Heterogeneous welfare effects of farmer groups in smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa
- Phakathi, Sandile, Sinyolo, Sikhulumile, Fraser, Gavin C G, Marire, Juniours
- Authors: Phakathi, Sandile , Sinyolo, Sikhulumile , Fraser, Gavin C G , Marire, Juniours
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/472611 , vital:77554 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106780
- Description: This paper analyses the heterogeneous effects of membership of a farmer group on access to water, use of inorganic fertiliser, household incomes, and farm asset holdings. A sample of 401 irrigators in South Africa was analysed using propensity score matching. The study found that group membership had a positive effect on all four outcomes. Group members had an extra four days of access to water in a month, and applied at least 130 kg/ha more inorganic fertiliser, than non-group members. Group members had a higher household income per capita and more assets than nongroup members. However, the result revealed a heterogeneous effect among group members, with the benefits varying according to members’ socio-economic characteristics as well as internal group dynamics. The government and private donors should continue to promote the formation and organisation of farmers into groups. The role of group membership in farming outcomes can be enhanced if smaller groups are promoted. It is also crucial that strategies for promoting trust, reciprocity and group commitment be implemented for better group outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Phakathi, Sandile , Sinyolo, Sikhulumile , Fraser, Gavin C G , Marire, Juniours
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/472611 , vital:77554 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106780
- Description: This paper analyses the heterogeneous effects of membership of a farmer group on access to water, use of inorganic fertiliser, household incomes, and farm asset holdings. A sample of 401 irrigators in South Africa was analysed using propensity score matching. The study found that group membership had a positive effect on all four outcomes. Group members had an extra four days of access to water in a month, and applied at least 130 kg/ha more inorganic fertiliser, than non-group members. Group members had a higher household income per capita and more assets than nongroup members. However, the result revealed a heterogeneous effect among group members, with the benefits varying according to members’ socio-economic characteristics as well as internal group dynamics. The government and private donors should continue to promote the formation and organisation of farmers into groups. The role of group membership in farming outcomes can be enhanced if smaller groups are promoted. It is also crucial that strategies for promoting trust, reciprocity and group commitment be implemented for better group outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
High-Level Modelling for Typed Functional Programming
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429035 , vital:72555 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83978-9_4
- Description: There is currently no way to model the high-level structural design of a functional system. Given the strong links between functional programming and mathematics, it is hypothesised that the language of mathematics can provide insight into how a functional system might be modelled. The approach is successful and both philosophy and the language of mathematics are used to identify the necessary modelling concepts and briefly outline some modelling notation alongside a small case study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429035 , vital:72555 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83978-9_4
- Description: There is currently no way to model the high-level structural design of a functional system. Given the strong links between functional programming and mathematics, it is hypothesised that the language of mathematics can provide insight into how a functional system might be modelled. The approach is successful and both philosophy and the language of mathematics are used to identify the necessary modelling concepts and briefly outline some modelling notation alongside a small case study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
High-resolution geological, petrological and geochemical investigation of the mid mid-lower c. 3.3 Ga Kromberg type type-section, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa Africa
- Authors: Ndlela, Sibusisiwe
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Petrology -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Geology -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Geochemistry -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Onverwacht Group (South Africa) , Barberton Greenstone Belt (Eswatini and South Africa) , Groups (Stratigraph) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172241 , vital:42179
- Description: The geology of the SE limb of the Kromberg type-section, its origin and its evolution has remained controversial for more than five decades since its discovery by Viljoen and Viljoen (1969). Different lithostratigraphy and geodynamic models have been proposed that were centred around two end-member models, a continuous layer-cake stratigraphy model (Viljoen and Viljoen, 1969c, Lowe et al., 1999) or a tectono-stratigraphic model (de Wit et al., 2011, Furnes et al., 2012). Additionally, the Kromberg type-section mafic-ultramafic sequence represents a relatively thin, dismembered sequence compared to other formations or ‘complexes’ in the Onverwacht Group. Previous geology workers relied on the field interpretations for the construction of the geological architecture of the Kromberg type-section; but no petrographic analyses were conducted for accurate, integrated geological characterization of different rock compositions. To address controversies centred around the Kromberg type-section geology and geodynamic setting, this study is aimed at testing previously proposed stratigraphic and geodynamic models by integrating high-resolution geological mapping, petrography, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry to verify rock characterization. The aim is to accurately reconstruct the volcano-sedimentary architecture of the Kromberg type-section and to compare this to the results of previous fieldwork. Moreover, the manner in which the Kromberg sequence may relate to current Archean geodynamic models is evaluated, and a new model explaining the origin and evolution of the Kromberg type sequence is proposed. The integration of high-resolution field mapping, petrography and geochemistry has allowed for a high precision study and that has resulted in the construction of a new geological architecture for the SE limb of the Kromberg