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/699 , vital:27770
- Description: The objective of this research study was to describe and explore challenges faced by professional nurses in implementing six ministerial priority standards of care in selected units of an identified institution in O.R. Tambo region. Nurses are trained and employed to provide nursing care to patients according to scope of practice set by their statutory body (South African Nursing Council). Setting of standards forms part of quality improvement in nursing care and standards need to be monitored and evaluated (Muller 2006:206). In South Africa, the Minister of Health has identified six priority areas to fast-track improvement and ensure quality in health services. These priority areas are as follows: attitudes and values of health workers, cleanliness of the facility, waiting times, patient safety and security, infection prevention and control, and availability of medicines (National Health Plan: Strategic plan 2010/2013). Standard of nursing care in OR Tambo region according to available statistics, is lower than the expected ministerial standards, regardless of continued monitoring and evaluation. Staff attitudes is an ongoing problem, long queues, linen shortages, low standards of cleanliness as well as shortage of medication remain a challenge in health care institutions. This study is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, and contextual study that explored challenges faced by professional nurses in implementing the six ministerial priority standards of care. A purposive sampling of 10 professional nurses, meeting the selection criteria was utilised. In depth, semi structured interviews were used as a method of data collection. A digital voice recorder was used to record the interviews and consent from participants was obtained. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The interview question was: “What challenges are you facing in implementing expected standards of care with reference to the six ministerial priority standards of care?” Data was analysed using content thematic analysis approach. An independent coder with a Master’s degree and studying towards a doctorate helped with coding the results of the interviews. The Theory for Health Promotion in nursing as propounded by Botes (2006) was used to analyse the findings. The approach used was based on the external environment and its dimensions – social, physical and intellectual. v The findings of the research revealed the following themes: Lack of resources, demotivation of nurses, attitude of nurses, lack of monitoring and evaluation, environment and overcrowding, lack of patient safety, negligence, availability of policy and procedure manuals, and incompetency of health care professionals. The findings of this study revealed that nurses faced many challenges with regard to improving the standard of nursing care. According to Botes (2006), the purpose of nursing research is functional by nature, it provides guidelines for practice. Therefore in this study, a description of guidelines to improve nursing care has been done. Trustworthiness of the findings was ensured by utilising Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. Limitations of the research are highlighted and recommendations for further and related studies are made.
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- Authors: Kula, Nokuseni
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Health care standards -- Hospital
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/699 , vital:27770
- Description: The objective of this research study was to describe and explore challenges faced by professional nurses in implementing six ministerial priority standards of care in selected units of an identified institution in O.R. Tambo region. Nurses are trained and employed to provide nursing care to patients according to scope of practice set by their statutory body (South African Nursing Council). Setting of standards forms part of quality improvement in nursing care and standards need to be monitored and evaluated (Muller 2006:206). In South Africa, the Minister of Health has identified six priority areas to fast-track improvement and ensure quality in health services. These priority areas are as follows: attitudes and values of health workers, cleanliness of the facility, waiting times, patient safety and security, infection prevention and control, and availability of medicines (National Health Plan: Strategic plan 2010/2013). Standard of nursing care in OR Tambo region according to available statistics, is lower than the expected ministerial standards, regardless of continued monitoring and evaluation. Staff attitudes is an ongoing problem, long queues, linen shortages, low standards of cleanliness as well as shortage of medication remain a challenge in health care institutions. This study is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, and contextual study that explored challenges faced by professional nurses in implementing the six ministerial priority standards of care. A purposive sampling of 10 professional nurses, meeting the selection criteria was utilised. In depth, semi structured interviews were used as a method of data collection. A digital voice recorder was used to record the interviews and consent from participants was obtained. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The interview question was: “What challenges are you facing in implementing expected standards of care with reference to the six ministerial priority standards of care?” Data was analysed using content thematic analysis approach. An independent coder with a Master’s degree and studying towards a doctorate helped with coding the results of the interviews. The Theory for Health Promotion in nursing as propounded by Botes (2006) was used to analyse the findings. The approach used was based on the external environment and its dimensions – social, physical and intellectual. v The findings of the research revealed the following themes: Lack of resources, demotivation of nurses, attitude of nurses, lack of monitoring and evaluation, environment and overcrowding, lack of patient safety, negligence, availability of policy and procedure manuals, and incompetency of health care professionals. The findings of this study revealed that nurses faced many challenges with regard to improving the standard of nursing care. According to Botes (2006), the purpose of nursing research is functional by nature, it provides guidelines for practice. Therefore in this study, a description of guidelines to improve nursing care has been done. Trustworthiness of the findings was ensured by utilising Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. Limitations of the research are highlighted and recommendations for further and related studies are made.
