The Palgrave handbook of ethics in critical research
- Macleod, Catriona I, Marx, Jacqueline, Mnyaka, Phindezwa, Treharne, Gareth J
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Marx, Jacqueline , Mnyaka, Phindezwa , Treharne, Gareth J
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434266 , vital:73043 , ISBN 978-3-319-74720-0 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7
- Description: The idea for this handbook was born at the 9th Biennial International Society of Critical Health Psychology Conference that was held in Grahamstown, South Africa, in July 2015. As such, our first acknowledgement goes to the International Society of Critical Health Psychology (ISCHP), especially members of the Executive Committee and the Conference Organising Committee, for creating the kind of space in which innovative and critical debates and dialogues are fostered and in which like-minded people from across the globe may collaborate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Marx, Jacqueline , Mnyaka, Phindezwa , Treharne, Gareth J
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434266 , vital:73043 , ISBN 978-3-319-74720-0 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7
- Description: The idea for this handbook was born at the 9th Biennial International Society of Critical Health Psychology Conference that was held in Grahamstown, South Africa, in July 2015. As such, our first acknowledgement goes to the International Society of Critical Health Psychology (ISCHP), especially members of the Executive Committee and the Conference Organising Committee, for creating the kind of space in which innovative and critical debates and dialogues are fostered and in which like-minded people from across the globe may collaborate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The party-state in the land occupations of Zimbabwe: the case of Shamva district
- Bhatasara, Sandra, Helliker, Kirk D
- Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
- Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
- Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The perception of Khayelitsha women on socioeconomic gains since 1994
- Authors: Stofile-Hlahla, Linda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Women -- South Africa -- Cape Town -- Economic conditions , Empowerment -- Women -- South Africa -- Cape Town Women -- Political activity -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35267 , vital:33688
- Description: Post 1994, empowerment became the buzz word in the South African new dispensation and has been on the agenda of almost every democratic elected South African President including the current one. However, there is a perceived confusion on the meaning of the word as others believe that is a false affirmative action while others believe that it requires enablers and cannot only be individually driven in the absence of such resources. Empowerment in context refers to a process whereby those who has been denied opportunities in terms of making remarkable life choices gains such an ability in terms of power to improve their living state and of those around them. For women, it is a capacity to be dependent in terms of choices such as economic participation through business ventures or choice of marriage and more. However, the reality does not necessary mean that such choices are liveable. The lack of empowerment of women is strongly linked to socio-economic, political, stereotypic tendencies associated with culture and requires some concerted efforts by all including communities since its manifestation affects families, communities and nations. Its plight is mostly evident in the villages, rural communities and townships and as results has draws the attention of the researcher to establish such factors that hinders empowerment of women in the 22 years of democracy. The aim of the study is to establish whether women in Khayelitsha have been able to realise socio economic gains (i.e. economic empowerment) since 1994. This study intends to do so by examining perception of women regarding factors that hamper their economic empowerment in Khayelitsha, Western Cape. Additional to that, is the perception of how government strategies including policies have enhanced their socio-economic participation or discrimination of women to defeat the notion of disempowerment. It will provide recommendations on how the system can be improved to prioritise the needs of the women and later improve implementation of the women empowerment strategies. A sample of 46 focus group participants were identified and the qualitative research approach was exploited to gain first-hand knowledge of such perceptions. The focus group study found that women empowerment is still a far-fetched dream and cannot be achieved until all barriers are removed. Moreover, the government mechanisms to facilitate economic empowerment of women are not known and does not benefit all women. It has also found out that such mechanisms are not the answer to every woman`s troubles. The study recommends the following: Government should intensify policy implementation and expansion of the programmes to reach those poor women where sometimes information does not come to them. Government should intensify accountability checks especial in the grassroots level where most women are found. Women should be afforded opportunities and support to realise their full potential. Young women should be motivated to inculcate the culture of willingness to learn amongst themselves, by being involved in community projects as volunteers. The culture of “Vukuzenzele” need to be strengthened so that people can move away from the culture of dependency. Women need to be enlightened to be involved in their communities. Communities need to be capacitated on the notion of empowerment against the existing government policies and programmes. In case where policy gap is observed, policy review must be embarked on. The playing field need to level against discrimination by gender and capacitate women to take opportunities in areas that are male dominated. Government agencies need to be visible for communities to know their purpose and roles in making government realise its agenda. Access to finance for women should be prioritised for women to establish or expand their businesses. Lastly, Government need to devise means for people to be at the forefront of their development such that; they make informed choices, identify market opportunities, sustainable products and seek information to generate income through self-employment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Stofile-Hlahla, Linda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Women -- South Africa -- Cape Town -- Economic conditions , Empowerment -- Women -- South Africa -- Cape Town Women -- Political activity -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35267 , vital:33688
- Description: Post 1994, empowerment became the buzz word in the South African new dispensation and has been on the agenda of almost every democratic elected South African President including the current one. However, there is a perceived confusion on the meaning of the word as others believe that is a false affirmative action while others believe that it requires enablers and cannot only be individually driven in the absence of such resources. Empowerment in context refers to a process whereby those who has been denied opportunities in terms of making remarkable life choices gains such an ability in terms of power to improve their living state and of those around them. For women, it is a capacity to be dependent in terms of choices such as economic participation through business ventures or choice of marriage and more. However, the reality does not necessary mean that such choices are liveable. The lack of empowerment of women is strongly linked to socio-economic, political, stereotypic tendencies associated with culture and requires some concerted efforts by all including communities since its manifestation affects families, communities and nations. Its plight is mostly evident in the villages, rural communities and townships and as results has draws the attention of the researcher to establish such factors that hinders empowerment of women in the 22 years of democracy. The aim of the study is to establish whether women in Khayelitsha have been able to realise socio economic gains (i.e. economic empowerment) since 1994. This study intends to do so by examining perception of women regarding factors that hamper their economic empowerment in Khayelitsha, Western Cape. Additional to that, is the perception of how government strategies including policies have enhanced their socio-economic participation or discrimination of women to defeat the notion of disempowerment. It will provide recommendations on how the system can be improved to prioritise the needs of the women and later improve implementation of the women empowerment strategies. A sample of 46 focus group participants were identified and the qualitative research approach was exploited to gain first-hand knowledge of such perceptions. The focus group study found that women empowerment is still a far-fetched dream and cannot be achieved until all barriers are removed. Moreover, the government mechanisms to facilitate economic empowerment of women are not known and does not benefit all women. It has also found out that such mechanisms are not the answer to every woman`s troubles. The study recommends the following: Government should intensify policy implementation and expansion of the programmes to reach those poor women where sometimes information does not come to them. Government should intensify accountability checks especial in the grassroots level where most women are found. Women should be afforded opportunities and support to realise their full potential. Young women should be motivated to inculcate the culture of willingness to learn amongst themselves, by being involved in community projects as volunteers. The culture of “Vukuzenzele” need to be strengthened so that people can move away from the culture of dependency. Women need to be enlightened to be involved in their communities. Communities need to be capacitated on the notion of empowerment against the existing government policies and programmes. In case where policy gap is observed, policy review must be embarked on. The playing field need to level against discrimination by gender and capacitate women to take opportunities in areas that are male dominated. Government agencies need to be visible for communities to know their purpose and roles in making government realise its agenda. Access to finance for women should be prioritised for women to establish or expand their businesses. Lastly, Government need to devise means for people to be at the forefront of their development such that; they make informed choices, identify market opportunities, sustainable products and seek information to generate income through self-employment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The perceptions of Nursing service and Operational Managers on the role of nursing sub-professionals in the Health Service System at Mhlontlo Municipality