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Challenges facing the teaching and learning of accounting in Secondary Schools of the Mthatha Education District
- Authors: Susani, Mongezi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Teaching and learning -- Accounting Secondary education -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/494 , vital:27278
- Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the teaching and learning of Accounting in secondary schools of the Mthatha education district. There are 69 secondary schools that offer Accounting in the Mthatha education district. In order to attain the objectives and fulfil the aim of the study, the researcher used the qualitative research approach, both in collecting and analysing the data. The case study design was used to describe and access the phenomenon of challenges facing the teaching and learning of Accounting in the Mthatha education district. Convenience sampling method was used to select twelve Accounting teachers from six different secondary schools in the Mthatha education district. Face-to-face in-depth interviews and non-participant observation were used to collect the data. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants and these were analysed. The study revealed the following factors as challenges facing the teaching and learning of Accounting in secondary schools of the Mthatha education district: Teachers had professional qualifications in teaching, but fewer of them had Accounting as subject of their specialisation. Frequency of workshops was identified as a challenge by interviewed teachers. The study revealed that teachers are unfamiliar with the content to teach, and as a result, they are unable to develop the learner guides. The study found that teachers are using insufficient LTSM to teach Accounting. Instructional strategies used by teachers for teaching and learning of Accounting affected the process of teaching and learning of this subject. Redeployment is a challenge that affects the capacity of schools in the teaching and learning of Accounting. The study also revealed that there is a lack of parental involvement and support in the education of their children, which negatively affects the teaching and learning of Accounting. Limited commitment from teachers and learners was also revealed as one of the challenges in teaching and learning Accounting. The researcher made recommendations towards mitigating the effects of the challenges in teaching and learning of Accounting.
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- Authors: Susani, Mongezi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Teaching and learning -- Accounting Secondary education -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/494 , vital:27278
- Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the teaching and learning of Accounting in secondary schools of the Mthatha education district. There are 69 secondary schools that offer Accounting in the Mthatha education district. In order to attain the objectives and fulfil the aim of the study, the researcher used the qualitative research approach, both in collecting and analysing the data. The case study design was used to describe and access the phenomenon of challenges facing the teaching and learning of Accounting in the Mthatha education district. Convenience sampling method was used to select twelve Accounting teachers from six different secondary schools in the Mthatha education district. Face-to-face in-depth interviews and non-participant observation were used to collect the data. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants and these were analysed. The study revealed the following factors as challenges facing the teaching and learning of Accounting in secondary schools of the Mthatha education district: Teachers had professional qualifications in teaching, but fewer of them had Accounting as subject of their specialisation. Frequency of workshops was identified as a challenge by interviewed teachers. The study revealed that teachers are unfamiliar with the content to teach, and as a result, they are unable to develop the learner guides. The study found that teachers are using insufficient LTSM to teach Accounting. Instructional strategies used by teachers for teaching and learning of Accounting affected the process of teaching and learning of this subject. Redeployment is a challenge that affects the capacity of schools in the teaching and learning of Accounting. The study also revealed that there is a lack of parental involvement and support in the education of their children, which negatively affects the teaching and learning of Accounting. Limited commitment from teachers and learners was also revealed as one of the challenges in teaching and learning Accounting. The researcher made recommendations towards mitigating the effects of the challenges in teaching and learning of Accounting.
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Experiences of R425 newly qualified professional Nurses during their first year of practice in 3 selected hospitals in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Qwaqwa, Nomathamsanqa P
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Student nurses practice -- Hospitals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/677 , vital:27767
- Description: Transition of the newly qualified nurses from an educational focus to professional practitioner has long been identified as a conflicted time of critical personal and professional adjustment and staggering reality shock. This study explored the experiences of newly qualified R425 professional nurses during their first year of practice in the Eastern Cape Province at three selected hospitals. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design using a phenomenological approach. The sample included newly qualified professional nurses in their first year of employment. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Data collection was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews from ten (n=10) participants. Each interview took about 45 minutes. Ethical codes of research were followed. Data was coded manually and analyzed using content analysis Four themes and seven subthemes emerged from the data collected The findings revealed positive experiences such as sense of belonging and feelings of independence; negative experiences such as feelings of rejection, as well as management challenges The study identified challenges which impacted on the performance of new nurses, namely shortage of human and material resources and inadequate support in the working environment Recommendation: Introducing mandatory education by service institutions on transition as well as extended, sequential and structured orientation and mentoring programs for newly qualified professional nurses as this will assist them in their career development Managers to use different strategies in enhancing quality environments in order to reduce frustration for these newly qualified nurses.
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- Authors: Qwaqwa, Nomathamsanqa P
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Student nurses practice -- Hospitals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/677 , vital:27767
- Description: Transition of the newly qualified nurses from an educational focus to professional practitioner has long been identified as a conflicted time of critical personal and professional adjustment and staggering reality shock. This study explored the experiences of newly qualified R425 professional nurses during their first year of practice in the Eastern Cape Province at three selected hospitals. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design using a phenomenological approach. The sample included newly qualified professional nurses in their first year of employment. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Data collection was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews from ten (n=10) participants. Each interview took about 45 minutes. Ethical codes of research were followed. Data was coded manually and analyzed using content analysis Four themes and seven subthemes emerged from the data collected The findings revealed positive experiences such as sense of belonging and feelings of independence; negative experiences such as feelings of rejection, as well as management challenges The study identified challenges which impacted on the performance of new nurses, namely shortage of human and material resources and inadequate support in the working environment Recommendation: Introducing mandatory education by service institutions on transition as well as extended, sequential and structured orientation and mentoring programs for newly qualified professional nurses as this will assist them in their career development Managers to use different strategies in enhancing quality environments in order to reduce frustration for these newly qualified nurses.
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Factors contributing to conflict among the teachers of Secondary Schools in the Mthatha Education District
- Authors: Lukman, Yusuf
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Staff conflict -- Schools School management -- Secondary education Teachers -- Conflict -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/912 , vital:30049
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to conflict among the teachers of secondary schools of Mthatha Education district. The liter-ature review reflects theories concerning the factors contributing to conflict among teachers, ranging from the leadership styles use in the schools, the causes of poor in-terpersonal relations among teachers and the causes of teachers’ resistance in schools. To attain the aims and objectives of the study the researcher used the case study de-sign as well as the qualitative research method, both in collecting and analysing the da-ta. Ten (10) teachers and five (5) principals from five different secondary schools formed the sample size of the investigation. Convenience sampling method was used to select this sample size. An open-ended interview schedule and tape record-ing were used for the face-to-face in-depth interviews. Themes drawn from the re-sponses of the participants and discussed included: unhealthy competition, poor com-munication, poor interpersonal relations, poor leadership styles used in schools, exces-sive teacher workload and the existence of cliques and informal groups resulted into conflict among the secondary school teachers. Democratic and participatory styles were suggested as the best working styles of leadership used in the secondary schools. The effects of conflict on the culture of teaching and learning were: weak team spirit among teachers, less communication, stressed among the teachers, high absenteeism, less col-laboration, less teacher motivation and prolonged decision making processes in the schools. The predominant causes of teacher resistance were also highlighted as: the use of autocratic style by school managers, poor communications, ill and unprofessional treatment of staff by managers, constant curriculum changes and unclear policies in the schools. The recommendations on the factors contributing to conflict among sec-ondary schools in the Mthatha Education District were made.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lukman, Yusuf