- Authors: Mpini, Minah Malakiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health service management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing sub-professional
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Nursing
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1341 , vital:32258
- Description: South Africa is experiencing a serious shortage of nurses, especially nursing sub-professionals. The Eastern Cape Province is among the provinces with highest percentage of vacancies for nurses in all nursing categories. Nursing shortage has compromised South African health care services as health services are mostly supported by this group of health professionals. As a result of this shortage, rural health services have for a long time depended on the nursing sub-professionals to perform basic nursing services. This category is however also decreasing, which makes it difficult for nursing professionals to cope with the amount of work. South African rural health centres put pressure on professional nurses to do some of the health care activities that are meant to be done by medical doctors. The aim of the study was to explore the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health care system as viewed by the nursing managers. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to get the perceptions of nursing service managers and operational managers on the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health service. A purposive sample of 23 participants was selected and interviewed. Most of the participants viewed the retention of nursing sub-professionals as crucial in the health service system. The participants saw sub-professionals as playing a vital role in the health services as the latter have a scope of practice that enables them to work independently. The reasons they put forth in support of their retention include reduction of litigations, easing the work load of professional nurses, sometimes performing non-nursing duties during crisis periods, reduction in the waiting time for patients/clients, and enabling professional nurses to perform more sophisticated professional duties which include management. Few managers viewed the existence of sub-professional nurses as increasing the work of nursing professionals. They felt that nursing sub-professionals worked under the supervision of nursing professionals. This, according to them, resulted in more work for nursing professionals who had to check and/or repeat what had been done in the name of supervision.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mpini, Minah Malakiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health service management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing sub-professional
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Nursing
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1341 , vital:32258
- Description: South Africa is experiencing a serious shortage of nurses, especially nursing sub-professionals. The Eastern Cape Province is among the provinces with highest percentage of vacancies for nurses in all nursing categories. Nursing shortage has compromised South African health care services as health services are mostly supported by this group of health professionals. As a result of this shortage, rural health services have for a long time depended on the nursing sub-professionals to perform basic nursing services. This category is however also decreasing, which makes it difficult for nursing professionals to cope with the amount of work. South African rural health centres put pressure on professional nurses to do some of the health care activities that are meant to be done by medical doctors. The aim of the study was to explore the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health care system as viewed by the nursing managers. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to get the perceptions of nursing service managers and operational managers on the role and value of nursing sub-professionals in the health service. A purposive sample of 23 participants was selected and interviewed. Most of the participants viewed the retention of nursing sub-professionals as crucial in the health service system. The participants saw sub-professionals as playing a vital role in the health services as the latter have a scope of practice that enables them to work independently. The reasons they put forth in support of their retention include reduction of litigations, easing the work load of professional nurses, sometimes performing non-nursing duties during crisis periods, reduction in the waiting time for patients/clients, and enabling professional nurses to perform more sophisticated professional duties which include management. Few managers viewed the existence of sub-professional nurses as increasing the work of nursing professionals. They felt that nursing sub-professionals worked under the supervision of nursing professionals. This, according to them, resulted in more work for nursing professionals who had to check and/or repeat what had been done in the name of supervision.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The perceptions of professional nurses about the introduction of the National Health Insurance in a private hospital in Gauteng
- Molokomme, Victoria Khabonina
- Authors: Molokomme, Victoria Khabonina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health insurance Hospitals Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13057 , vital:39444
- Description: The National Health Insurance is a relatively new concept in South Africa currently being piloted to ensure that all citizens have access to quality and affordable health care regardless of their socio-economic status. This study was prompted by concerns regarding the introduction of the NHI and its implications on the South African health system. Therefore it seeks to determine the professional nurses concerns about the introduction of the NHI in a private hospital in Gauteng and to describe recommendations based on these perceptions. This study used a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design. Data was collected using a semi-structured individual interview schedule. The sample was purposive consisting of professional nurses employed in a private hospital in Gauteng. Thematic data saturation determined the number of professional nurses interviewed. Data analysis was done with the aid of Creswell’s theory (2014:1996). Ethical considerations were observed and trustworthiness maintained. The results of the study outlined that professional nurse’s perception about the NHI is centred on equal distribution of health services to benefit all South Africans. However, concerns were based on its financial implications for those mandated to pay towards the fund. The feasibility of its implementation in the midst of staff shortage, inadequate resources and its impact on the public health sector was seen as a major challenge. The notion of a joint effort between public and private health sector in creating one health system was anticipated by most participants. The NHI implementation raised concerns about the impact it will have on the private sectors viability in the future. Professional nurse’s non-involvement in policy making, poor communication, lack of transparency, concerns about governance and management were perceived to be stumbling blocks towards efficient and effective implementation of the NHI.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Molokomme, Victoria Khabonina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health insurance Hospitals Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13057 , vital:39444
- Description: The National Health Insurance is a relatively new concept in South Africa currently being piloted to ensure that all citizens have access to quality and affordable health care regardless of their socio-economic status. This study was prompted by concerns regarding the introduction of the NHI and its implications on the South African health system. Therefore it seeks to determine the professional nurses concerns about the introduction of the NHI in a private hospital in Gauteng and to describe recommendations based on these perceptions. This study used a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design. Data was collected using a semi-structured individual interview schedule. The sample was purposive consisting of professional nurses employed in a private hospital in Gauteng. Thematic data saturation determined the number of professional nurses interviewed. Data analysis was done with the aid of Creswell’s theory (2014:1996). Ethical considerations were observed and trustworthiness maintained. The results of the study outlined that professional nurse’s perception about the NHI is centred on equal distribution of health services to benefit all South Africans. However, concerns were based on its financial implications for those mandated to pay towards the fund. The feasibility of its implementation in the midst of staff shortage, inadequate resources and its impact on the public health sector was seen as a major challenge. The notion of a joint effort between public and private health sector in creating one health system was anticipated by most participants. The NHI implementation raised concerns about the impact it will have on the private sectors viability in the future. Professional nurse’s non-involvement in policy making, poor communication, lack of transparency, concerns about governance and management were perceived to be stumbling blocks towards efficient and effective implementation of the NHI.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The perceptions of provincial EMS managers regarding the management of the millennial employees in the nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Authors: Huysamen, Pieter Johannes
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Emergency medical services -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Personnel management Employees -- Management -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30341 , vital:30932