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Staff conflict -- Schools School management -- Secondary education Teachers -- Conflict -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/912 , vital:30049
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to conflict among the teachers of secondary schools of Mthatha Education district. The liter-ature review reflects theories concerning the factors contributing to conflict among teachers, ranging from the leadership styles use in the schools, the causes of poor in-terpersonal relations among teachers and the causes of teachers’ resistance in schools. To attain the aims and objectives of the study the researcher used the case study de-sign as well as the qualitative research method, both in collecting and analysing the da-ta. Ten (10) teachers and five (5) principals from five different secondary schools formed the sample size of the investigation. Convenience sampling method was used to select this sample size. An open-ended interview schedule and tape record-ing were used for the face-to-face in-depth interviews. Themes drawn from the re-sponses of the participants and discussed included: unhealthy competition, poor com-munication, poor interpersonal relations, poor leadership styles used in schools, exces-sive teacher workload and the existence of cliques and informal groups resulted into conflict among the secondary school teachers. Democratic and participatory styles were suggested as the best working styles of leadership used in the secondary schools. The effects of conflict on the culture of teaching and learning were: weak team spirit among teachers, less communication, stressed among the teachers, high absenteeism, less col-laboration, less teacher motivation and prolonged decision making processes in the schools. The predominant causes of teacher resistance were also highlighted as: the use of autocratic style by school managers, poor communications, ill and unprofessional treatment of staff by managers, constant curriculum changes and unclear policies in the schools. The recommendations on the factors contributing to conflict among sec-ondary schools in the Mthatha Education District were made.
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Inhibiting factors to the role of representative council of learners in participative governance of schools: a case study of selected schools in the Qumbu District in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Poswa, Sakumzi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: High school students -- Governance Student representative council -- Secondary education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/484 , vital:27277
- Description: This study was conducted in four Qumbu District schools The literature review enabled the researcher to understand the current discourses in terms of learners’ participation in the governance of schools through the Representative Council of Learners Through the methodological application of triangulation, the study produced data on which findings were based and recommendations made Generally, evidence from the collected data reveals issues worth the attention of the researcher and relevant authorities Some of the evidence in this study was that there is need to involve learners in decision making; that the learners who are elected to be members of the RCL should be provided with orientation and training so that they become aware of the content of policy documentations that govern their roles and responsibilities These RCL members are supposed to be considered as potential decision makers and leaders in their schools It is therefore the responsibility of schools and the Department of Education to provide orientation and training for these learners so as to equip them adequately with leadership information and to develop their skills in order for them to be able to play their roles responsibly In concluding, the researcher believes that solutions to the problems identified can be resolved by considering the recommendations for implementation.
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- Authors: Poswa, Sakumzi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: High school students -- Governance Student representative council -- Secondary education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/484 , vital:27277
- Description: This study was conducted in four Qumbu District schools The literature review enabled the researcher to understand the current discourses in terms of learners’ participation in the governance of schools through the Representative Council of Learners Through the methodological application of triangulation, the study produced data on which findings were based and recommendations made Generally, evidence from the collected data reveals issues worth the attention of the researcher and relevant authorities Some of the evidence in this study was that there is need to involve learners in decision making; that the learners who are elected to be members of the RCL should be provided with orientation and training so that they become aware of the content of policy documentations that govern their roles and responsibilities These RCL members are supposed to be considered as potential decision makers and leaders in their schools It is therefore the responsibility of schools and the Department of Education to provide orientation and training for these learners so as to equip them adequately with leadership information and to develop their skills in order for them to be able to play their roles responsibly In concluding, the researcher believes that solutions to the problems identified can be resolved by considering the recommendations for implementation.
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The Anti-hypertensive Properties of T. officinale on L-Name-induced Hypertensive Rats
- Aremu, Olukayode Olasunkanmi
- Authors: Aremu, Olukayode Olasunkanmi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Hypertension Anti-hypertensive
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1045 , vital:30434
- Description: Medicinal plants have long been used in folkloric medicine in various parts of the world. Presence of phenolic compounds has been attributed to their medicinal properties. Despite various medicinal uses, scientific claims of anti-hypertensive activities are still deficient. Therefore, hydroethanolic (70% ethanol) extracts of the leaf and root parts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR respectively) were investigated for anti-hypertensive antioxidant, diuretic activities, and effects on lipid profile in L-Name-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening of TOL and TOR was assessed by known standardized method. Acute toxicity profile of the plant was also evaluated by Lorke’s method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’–azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)and ferric antioxidant reducing power (FRAP) protocols were used for their radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities respectively. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were used for acute antihypertensive study while for the 21 days antihypertensive study, hypertension was induced by administering L-Name (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and, CODA 8 Non-invasive tail cuff machine was used to measure blood pressure. With the aid of a semi-auto chemistry analyzer, lipid profile of Taraxacum officinale (TO) was determined using Biosinol reagents. TOL and TOR also significantly reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures up until 4 hours with the leaf part most active in single dose study using SHR model. TOL and TOR also significantly lowered systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures with the leaf part most active in 21 days study using and L-Name-induced HTN models. However, these plant extracts did not have a diuretic effect, but seems to exert its antihypertensive effects by modulating NO production and possibly bioavailability, by acting via an endothelium-dependent pathway. This study validates the traditional use of the leaf part of the plant as an antihypertensive agent.
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- Authors: Aremu, Olukayode Olasunkanmi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Hypertension Anti-hypertensive
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1045 , vital:30434
- Description: Medicinal plants have long been used in folkloric medicine in various parts of the world. Presence of phenolic compounds has been attributed to their medicinal properties. Despite various medicinal uses, scientific claims of anti-hypertensive activities are still deficient. Therefore, hydroethanolic (70% ethanol) extracts of the leaf and root parts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR respectively) were investigated for anti-hypertensive antioxidant, diuretic activities, and effects on lipid profile in L-Name-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening of TOL and TOR was assessed by known standardized method. Acute toxicity profile of the plant was also evaluated by Lorke’s method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’–azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)and ferric antioxidant reducing power (FRAP) protocols were used for their radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities respectively. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were used for acute antihypertensive study while for the 21 days antihypertensive study, hypertension was induced by administering L-Name (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and, CODA 8 Non-invasive tail cuff machine was used to measure blood pressure. With the aid of a semi-auto chemistry analyzer, lipid profile of Taraxacum officinale (TO) was determined using Biosinol reagents. TOL and TOR also significantly reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures up until 4 hours with the leaf part most active in single dose study using SHR model. TOL and TOR also significantly lowered systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures with the leaf part most active in 21 days study using and L-Name-induced HTN models. However, these plant extracts did not have a diuretic effect, but seems to exert its antihypertensive effects by modulating NO production and possibly bioavailability, by acting via an endothelium-dependent pathway. This study validates the traditional use of the leaf part of the plant as an antihypertensive agent.
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The experiences of non-psychiatric trained nurses caring for mental health care users on 72 hour observations in a listed Hospital in the O R Tambo District
- Authors: Dubo, Siyabonga
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mental Health care -- Hospital
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/688 , vital:27769
- Description: Nurses are an integral part of the health care system and their job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities including the promotion of health, prevention of illness and care for physically, mentally ill and disabled people. Nurses have a mandate to be responsible and accountable to the public they serve. For these reasons, it is crucial that nurses possess attitudes that allow them to provide optimal care in a supportive manner for patients. Despite the fact that considerable research on the experiences of nurses caring for the mentally ill in general hospitals has been done globally, none has been conducted in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Additionally, no studies could be obtained from anywhere in the world on the experiences of non-psychiatric trained nurses caring for mental health care users on 72 hour observations. Studies indicated that nurses have different experiences when caring for mental health care users. It was therefore considered necessary to find out how non-psychiatric trained nurses perceive the caring of mental health care users during the 72 hour observations. The research design used to explore and describe their experiences was qualitative, descriptive, explorative, phenomenological and contextual in character. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight (8) participants who were purposively selected. This was done after necessary permission from the Department of Health and informed consent from the research participants. Steps were taken throughout the course of the study to ensure trustworthiness. Data were analysed using Tesch’s methods and the services of an independent coder were used. The results indicate that there are different experiences with regard to the caring for mental health care users during the 72 hour observations. The major themes identified are: feelings experienced by these nurses, lack of knowledge, challenges and strategies used for coping with a violent user, need for support from security staff and lack of policies. v Guidelines as a supportive action are suggested. From the results of the study recommendations are made in the areas of nursing education, nursing practice and nursing research. It is concluded that for non-psychiatric trained nurses to provide optimal care to mental health care users, the nurses need knowledge and skills in order to facilitate the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health of these patients as an integral part of health.