- Description: Literature on generational theory has paid much attention to the differences in values and work ethics between employees from different generational cohorts, but more specifically between managers and the Millennial Generation. These differences in values and ethics affect the way in which multigenerational employees perceive one another, which often leads to conflict and demotivation in the workplace. In an attempt to explore the perceptions of managers of the Emergency Medical Services regarding the management of the Millennial Generation, the researcher undertook a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual study. Data were gathered through 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers of provincial Emergency Medical Services in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. Data were analysed by using Tesch’s steps in data analysis. During the data analysis, the following four main themes emerged: The employees from the Millennial Generation lacked the discipline required for working in emergency services. The employees from the Millennial Generation had up-to-date knowledge, but had little practical experience. Specific attributes of the Millennial Generation were identified. The managers indicated that the employees from the Millennial Generation were in need of management support. The researcher found that many of the participants’ perceptions were inaccurate and influenced by preconceived generational stereotypes and prejudices. The research ended with recommendations, which should assist managers to manage employees from the Millennial Generation in the Emergency Medical Services more effectively. Recommendations were also made for further research. It is acknowledged that the research study had limitations, which included the fact that the data were only collected from one of the eight districts in the Eastern Cape and that the study did not include the private ambulance services in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Huysamen, Pieter Johannes
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Emergency medical services -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Personnel management Employees -- Management -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30341 , vital:30932
- Description: Literature on generational theory has paid much attention to the differences in values and work ethics between employees from different generational cohorts, but more specifically between managers and the Millennial Generation. These differences in values and ethics affect the way in which multigenerational employees perceive one another, which often leads to conflict and demotivation in the workplace. In an attempt to explore the perceptions of managers of the Emergency Medical Services regarding the management of the Millennial Generation, the researcher undertook a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual study. Data were gathered through 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers of provincial Emergency Medical Services in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. Data were analysed by using Tesch’s steps in data analysis. During the data analysis, the following four main themes emerged: The employees from the Millennial Generation lacked the discipline required for working in emergency services. The employees from the Millennial Generation had up-to-date knowledge, but had little practical experience. Specific attributes of the Millennial Generation were identified. The managers indicated that the employees from the Millennial Generation were in need of management support. The researcher found that many of the participants’ perceptions were inaccurate and influenced by preconceived generational stereotypes and prejudices. The research ended with recommendations, which should assist managers to manage employees from the Millennial Generation in the Emergency Medical Services more effectively. Recommendations were also made for further research. It is acknowledged that the research study had limitations, which included the fact that the data were only collected from one of the eight districts in the Eastern Cape and that the study did not include the private ambulance services in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The personal development of steve jobs :a psychobiographical study
- Authors: Van Staden, Dete
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Jobs, Steve, 1955-2011 , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Developmental psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45723 , vital:38958
- Description: A psychobiography is the construction of an individual’s life according to a psychological theory. This psychobiography reviews the life of Steven Paul Jobs (1955-2011), United States information technology intrepreneur and inventor. This study employs a qualitative, case study design. The researcher preferred a specific individual, therefore this study entails a non- probability, purposive sampling procedure. The data collection consists of primary and secondary sources. Data analysis was conducted according to Alexander’s (1988) model, as well as Miles and Huberman’s (1994) approach. The research conducted was done in an ethical manner. The primary aim of this study is to describe and interpret Jobs’ personal development through the application of tevinson et al.’s human development framework. Jobs was born, and soon after birth, given up for adoption. At the age of twenty-one, he and his friend, Steve Wozniak, invented Apple Computers. Jobs was known as an entrepreneur, innovator and genius, and was recognised as a pioneer in the information technology world. Regardless of personal and business disappointments, he designed successful products, generated enormous profits and led Apple to become the world’s most valuable and leading company. Through exploring Jobs’ life, a holistic overview of his personal development was obtained. The findings revealed that Jobs created a life structure for himself which allowed him to follow his dreams and spiration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Van Staden, Dete
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Jobs, Steve, 1955-2011 , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Developmental psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45723 , vital:38958
- Description: A psychobiography is the construction of an individual’s life according to a psychological theory. This psychobiography reviews the life of Steven Paul Jobs (1955-2011), United States information technology intrepreneur and inventor. This study employs a qualitative, case study design. The researcher preferred a specific individual, therefore this study entails a non- probability, purposive sampling procedure. The data collection consists of primary and secondary sources. Data analysis was conducted according to Alexander’s (1988) model, as well as Miles and Huberman’s (1994) approach. The research conducted was done in an ethical manner. The primary aim of this study is to describe and interpret Jobs’ personal development through the application of tevinson et al.’s human development framework. Jobs was born, and soon after birth, given up for adoption. At the age of twenty-one, he and his friend, Steve Wozniak, invented Apple Computers. Jobs was known as an entrepreneur, innovator and genius, and was recognised as a pioneer in the information technology world. Regardless of personal and business disappointments, he designed successful products, generated enormous profits and led Apple to become the world’s most valuable and leading company. Through exploring Jobs’ life, a holistic overview of his personal development was obtained. The findings revealed that Jobs created a life structure for himself which allowed him to follow his dreams and spiration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The photophysicochemical behavior of symmetric and asymmetric zinc phthalocyanines, surface assembled onto gold nanotriangles
- Dube, Edith, Nwaji, Njemuwa, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233310 , vital:50079 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ02746C"
- Description: The synthesis of a novel asymmetric phthalocyanine, (4-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)-2,10,17-tris(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninatol)zinc(II), complex 3, is reported. Complex 3 together with the previously reported complexes tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (4) and 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninatol)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid zinc(II) (5), were linked to gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) through S–Au/Au–N self-assembly to afford the conjugates (3-AuNTs, 4-AuNTs and 5-AuNTs). The photophysicochemical behaviour of the complexes and their conjugates were studied. The asymmetric complexes 3 and 5, displayed improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields compared to the symmetric complex 4, while all conjugates displayed improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields compared to their respective complexes alone. The complexes and their conjugates could serve as good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233310 , vital:50079 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ02746C"
- Description: The synthesis of a novel asymmetric phthalocyanine, (4-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)-2,10,17-tris(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninatol)zinc(II), complex 3, is reported. Complex 3 together with the previously reported complexes tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (4) and 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninatol)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid zinc(II) (5), were linked to gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) through S–Au/Au–N self-assembly to afford the conjugates (3-AuNTs, 4-AuNTs and 5-AuNTs). The photophysicochemical behaviour of the complexes and their conjugates were studied. The asymmetric complexes 3 and 5, displayed improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields compared to the symmetric complex 4, while all conjugates displayed improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields compared to their respective complexes alone. The complexes and their conjugates could serve as good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The place of language in supporting children’s mathematical development: two Grade 4 teachers’ use of classroom talk
- Authors: Robertson, Sally-Ann, 1952-
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mathematics Study and teaching (Elementary) South Africa , Multilingual education South Africa , Language and education South Africa , Translanguaging (Linguistics) , Language policy South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62072 , vital:28104