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- Authors: Dubo, Siyabonga
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mental Health care -- Hospital
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/688 , vital:27769
- Description: Nurses are an integral part of the health care system and their job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities including the promotion of health, prevention of illness and care for physically, mentally ill and disabled people. Nurses have a mandate to be responsible and accountable to the public they serve. For these reasons, it is crucial that nurses possess attitudes that allow them to provide optimal care in a supportive manner for patients. Despite the fact that considerable research on the experiences of nurses caring for the mentally ill in general hospitals has been done globally, none has been conducted in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Additionally, no studies could be obtained from anywhere in the world on the experiences of non-psychiatric trained nurses caring for mental health care users on 72 hour observations. Studies indicated that nurses have different experiences when caring for mental health care users. It was therefore considered necessary to find out how non-psychiatric trained nurses perceive the caring of mental health care users during the 72 hour observations. The research design used to explore and describe their experiences was qualitative, descriptive, explorative, phenomenological and contextual in character. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight (8) participants who were purposively selected. This was done after necessary permission from the Department of Health and informed consent from the research participants. Steps were taken throughout the course of the study to ensure trustworthiness. Data were analysed using Tesch’s methods and the services of an independent coder were used. The results indicate that there are different experiences with regard to the caring for mental health care users during the 72 hour observations. The major themes identified are: feelings experienced by these nurses, lack of knowledge, challenges and strategies used for coping with a violent user, need for support from security staff and lack of policies. v Guidelines as a supportive action are suggested. From the results of the study recommendations are made in the areas of nursing education, nursing practice and nursing research. It is concluded that for non-psychiatric trained nurses to provide optimal care to mental health care users, the nurses need knowledge and skills in order to facilitate the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health of these patients as an integral part of health.
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The managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness: a study of six Secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District
- Authors: Ziduli, Mlungiseleli
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: High school -- Management Secondary education performance -- School leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/504 , vital:27279
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness at secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South. The literature review reflects theories concerning the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness. In order to attain the aims and objectives of the study, the researcher used the qualitative research method, both in collecting and analyzing the data. The case study design was used to describe and access the phenomenon and the purposive sampling method was used to select (6) secondary school principals. An open ended interview schedule was used for the face-to-face in-depth interviews on the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness at secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants and analysed. Some of the findings were: Democratic and participatory leadership styles were used by the school principals to achieve maximum co-operation from both experienced and beginning teachers and the learners in the schools. Laissez fair and autocratic styles of leadership appeared to be undesirable for the management of schools. For school principals’ effective management, they need to do proper planning, organising and scheduling of activities, assigning duties to teachers and delegating some of their work to competent teachers. The reasons for school principals’ ineffectiveness in this study were: favouritism, over-familiar relationships with some teachers, ignoring teachers’ personal problems, workload, lack of support and co-operation from teachers. Incorrect interpretation of educational policies were seen to lead to chaotic situations, poor performance of both teachers and learners, division between learners and teachers, a lack of unity between school stake-holders, poor job satisfaction and lack of trust and respect for the principals concerned. Factors contributing to principals’ incorrect interpretation of educational policies and execution of management roles were: negligence, lack of knowledge and ability to interpret educational policies, lack of proper induction programmes and training of principals and lack of support on policy matters from the Department of Education. Contributing factors resulting in barriers to principals’ ineffectiveness in the management of schools were: failure to give proper instructions to teachers and learners, failure to effectively use of available funds in the school, failure to implement all educational programmes in the school including co-curricular and extra mural activities, lack of experience, lack of support from both the Department of Education and the parents, lack of resources, high staff turnover, favourtisms and failure to hold teachers accountable for poor work done. Mechanisms deemed to overcome the factors leading to barriers to principals’ execution of their management roles at schools were: making the effort to be knowledgeable about educational policies, timely responses to problems in the school, regular consultation with stakeholders, employment of SGB teachers, taking direct supervision of instructions in classrooms and endeavoring to have good relations and gaining support from the SGB and the parents. The researcher made some recommendations on the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness at secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ziduli, Mlungiseleli