- Description: Measures of mathematics achievement (documented locally, and in internationally comparative terms) have shown that South African learners whose first language (L1) is different from their language of learning and teaching (LoLT) are at a significant disadvantage, most particularly learners from vulnerable or marginalised communities. This transdisciplinary case study looks at two experienced Grade 4 teachers’ mathematics classroom talk practices. It is situated within a second language (L2) teaching/learning context in which teachers and learners share the same first language, but mathematics learning and teaching takes place officially through an L2 (English). The study is located within a qualitative and interpretive framework. It brings together insights from a range of distinct but complementary theoretical disciplines in its analysis of the empirical classroom observation and interview data. Its theoretical framing derives initially from professional literature relating to L2 teaching and learning. This is then embedded within a broader theoretical frame deriving from the work of Vygotsky, Bernstein and Halliday, each of whom has focussed on the centrality of language to the teaching/ learning process, as well as contributed to a heightened appreciation of socio-cultural influences on learners’ meaning-making processes. The study illuminates some of the linguistic challenges to L2 children’s maximal participation in the learning of school mathematics. It points too to the significant challenge many South African mathematics teachers face in trying to meet curriculum coverage and pacing demands, while simultaneously facilitating their learners’ ongoing induction – in and through L2 predominantly – into mathematically-appropriate discourse. Grade 4 is a year in which such challenges are often more acutely felt. Independently of the transition across to an L2 for the majority of South African learners, this is the year also where - relative to the foundation phase years - learners encounter an expansion of knowledge areas and more specialised academic text. Many learners struggle to adjust to these higher conceptual and linguistic demands, often leading to what has been termed a ‘fourth-grade slump’. The study highlights the need for more sustained and proactive challenging of perceptions that English as LoLT is the obvious route to educational - and subsequent economic - opportunity. Recognition of the consequences deriving from the choice of English as the main LoLT for mathematics teaching and learning could help counterbalance deficit discourses implicating poor teaching as a major contributor to South Africa’s poor mathematics education outcomes. The study highlights further that, if language is genuinely to be used as the ‘tool’ for learning it is claimed to be, synergistic opportunities for the dovetailing of insights into L2 learners’ literacy/ numeracy development require further exploration. It points to the need for ongoing professional development support for teachers of mathematics (at both pre- and in-service levels) that focuses on broadening and deepening their understandings around the linguistic, and hence epistemological, consequences of learning mathematics through an L2. Expanding mathematics teachers’ repertoires of strategies for supporting learners’ developing cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) in mathematics (in both L1 and L2) would involve a conception of ‘academic language’ in mathematics which goes beyond a constrained interpretation of ‘legitimate’ mathematical text as that which is in texts such as curriculum documents and text books. Especially important here are strategies which foreground the value of classroom talk in assisting L2 children towards becoming more confident, competent and explorative bilingual learners, and thereby, more active agents of their own mathematical meaning-making processes. The study argues that such meaning-making processes would be further strengthened were additive bilingualism (in place of current predominantly subtractive practices) to be genuinely taken up as core to any teaching and learning of mathematics in contexts such as those described in this case study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Robertson, Sally-Ann, 1952-
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mathematics Study and teaching (Elementary) South Africa , Multilingual education South Africa , Language and education South Africa , Translanguaging (Linguistics) , Language policy South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62072 , vital:28104
- Description: Measures of mathematics achievement (documented locally, and in internationally comparative terms) have shown that South African learners whose first language (L1) is different from their language of learning and teaching (LoLT) are at a significant disadvantage, most particularly learners from vulnerable or marginalised communities. This transdisciplinary case study looks at two experienced Grade 4 teachers’ mathematics classroom talk practices. It is situated within a second language (L2) teaching/learning context in which teachers and learners share the same first language, but mathematics learning and teaching takes place officially through an L2 (English). The study is located within a qualitative and interpretive framework. It brings together insights from a range of distinct but complementary theoretical disciplines in its analysis of the empirical classroom observation and interview data. Its theoretical framing derives initially from professional literature relating to L2 teaching and learning. This is then embedded within a broader theoretical frame deriving from the work of Vygotsky, Bernstein and Halliday, each of whom has focussed on the centrality of language to the teaching/ learning process, as well as contributed to a heightened appreciation of socio-cultural influences on learners’ meaning-making processes. The study illuminates some of the linguistic challenges to L2 children’s maximal participation in the learning of school mathematics. It points too to the significant challenge many South African mathematics teachers face in trying to meet curriculum coverage and pacing demands, while simultaneously facilitating their learners’ ongoing induction – in and through L2 predominantly – into mathematically-appropriate discourse. Grade 4 is a year in which such challenges are often more acutely felt. Independently of the transition across to an L2 for the majority of South African learners, this is the year also where - relative to the foundation phase years - learners encounter an expansion of knowledge areas and more specialised academic text. Many learners struggle to adjust to these higher conceptual and linguistic demands, often leading to what has been termed a ‘fourth-grade slump’. The study highlights the need for more sustained and proactive challenging of perceptions that English as LoLT is the obvious route to educational - and subsequent economic - opportunity. Recognition of the consequences deriving from the choice of English as the main LoLT for mathematics teaching and learning could help counterbalance deficit discourses implicating poor teaching as a major contributor to South Africa’s poor mathematics education outcomes. The study highlights further that, if language is genuinely to be used as the ‘tool’ for learning it is claimed to be, synergistic opportunities for the dovetailing of insights into L2 learners’ literacy/ numeracy development require further exploration. It points to the need for ongoing professional development support for teachers of mathematics (at both pre- and in-service levels) that focuses on broadening and deepening their understandings around the linguistic, and hence epistemological, consequences of learning mathematics through an L2. Expanding mathematics teachers’ repertoires of strategies for supporting learners’ developing cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) in mathematics (in both L1 and L2) would involve a conception of ‘academic language’ in mathematics which goes beyond a constrained interpretation of ‘legitimate’ mathematical text as that which is in texts such as curriculum documents and text books. Especially important here are strategies which foreground the value of classroom talk in assisting L2 children towards becoming more confident, competent and explorative bilingual learners, and thereby, more active agents of their own mathematical meaning-making processes. The study argues that such meaning-making processes would be further strengthened were additive bilingualism (in place of current predominantly subtractive practices) to be genuinely taken up as core to any teaching and learning of mathematics in contexts such as those described in this case study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The potential significance of refugia in safeguarding Non-Timber Forest products under Harvesting
- Authors: Mjoli, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Non-timber forest products -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60596 , vital:27801
- Description: Many rural households living in and adjacent to forests in South Africa harvest a variety of NonTimber Forest Products (NTFPs) such as wild fruits, fibre, fuelwood, seeds, medicine and bush meat for domestic use, sale and maintaining cultural values. To promote the continued availability of these NTFPs it is important that NTFPs are well maintained and that harvest offtake is sustainable, because if it is not, then the important livelihood function that they fulfil will be jeopardized over time. The role of refugia in conserving pockets of threatened species from overharvesting has rarely been considered. Building on Shackleton et al. (2015), six applications of the concept are considered: size refugia, spatial refugia, cultural/spiritual refugia and physical/habitat refugia. I examined the prevalence and type of refugia for NTFPs at three coastal sites in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. This was done via several community focus group discussions at each site. Here I report on the role of refugia in offering some safeguard to NTFPs by assessing harvested and non-harvested sites of refugia as well as individual plant species by measuring population density, harvest damage and size class profile. Respondents from the focus group discussions perceived a general decline in the abundance of common, widely used species over the past five decades. Decreasing rainfall and distant farming activities was reported consistently by the majority of the respondents. The most common form of refugia was spatial refugia, followed by cultural/spiritual refugia and physical/habitat refugia. Only six species were identified to be in refugia, namely Cyperus congestus, Cyperus textillis, Millettia grandis, Olea europaea subsp. africana, Phoenix reclinata, and Ptaeroxylon obliquum. Population inventories revealed that regeneration and population densities of some NTFP species in the non-refuge site were adversely affected by harvesting. Populations in refuge sites generally had the largest size classes indicating a regeneration potential but likely to impact regeneration over time if pressures are maintained. Therefore, if refuge sites keep larger individuals, NTFP populations can be maintained. Few studies have critically analyzed the concept of refugia in relation to how NTFPs can be safeguarded and the practical implication of the refuge concept needs to be considered in conservation and strategies and population models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mjoli, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Non-timber forest products -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60596 , vital:27801
- Description: Many rural households living in and adjacent to forests in South Africa harvest a variety of NonTimber Forest Products (NTFPs) such as wild fruits, fibre, fuelwood, seeds, medicine and bush meat for domestic use, sale and maintaining cultural values. To promote the continued availability of these NTFPs it is important that NTFPs are well maintained and that harvest offtake is sustainable, because if it is not, then the important livelihood function that they fulfil will be jeopardized over time. The role of refugia in conserving pockets of threatened species from overharvesting has rarely been considered. Building on Shackleton et al. (2015), six applications of the concept are considered: size refugia, spatial refugia, cultural/spiritual refugia and physical/habitat refugia. I examined the prevalence and type of refugia for NTFPs at three coastal sites in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. This was done via several community focus group discussions at each site. Here I report on the role of refugia in offering some safeguard to NTFPs by assessing harvested and non-harvested sites of refugia as well as individual plant species by measuring population density, harvest damage and size class profile. Respondents from the focus group discussions perceived a general decline in the abundance of common, widely used species over the past five decades. Decreasing rainfall and distant farming activities was reported consistently by the majority of the respondents. The most common form of refugia was spatial refugia, followed by cultural/spiritual refugia and physical/habitat refugia. Only six species were identified to be in refugia, namely Cyperus congestus, Cyperus textillis, Millettia grandis, Olea europaea subsp. africana, Phoenix reclinata, and Ptaeroxylon obliquum. Population inventories revealed that regeneration and population densities of some NTFP species in the non-refuge site were adversely affected by harvesting. Populations in refuge sites generally had the largest size classes indicating a regeneration potential but likely to impact regeneration over time if pressures are maintained. Therefore, if refuge sites keep larger individuals, NTFP populations can be maintained. Few studies have critically analyzed the concept of refugia in relation to how NTFPs can be safeguarded and the practical implication of the refuge concept needs to be considered in conservation and strategies and population models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The potential use of natural resources in urban informal settlements as substitutes for financial capital during flooding emergencies
- Dalu, Mwazvita, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Dalu, Mwazvita , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179814 , vital:43191 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.03.002"
- Description: Rapid and widespread land cover change and the subsequent loss of the buffering capacity provided by healthy ecosystems against natural hazards has resulted in increased vulnerability to natural hazards. There is an insufficient understanding of the natural resources contribution to the resilience of poor urban communities living in informal settlements and the financial implications thereof. Thus, household strategies used to recover from the October 2012 flood shock were investigated within the informal settlements of three small South African towns using questionnaires. Within the vulnerability paradigm and the sustainable livelihood framework, the study also quantified and evaluated the relative contribution of natural resources to recovery strategies and the impacts on household financial capital. We found that natural resources contributed up to 70% to recovery of households from the flood shock, most of this being to reconstruct housing structures after the flood. Factors such as household head education level, household income, kinship level, the extent of property damage and the cost associated with property rehabilitation significantly influenced the uptake of natural resources in recovery from floods, and this was variable among settlements and towns. The main findings showed that natural resources reduced household vulnerability of urban informal settlements by providing an emergency-net function that substitutes financial capital. Their inclusion in disaster management plans and responses has the potential to contribute to the sustainable livelihoods of the urban poor in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dalu, Mwazvita , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179814 , vital:43191 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.03.002"
- Description: Rapid and widespread land cover change and the subsequent loss of the buffering capacity provided by healthy ecosystems against natural hazards has resulted in increased vulnerability to natural hazards. There is an insufficient understanding of the natural resources contribution to the resilience of poor urban communities living in informal settlements and the financial implications thereof. Thus, household strategies used to recover from the October 2012 flood shock were investigated within the informal settlements of three small South African towns using questionnaires. Within the vulnerability paradigm and the sustainable livelihood framework, the study also quantified and evaluated the relative contribution of natural resources to recovery strategies and the impacts on household financial capital. We found that natural resources contributed up to 70% to recovery of households from the flood shock, most of this being to reconstruct housing structures after the flood. Factors such as household head education level, household income, kinship level, the extent of property damage and the cost associated with property rehabilitation significantly influenced the uptake of natural resources in recovery from floods, and this was variable among settlements and towns. The main findings showed that natural resources reduced household vulnerability of urban informal settlements by providing an emergency-net function that substitutes financial capital. Their inclusion in disaster management plans and responses has the potential to contribute to the sustainable livelihoods of the urban poor in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The potential use of treated brewery effluent as a water and nutrient source in irrigated crop production
- Taylor, Richard P, Jones, Clifford L W, Laing, Mark D, Dames, Joanna F
- Authors: Taylor, Richard P , Jones, Clifford L W , Laing, Mark D , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440476 , vital:73785 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2018.02.001
- Description: Brewery effluent (BE) needs to be treated before it can be released into the environment, reused or used in down-stream activities. This study demonstrated that anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by treatment in an integrated tertiary effluent treatment system transformed BE into a suitable solution for crop irrigation. Brewery effluent can be used to improve crop yields: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. Star 3301), grew significantly larger when irrigated with post-AD, post-primary-facultative-pond (PFP) effluent, compared with those irrigated with post-constructed-wetland (CW) effluent or tap water only.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Taylor, Richard P , Jones, Clifford L W , Laing, Mark D , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440476 , vital:73785 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2018.02.001
- Description: Brewery effluent (BE) needs to be treated before it can be released into the environment, reused or used in down-stream activities. This study demonstrated that anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by treatment in an integrated tertiary effluent treatment system transformed BE into a suitable solution for crop irrigation. Brewery effluent can be used to improve crop yields: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. Star 3301), grew significantly larger when irrigated with post-AD, post-primary-facultative-pond (PFP) effluent, compared with those irrigated with post-constructed-wetland (CW) effluent or tap water only.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The power of mysticism: understanding political support for President Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe
- Manzira, Rufaro Coucou Annette
- Authors: Manzira, Rufaro Coucou Annette
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mysticism -- Psychology , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Mugabe, Robert Gabriel, 1924-2019 , Allegiance -- Zimbabwe , Political capital -- Zimbabwe , Political psychology -- Zimbabwe , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Apotheosis , Zimbabwe -- Kings and rulers -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63693 , vital:28472
- Description: Significant debate exists within Zimbabwean studies about the basis for which people support on an ongoing basis the ruling Zimbabweans African National Union- Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) under the leadership of Robert Mugabe. In academic literature, the party and state president (Mugabe) is typically seen as an oppressor such that any support for Mugabe is understood based on compulsion rather than consent. Genuine support for the ruling party though implies that Mugabe is a liberator. In drawing upon Zimbabwean academic literature which seeks to understand why Mugabe might be understood as a liberator, this thesis seeks to provide an innovative sociological analysis focusing on the mysticism surrounding the person and ruler-ship of Mugabe. The mysticism portrays Mugabe as being blessed by the ancestors and spirits, as having divine and sage-like qualities, as speaking for the bones of the dead heroes, and as acting as a modern day national chief who cares for his national subjects and defends his chiefdom against enemies from within or without. This portrait of Mugabe resonates with many Zimbabweans as it speaks to their everyday experiences and their longings for nation-building and national belonging. Hence, it should not be strictly understood as a ruling party ideology foisted upon citizens as a means of political deception. This is explored through interviews with a small number of ZANU-PF supporters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Manzira, Rufaro Coucou Annette
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mysticism -- Psychology , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Mugabe, Robert Gabriel, 1924-2019 , Allegiance -- Zimbabwe , Political capital -- Zimbabwe , Political psychology -- Zimbabwe , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Apotheosis , Zimbabwe -- Kings and rulers -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63693 , vital:28472