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: High school -- Management Secondary education performance -- School leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/504 , vital:27279
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness at secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South. The literature review reflects theories concerning the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness. In order to attain the aims and objectives of the study, the researcher used the qualitative research method, both in collecting and analyzing the data. The case study design was used to describe and access the phenomenon and the purposive sampling method was used to select (6) secondary school principals. An open ended interview schedule was used for the face-to-face in-depth interviews on the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness at secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants and analysed. Some of the findings were: Democratic and participatory leadership styles were used by the school principals to achieve maximum co-operation from both experienced and beginning teachers and the learners in the schools. Laissez fair and autocratic styles of leadership appeared to be undesirable for the management of schools. For school principals’ effective management, they need to do proper planning, organising and scheduling of activities, assigning duties to teachers and delegating some of their work to competent teachers. The reasons for school principals’ ineffectiveness in this study were: favouritism, over-familiar relationships with some teachers, ignoring teachers’ personal problems, workload, lack of support and co-operation from teachers. Incorrect interpretation of educational policies were seen to lead to chaotic situations, poor performance of both teachers and learners, division between learners and teachers, a lack of unity between school stake-holders, poor job satisfaction and lack of trust and respect for the principals concerned. Factors contributing to principals’ incorrect interpretation of educational policies and execution of management roles were: negligence, lack of knowledge and ability to interpret educational policies, lack of proper induction programmes and training of principals and lack of support on policy matters from the Department of Education. Contributing factors resulting in barriers to principals’ ineffectiveness in the management of schools were: failure to give proper instructions to teachers and learners, failure to effectively use of available funds in the school, failure to implement all educational programmes in the school including co-curricular and extra mural activities, lack of experience, lack of support from both the Department of Education and the parents, lack of resources, high staff turnover, favourtisms and failure to hold teachers accountable for poor work done. Mechanisms deemed to overcome the factors leading to barriers to principals’ execution of their management roles at schools were: making the effort to be knowledgeable about educational policies, timely responses to problems in the school, regular consultation with stakeholders, employment of SGB teachers, taking direct supervision of instructions in classrooms and endeavoring to have good relations and gaining support from the SGB and the parents. The researcher made some recommendations on the managerial leadership styles of school principals for school effectiveness at secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District.
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Investigation into School Managers’ role as facilitators of Teachers to improve Teacher effectiveness and efficiency
- Authors: Peter, Tembelihle
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: School principals -- Facilitation -- South Africa Teachers – Effectiveness and efficiency School manager -- Educators—Professional development-- South Africa – Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1314 , vital:30803
- Description: This research study examined the role of management by school managers in the three strata schools of the Mthatha Education District in the Province of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The researcher tried to show how School managers provide a leadership role especially in the Mthatha schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It was deduced from the statistical data presented that there is a significant correlation between a school manager’s tasks and the quality of education. This shows that when school managers plan properly, organizing properly, leading and control management task be better all resources of the school will be managed better. The proper execution of management tasks of planning, organizing, leading and control by school managers have contributed extensively to the success of schools. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods in –order to collect data. Two instruments namely, questionnaires and interviews were used in –order to collect data. Tools used during quantitative research design data collection are questionnaires. Questionnaires were used in order to pilot the study for the purposes of identifying with rich information. The researcher used structured questions for quantitative questionnaires. Respondents answered questionnaires in the absence of the researcher in-order to allow anonymity and a stress –free environment. Tools used for the qualitative research design data collection method were interviews. Interviews were used for the information rich subjects. During interviews, the researcher used face-to-face, one- to- one interviews with each subject. The sample subjects in this study for the quantitative method were school managers of Mthatha schools. The total number of participants was 14. All of them returned their questionnaire responses at the agreed time with the researcher. Amongst the findings that emerged were; a high level of enthusiasm in all three schools for change; however, different kinds of hindrances were experienced. ii Finally, recommendations and suggestions were made starting that schools have to follow strict management /leadership programs.