- Description: Significant debate exists within Zimbabwean studies about the basis for which people support on an ongoing basis the ruling Zimbabweans African National Union- Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) under the leadership of Robert Mugabe. In academic literature, the party and state president (Mugabe) is typically seen as an oppressor such that any support for Mugabe is understood based on compulsion rather than consent. Genuine support for the ruling party though implies that Mugabe is a liberator. In drawing upon Zimbabwean academic literature which seeks to understand why Mugabe might be understood as a liberator, this thesis seeks to provide an innovative sociological analysis focusing on the mysticism surrounding the person and ruler-ship of Mugabe. The mysticism portrays Mugabe as being blessed by the ancestors and spirits, as having divine and sage-like qualities, as speaking for the bones of the dead heroes, and as acting as a modern day national chief who cares for his national subjects and defends his chiefdom against enemies from within or without. This portrait of Mugabe resonates with many Zimbabweans as it speaks to their everyday experiences and their longings for nation-building and national belonging. Hence, it should not be strictly understood as a ruling party ideology foisted upon citizens as a means of political deception. This is explored through interviews with a small number of ZANU-PF supporters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The praxis of reasonability and onus of proof in tax administration in South Africa
- Authors: Mostert, Tarita
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Tax administration and procedure -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Internal revenue law -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22802 , vital:30091
- Description: The legal principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof date back to ancient times. The first codification of these principles occurred in Roman Law. The Tax Administration Act incorporates these principles in various sections. The purpose of this treatise as formulated in Chapter 1 was to determine whether there is a close connection (in practice) between tax administration (within the context of the Tax Administration Act) and the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof. SARS acknowledges that the principles of best international practice in tax administration must be taken into account1. These principles include equity, fairness, certainty, simplicity, efficiency and effectiveness. Effective tax administration entails that a balance must be struck between the rights and obligations of the taxpayers and those of SARS2. It is important that the taxpayers and SARS strive to communicate with one another in an efficient and effective manner in order to resolve disputes between them. The treatise followed a logical approach. This entailed that the general interpretation of aspects had to be followed by the tax specific interpretation of the aspects. The general interpretation included an analysis of case law as well as research into the origins of the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof. Reasonableness and the burden of proof do not require perfection. It is important, however, that assertions must be accompanied by evidence. The quality and quantity of evidence submitted is dependent upon the relevant facts and circumstances of a matter. The facts and circumstances of a matter also constitute determining factors in 1 Draft Explanatory Memorandum on the Draft Tax Administration Bill, 2009 at 1 in 2.5. 2 Ibid in 2.1.evaluating whether the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof have been applied. The treatise concludes that increased efforts are necessary in order to ensure that the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof are adhered to in tax administration. This obligation is not limited to SARS but also includes taxpayers and tax practitioners. This is closely linked to effective and efficient communication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mostert, Tarita
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Tax administration and procedure -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Internal revenue law -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22802 , vital:30091
- Description: The legal principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof date back to ancient times. The first codification of these principles occurred in Roman Law. The Tax Administration Act incorporates these principles in various sections. The purpose of this treatise as formulated in Chapter 1 was to determine whether there is a close connection (in practice) between tax administration (within the context of the Tax Administration Act) and the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof. SARS acknowledges that the principles of best international practice in tax administration must be taken into account1. These principles include equity, fairness, certainty, simplicity, efficiency and effectiveness. Effective tax administration entails that a balance must be struck between the rights and obligations of the taxpayers and those of SARS2. It is important that the taxpayers and SARS strive to communicate with one another in an efficient and effective manner in order to resolve disputes between them. The treatise followed a logical approach. This entailed that the general interpretation of aspects had to be followed by the tax specific interpretation of the aspects. The general interpretation included an analysis of case law as well as research into the origins of the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof. Reasonableness and the burden of proof do not require perfection. It is important, however, that assertions must be accompanied by evidence. The quality and quantity of evidence submitted is dependent upon the relevant facts and circumstances of a matter. The facts and circumstances of a matter also constitute determining factors in 1 Draft Explanatory Memorandum on the Draft Tax Administration Bill, 2009 at 1 in 2.5. 2 Ibid in 2.1.evaluating whether the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof have been applied. The treatise concludes that increased efforts are necessary in order to ensure that the principles of reasonableness and the burden of proof are adhered to in tax administration. This obligation is not limited to SARS but also includes taxpayers and tax practitioners. This is closely linked to effective and efficient communication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The Primary Demonstration of Exciton Coupling Effects on Optical Limiting Properties of Blue Double-Decker Lanthanide Phthalocyanine Salts
- Sekhosana, Kutloano E, Nkhahle, Reitumetse, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Nkhahle, Reitumetse , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234614 , vital:50213 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800597"
- Description: In this manuscript, novel green and blue sandwich-type rare-earth phthalocyanines (LnPc2) are presented. This parent green LnPc2 complex is named bis-{2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra(4-tert-buylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato} neodymium (III) (2) and modified into blue LnPc2 complexes (3), (4) and (5) based on hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion, mononeodymium(III) diacetate and monodysprosium(III) diacetate as counter ions, respectively. These stable blue lanthanide Pc salts are highly soluble in many organic and inorganic solvents. All complexes 2, 3, 4 and 5 were studied for optical limiting for the first time using Z-scan at nanosecond regime in the visible absorption spectral wavelength (532 nm). Our studies reveal the advantage of exciton coupling in blue sandwich-type rare-earth phthalocyanines over the π-radicals (characterized by blue valence at 485 nm) in the green counterpart which are in resonance with the 532 nm wavelength for optical limiting application. Large singlet ground state to excited state absorption cross section ratios were found, particularly for complex 5 in comparison to that of complex 2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Nkhahle, Reitumetse , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234614 , vital:50213 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800597"
- Description: In this manuscript, novel green and blue sandwich-type rare-earth phthalocyanines (LnPc2) are presented. This parent green LnPc2 complex is named bis-{2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra(4-tert-buylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato} neodymium (III) (2) and modified into blue LnPc2 complexes (3), (4) and (5) based on hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion, mononeodymium(III) diacetate and monodysprosium(III) diacetate as counter ions, respectively. These stable blue lanthanide Pc salts are highly soluble in many organic and inorganic solvents. All complexes 2, 3, 4 and 5 were studied for optical limiting for the first time using Z-scan at nanosecond regime in the visible absorption spectral wavelength (532 nm). Our studies reveal the advantage of exciton coupling in blue sandwich-type rare-earth phthalocyanines over the π-radicals (characterized by blue valence at 485 nm) in the green counterpart which are in resonance with the 532 nm wavelength for optical limiting application. Large singlet ground state to excited state absorption cross section ratios were found, particularly for complex 5 in comparison to that of complex 2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The principle of complementarity and hybrid courts: the case of the Special Criminal Court for the Central African Republic
- Juma, Laurence, Chigowe, Lloyd
- Authors: Juma, Laurence , Chigowe, Lloyd
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125219 , vital:35747 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-110b0e557f
- Description: This paper seeks to locate the place of hybrid courts in the Rome Statute’s complementarity model using the Central African Republic’s Special Courts as a case study. The introduction of the Special Courts when the International Criminal Court has already intervened in Central African Republic has raised some concern regarding the Special Courts relationship with the International Criminal Court, especially whether it may defeat the complementarity regime established under article 17 of the Rome Statute. This paper seeks to dispel this concern. It argues that the creation of the Special Criminal Court should never be perceived as an indictment to the Rome Statute principle of complementarity, but instead a useful attempt to close the impunity gap that has arisen as a result of the collapse or dysfunctionality of national criminal justice system.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Juma, Laurence , Chigowe, Lloyd
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125219 , vital:35747 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-110b0e557f