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- Authors: Peter, Tembelihle
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: School principals -- Facilitation -- South Africa Teachers – Effectiveness and efficiency School manager -- Educators—Professional development-- South Africa – Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1314 , vital:30803
- Description: This research study examined the role of management by school managers in the three strata schools of the Mthatha Education District in the Province of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The researcher tried to show how School managers provide a leadership role especially in the Mthatha schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It was deduced from the statistical data presented that there is a significant correlation between a school manager’s tasks and the quality of education. This shows that when school managers plan properly, organizing properly, leading and control management task be better all resources of the school will be managed better. The proper execution of management tasks of planning, organizing, leading and control by school managers have contributed extensively to the success of schools. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods in –order to collect data. Two instruments namely, questionnaires and interviews were used in –order to collect data. Tools used during quantitative research design data collection are questionnaires. Questionnaires were used in order to pilot the study for the purposes of identifying with rich information. The researcher used structured questions for quantitative questionnaires. Respondents answered questionnaires in the absence of the researcher in-order to allow anonymity and a stress –free environment. Tools used for the qualitative research design data collection method were interviews. Interviews were used for the information rich subjects. During interviews, the researcher used face-to-face, one- to- one interviews with each subject. The sample subjects in this study for the quantitative method were school managers of Mthatha schools. The total number of participants was 14. All of them returned their questionnaire responses at the agreed time with the researcher. Amongst the findings that emerged were; a high level of enthusiasm in all three schools for change; however, different kinds of hindrances were experienced. ii Finally, recommendations and suggestions were made starting that schools have to follow strict management /leadership programs.
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Perceptions of Junior Secondary School Educators on the Effects of Overcrowding in Classrooms on Learner Performance in Maluti District, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Mbangeni, Monwabisi Gidwell
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Classrooms overcrowding -- Schools Teachers -- Learners -- Education Learner performance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/923 , vital:30051
- Description: The study investigated overcrowding classrooms and its impact on learners and teachers’ performance, efficiency and effectiveness. This action was prompted by the researcher’s observation of learners’ poor performance and teachers’ loss of instructional time in overcrowded classrooms. Literature was reviewed to place the study in gap lapse prospective which this study was to fill. Quantitative research method was used to be able to collect the most applicable data that would be able to produce valid and reliable information for the compilation of the research report. Revelations from the collected data were that overcrowded classrooms have adverse effects on both the teacher and learner performance and activities in schools where overcrowding is evident. Based on the revelations the research made some recommendations to contribute towards finding solution to the problem investigated in this study. The conclusion that could be drawn was that there is need for the Department of Education (DoE) to conduct elaborate study in schools where overcrowding exists and make a concerted effort to provide adequate classrooms to be able to help learners and teachers benefit from the provision of education being delivered.
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- Authors: Mbangeni, Monwabisi Gidwell
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Classrooms overcrowding -- Schools Teachers -- Learners -- Education Learner performance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/923 , vital:30051
- Description: The study investigated overcrowding classrooms and its impact on learners and teachers’ performance, efficiency and effectiveness. This action was prompted by the researcher’s observation of learners’ poor performance and teachers’ loss of instructional time in overcrowded classrooms. Literature was reviewed to place the study in gap lapse prospective which this study was to fill. Quantitative research method was used to be able to collect the most applicable data that would be able to produce valid and reliable information for the compilation of the research report. Revelations from the collected data were that overcrowded classrooms have adverse effects on both the teacher and learner performance and activities in schools where overcrowding is evident. Based on the revelations the research made some recommendations to contribute towards finding solution to the problem investigated in this study. The conclusion that could be drawn was that there is need for the Department of Education (DoE) to conduct elaborate study in schools where overcrowding exists and make a concerted effort to provide adequate classrooms to be able to help learners and teachers benefit from the provision of education being delivered.
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