- Description: This paper seeks to locate the place of hybrid courts in the Rome Statute’s complementarity model using the Central African Republic’s Special Courts as a case study. The introduction of the Special Courts when the International Criminal Court has already intervened in Central African Republic has raised some concern regarding the Special Courts relationship with the International Criminal Court, especially whether it may defeat the complementarity regime established under article 17 of the Rome Statute. This paper seeks to dispel this concern. It argues that the creation of the Special Criminal Court should never be perceived as an indictment to the Rome Statute principle of complementarity, but instead a useful attempt to close the impunity gap that has arisen as a result of the collapse or dysfunctionality of national criminal justice system.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The production and commercialization of palm wine from Hyphaene coriacea and Phoenix reclinata in Zitundo area, southern Mozambique
- Martins, Angelina R O, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Martins, Angelina R O , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179802 , vital:43190 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.389"
- Description: In southern Mozambique a traditional wine is produced using the sap from two palm species, Hyphaene coriacea and Phoenix reclinata. Production of palm wine is one of the main livelihood activities in the Zitundo area. We examined the local production and trade of palm wine in the area. Using structured interviews we investigated the tapping activity, local management practices and the palm wine market, and assessed the incomes derived from palm wine sales and the tappers' perceptions on productivity, abundance and sales fluctuation. Tapping palms was practiced year round in five of the sixteen villages in the area and the mean number of palms tapped per day was 102 ± 52 per tapper. Tappers spent an average of 25 ± 18 h per week on tapping activities resulting in an average return to labour of R39 (± US$3) per hour. The mean, annual, net income from palm wine sales was R24,981 ± R12,094 (US$1878 ± 909) per tapper, which accounted for 85% ± 22% of the tappers' annual household income. Palm wine is a highly commercial commodity in Zitundo area, with an average commercialization index of 63% ± 23%, and is likely to help alleviate poverty in the area. Hyphaene coriacea was tapped more than Phoenix reclinata, although most tappers regard the wine from the latter to be of a better quality. The importance of palm tapping in local livelihoods and poverty alleviation needs greater acknowledgement by government and development agencies in the area, towards inclusion in sectoral development policies and conservation programmes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Martins, Angelina R O , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179802 , vital:43190 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.389"
- Description: In southern Mozambique a traditional wine is produced using the sap from two palm species, Hyphaene coriacea and Phoenix reclinata. Production of palm wine is one of the main livelihood activities in the Zitundo area. We examined the local production and trade of palm wine in the area. Using structured interviews we investigated the tapping activity, local management practices and the palm wine market, and assessed the incomes derived from palm wine sales and the tappers' perceptions on productivity, abundance and sales fluctuation. Tapping palms was practiced year round in five of the sixteen villages in the area and the mean number of palms tapped per day was 102 ± 52 per tapper. Tappers spent an average of 25 ± 18 h per week on tapping activities resulting in an average return to labour of R39 (± US$3) per hour. The mean, annual, net income from palm wine sales was R24,981 ± R12,094 (US$1878 ± 909) per tapper, which accounted for 85% ± 22% of the tappers' annual household income. Palm wine is a highly commercial commodity in Zitundo area, with an average commercialization index of 63% ± 23%, and is likely to help alleviate poverty in the area. Hyphaene coriacea was tapped more than Phoenix reclinata, although most tappers regard the wine from the latter to be of a better quality. The importance of palm tapping in local livelihoods and poverty alleviation needs greater acknowledgement by government and development agencies in the area, towards inclusion in sectoral development policies and conservation programmes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The protection offered in terms of the 2014 labour law amendments to fixed-term Contract and part-time employees
- Authors: Ntsebeza, Uonella
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Labor contract -- South Africa Employee rights -- South Africa Labor market -- laws and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33567 , vital:32888
- Description: Labour law knows that employers are generally in a stronger bargaining position than employees.1Therefore, labour law is largely premised on the idea of protection of the interest of employees. Fixed term employees2 as ‘atypical’3 or ‘conditional’ employees are particularly weak bargaining parties in the employment relationship. It is common practice for employers to treat fixed term and part-time employees differently to their permanent colleagues. Temporary employment relationships are often associated with the withholding of rights and benefits, lack of job security, deprivation of status and poor remuneration. Fixed term employees are also likely to be more exposed to exploitation, particularly those who are not highly skilled. 4In addition, they often do not enjoy trade union protection and are not covered by collective agreements. Most of these workers are unskilled or work in sectors with limited trade union organisation and limited coverage by collective bargaining, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation. Therefore, fixed term employees are more inclined to depend on the statutory protection enacted to ensure basic working conditions. These employees are often not recruited into trade unions due to the precarious or temporary nature of their work fixed term employees are more inclined to depend on statutory protection enacted to ensure basic working conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ntsebeza, Uonella
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Labor contract -- South Africa Employee rights -- South Africa Labor market -- laws and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33567 , vital:32888
- Description: Labour law knows that employers are generally in a stronger bargaining position than employees.1Therefore, labour law is largely premised on the idea of protection of the interest of employees. Fixed term employees2 as ‘atypical’3 or ‘conditional’ employees are particularly weak bargaining parties in the employment relationship. It is common practice for employers to treat fixed term and part-time employees differently to their permanent colleagues. Temporary employment relationships are often associated with the withholding of rights and benefits, lack of job security, deprivation of status and poor remuneration. Fixed term employees are also likely to be more exposed to exploitation, particularly those who are not highly skilled. 4In addition, they often do not enjoy trade union protection and are not covered by collective agreements. Most of these workers are unskilled or work in sectors with limited trade union organisation and limited coverage by collective bargaining, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation. Therefore, fixed term employees are more inclined to depend on the statutory protection enacted to ensure basic working conditions. These employees are often not recruited into trade unions due to the precarious or temporary nature of their work fixed term employees are more inclined to depend on statutory protection enacted to ensure basic working conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The psycho-social functioning and experiences of children in child-headed households in Gauteng Province, South Africa
- Authors: Agere, Leonard Munyaradzi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Adult children -- South Africa -- Conduct of life , Youth-headed households -- South Africa , Child support -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10646 , vital:35651
- Description: The study was aimed at investigating the psycho-social needs and lived experiences of child headed households in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. A mixed methods approach was used to collect and analyse the data. The qualitative approach was the dominant one, while a quantitative approach was used to corroborate the qualitative findings. The quantitative data was collected through a survey. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed among children in child headed households. The child headed households were selected through simple random sampling from the databases of the NGOs and community based organisations that had agreed to participate in the study. The quantitative component of the study produced results that supported the qualitative findings. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, which were conducted with purposively selected social service practitioners and community structures who were involved in work with child headed households. The resilience approach, which posits that humans are born with inherent reserves to face adversity, and the ecological systems theory, which postulates the framework in which an individual can be understood in his constant interactions and relationships within community and wider society, inform this study. The findings of the study indicate that there were various psycho social needs and challenges that child headed households faced. As Maslow postulated in his hierarchy of needs theory, inferences were made to the diverse needs of the child headed households. Physiological needs like food, clothing and finance were found to be more presenting and eminent needs for the child headed households. The study findings highlighted safety needs in the form of need for formal housing as the majority lived in informal settlements where they were exposed to much vulnerability like violence, sexual exploitation and other social misdemeanours. Other needs were esteem and familial needs, which provided a platform to foster senses of identity and belonging. However, there were other child headed households who were fortunate to have extended family members and community based organisations that assisted by providing these needs and these gestures were appreciated by the households as they ameliorated dire situations and cushioned them from absolute poverty. The findings further revealed that the psycho social challenges and needs did not only present when the household became child headed household but when their parent/s was still with them and were only exacerbated in their absence. The effects of living with parental illness, sadness and anxiety due to dramatic changes in dynamics, pain and trauma witnessing a parent dying were among the psychosocial challenges faced when the parent was still present with the children. After their departure or absence the challenges shifted and the debilitating effects of grief and loss, emotional trauma, living without adult caregiver and stigma and discrimination, were among the cocktail of challenges that the child headed households faced. However, others had support from extended family members and community structures that supported them with palliative care for the terminally ill and this afforded them the much needed respite as they focused on their studies and enjoyed their rights to be children. The study reveals that children have several coping mechanisms that exude their resilience and this includes support from social workers in promoting sustainable development goals (SDG’s) including no poverty, good health and well-being and quality education (goals 1, 3 and 4). The study highlighted that others had to supplement education with paid work (informal) whilst some ended up disengaging from their education to pursue paid employment to eke a living and support their siblings. The community and NGO’s were seen as vital components of the ecosystem that promoted the resilience of the child headed households in coping with their day to day challenges and needs. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that the South African government should, among other things, provide a properly resourced, co-ordinated and well managed child protection system to facilitate constituency work that responds to the real needs of child headed households and SMART planning by social workers, with systemic teaming around CHH with the DSD as lead agency. The study also recommends a psychosocial approach to CHH care in the form of a model that rallies for robust assessments that social service practitioners and every structure that has the “duty to care” for CHH, can embed in their practice for improved outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Agere, Leonard Munyaradzi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Adult children -- South Africa -- Conduct of life , Youth-headed households -- South Africa , Child support -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10646 , vital:35651
- Description: The study was aimed at investigating the psycho-social needs and lived experiences of child headed households in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. A mixed methods approach was used to collect and analyse the data. The qualitative approach was the dominant one, while a quantitative approach was used to corroborate the qualitative findings. The quantitative data was collected through a survey. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed among children in child headed households. The child headed households were selected through simple random sampling from the databases of the NGOs and community based organisations that had agreed to participate in the study. The quantitative component of the study produced results that supported the qualitative findings. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, which were conducted with purposively selected social service practitioners and community structures who were involved in work with child headed households. The resilience approach, which posits that humans are born with inherent reserves to face adversity, and the ecological systems theory, which postulates the framework in which an individual can be understood in his constant interactions and relationships within community and wider society, inform this study. The findings of the study indicate that there were various psycho social needs and challenges that child headed households faced. As Maslow postulated in his hierarchy of needs theory, inferences were made to the diverse needs of the child headed households. Physiological needs like food, clothing and finance were found to be more presenting and eminent needs for the child headed households. The study findings highlighted safety needs in the form of need for formal housing as the majority lived in informal settlements where they were exposed to much vulnerability like violence, sexual exploitation and other social misdemeanours. Other needs were esteem and familial needs, which provided a platform to foster senses of identity and belonging. However, there were other child headed households who were fortunate to have extended family members and community based organisations that assisted by providing these needs and these gestures were appreciated by the households as they ameliorated dire situations and cushioned them from absolute poverty. The findings further revealed that the psycho social challenges and needs did not only present when the household became child headed household but when their parent/s was still with them and were only exacerbated in their absence. The effects of living with parental illness, sadness and anxiety due to dramatic changes in dynamics, pain and trauma witnessing a parent dying were among the psychosocial challenges faced when the parent was still present with the children. After their departure or absence the challenges shifted and the debilitating effects of grief and loss, emotional trauma, living without adult caregiver and stigma and discrimination, were among the cocktail of challenges that the child headed households faced. However, others had support from extended family members and community structures that supported them with palliative care for the terminally ill and this afforded them the much needed respite as they focused on their studies and enjoyed their rights to be children. The study reveals that children have several coping mechanisms that exude their resilience and this includes support from social workers in promoting sustainable development goals (SDG’s) including no poverty, good health and well-being and quality education (goals 1, 3 and 4). The study highlighted that others had to supplement education with paid work (informal) whilst some ended up disengaging from their education to pursue paid employment to eke a living and support their siblings. The community and NGO’s were seen as vital components of the ecosystem that promoted the resilience of the child headed households in coping with their day to day challenges and needs. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that the South African government should, among other things, provide a properly resourced, co-ordinated and well managed child protection system to facilitate constituency work that responds to the real needs of child headed households and SMART planning by social workers, with systemic teaming around CHH with the DSD as lead agency. The study also recommends a psychosocial approach to CHH care in the form of a model that rallies for robust assessments that social service practitioners and every structure that has the “duty to care” for CHH, can embed in their practice for improved outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The public-private partnership: narrative literature review
- Authors: Senti, Lizeka
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation , Economic development Municipal finance -- Management Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23230 , vital:30463
- Description: Nowadays, customer services throughout the globe are mostly produced and provided through Public-Private Partnership and this industry continues to. The aim of this study was to review literature on Public-Private Partnership. A desktop method was undertaken in this study in order to present literature that focused on critical elements associated with Public-Private Partnership. In this way, secondary data regarding Public-Private Partnership was analysed. The sample of literature used in this study ranged from the year 2007 to year 2017. Through the search, 199 articles were identified by. Out of the 199 identified articles, 78 were duplicate articles hence were excluded. The literature review revealed that the articles that refer to Public-Private Partnerships covered the benefits, challenges as well as factors leading to PPP. The recommendations brought forward for this study were: The use of technological skills expertise should not be single sided; there should be mutual learning between the private sector and the public sector; both sectors ought to invest in technology upgrades and skill advancement for their employees in order to be aligned with the global needs; both sectors need to be politically stable before they engage on a partnership to enhance the success of Public-Private Partnership; Although service delivery is cheaper and faster in PPP’s, the quality of the service should not be compromised; the PPPs stakeholders should analyse the current environment to check feasibility before international strategies are adopted; both sectors should engage in an agile scrum meeting to discuss response to possible clashes before partnership commences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Senti, Lizeka
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation , Economic development Municipal finance -- Management Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23230 , vital:30463
- Description: Nowadays, customer services throughout the globe are mostly produced and provided through Public-Private Partnership and this industry continues to. The aim of this study was to review literature on Public-Private Partnership. A desktop method was undertaken in this study in order to present literature that focused on critical elements associated with Public-Private Partnership. In this way, secondary data regarding Public-Private Partnership was analysed. The sample of literature used in this study ranged from the year 2007 to year 2017. Through the search, 199 articles were identified by. Out of the 199 identified articles, 78 were duplicate articles hence were excluded. The literature review revealed that the articles that refer to Public-Private Partnerships covered the benefits, challenges as well as factors leading to PPP. The recommendations brought forward for this study were: The use of technological skills expertise should not be single sided; there should be mutual learning between the private sector and the public sector; both sectors ought to invest in technology upgrades and skill advancement for their employees in order to be aligned with the global needs; both sectors need to be politically stable before they engage on a partnership to enhance the success of Public-Private Partnership; Although service delivery is cheaper and faster in PPP’s, the quality of the service should not be compromised; the PPPs stakeholders should analyse the current environment to check feasibility before international strategies are adopted; both sectors should engage in an agile scrum meeting to discuss response to possible clashes before partnership commences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018