type-section. The stratigraphic thickness of the SE limb of the Kromberg sequence comprises dominant c. 80% volcanic rocks and minor c. 15% intrusive rocks, intercalated by 7 volcano-sedimentary chert horizons (c. 5%). Four main rock types (groups) are present in the Kromberg type-section with two sub-types of komatiitic basalts (the Badplaas-type and Geluk-types), Fe-rich tholeiitic basalt, cumulate peridotite, and a metadunite. Although the Kromberg type-section records sub-greenschist to lower greenschist facies, more than 50% of the rock samples classify as altered with parts of the stratigraphy recording extensive chloritization and severe ocean-floor silicification. Geochemical data revealed an enrichment in SiO2, K2O, Ba, Rb and variation in HREE for highly silicified samples whereas, chloritized samples are enriched in FeO and have concave upward LREE patterns. Partially chloritized tholeiites and komatiitic basalts have overlapping SiO2 signatures, relatively flat REE patterns and a small negative Nb anomaly in the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams. This thesis provides the first Lu-Hf isotope data on whole rock samples from the Kromberg type-section. The εHf values at t=3.33 Ga range between -0.62 to +4.18 and Hf model ages range between 3.43 - 4.27 Ga. The rock compositions are compared to the geochemistry of other greenstone belt rocks, which are considered to provide insight onto the geodynamic setting under which the Kromberg mafic-ultramafic sequence formed. The rock compositions reveal plume-related processes where a primitive mantle melt interacts with recycled mafic crust or mafic lower crust of older units of the Onverwacht Group. Only a small Nb anomaly is found in some samples and the data plots outside the subduction zone (forearc and back-arc) field. Rare-Earth element profiles are flat and not consistent with a subduction zone signature, as proposed in previous studies. Rifting of an oceanic floor in a juvenile basin is proposed for the formation of the Kromberg type-section rocks, prior to being tectonically accreted during regional transpressional deformation at c. 3.23 Ga.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Ndlela, Sibusisiwe
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Petrology -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Geology -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Geochemistry -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Onverwacht Group (South Africa) , Barberton Greenstone Belt (Eswatini and South Africa) , Groups (Stratigraph) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172241 , vital:42179
- Description: The geology of the SE limb of the Kromberg type-section, its origin and its evolution has remained controversial for more than five decades since its discovery by Viljoen and Viljoen (1969). Different lithostratigraphy and geodynamic models have been proposed that were centred around two end-member models, a continuous layer-cake stratigraphy model (Viljoen and Viljoen, 1969c, Lowe et al., 1999) or a tectono-stratigraphic model (de Wit et al., 2011, Furnes et al., 2012). Additionally, the Kromberg type-section mafic-ultramafic sequence represents a relatively thin, dismembered sequence compared to other formations or ‘complexes’ in the Onverwacht Group. Previous geology workers relied on the field interpretations for the construction of the geological architecture of the Kromberg type-section; but no petrographic analyses were conducted for accurate, integrated geological characterization of different rock compositions. To address controversies centred around the Kromberg type-section geology and geodynamic setting, this study is aimed at testing previously proposed stratigraphic and geodynamic models by integrating high-resolution geological mapping, petrography, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry to verify rock characterization. The aim is to accurately reconstruct the volcano-sedimentary architecture of the Kromberg type-section and to compare this to the results of previous fieldwork. Moreover, the manner in which the Kromberg sequence may relate to current Archean geodynamic models is evaluated, and a new model explaining the origin and evolution of the Kromberg type sequence is proposed. The integration of high-resolution field mapping, petrography and geochemistry has allowed for a high precision study and that has resulted in the construction of a new geological architecture for the SE limb of the Kromberg type-section. The stratigraphic thickness of the SE limb of the Kromberg sequence comprises dominant c. 80% volcanic rocks and minor c. 15% intrusive rocks, intercalated by 7 volcano-sedimentary chert horizons (c. 5%). Four main rock types (groups) are present in the Kromberg type-section with two sub-types of komatiitic basalts (the Badplaas-type and Geluk-types), Fe-rich tholeiitic basalt, cumulate peridotite, and a metadunite. Although the Kromberg type-section records sub-greenschist to lower greenschist facies, more than 50% of the rock samples classify as altered with parts of the stratigraphy recording extensive chloritization and severe ocean-floor silicification. Geochemical data revealed an enrichment in SiO2, K2O, Ba, Rb and variation in HREE for highly silicified samples whereas, chloritized samples are enriched in FeO and have concave upward LREE patterns. Partially chloritized tholeiites and komatiitic basalts have overlapping SiO2 signatures, relatively flat REE patterns and a small negative Nb anomaly in the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams. This thesis provides the first Lu-Hf isotope data on whole rock samples from the Kromberg type-section. The εHf values at t=3.33 Ga range between -0.62 to +4.18 and Hf model ages range between 3.43 - 4.27 Ga. The rock compositions are compared to the geochemistry of other greenstone belt rocks, which are considered to provide insight onto the geodynamic setting under which the Kromberg mafic-ultramafic sequence formed. The rock compositions reveal plume-related processes where a primitive mantle melt interacts with recycled mafic crust or mafic lower crust of older units of the Onverwacht Group. Only a small Nb anomaly is found in some samples and the data plots outside the subduction zone (forearc and back-arc) field. Rare-Earth element profiles are flat and not consistent with a subduction zone signature, as proposed in previous studies. Rifting of an oceanic floor in a juvenile basin is proposed for the formation of the Kromberg type-section rocks, prior to being tectonically accreted during regional transpressional deformation at c. 3.23 Ga.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Higher temperatures are associated with reduced nestling body condition in a range restricted mountain bird
- Oswald, Krista N, Smit, Ben, Lee, Alan T K, Peng, Ceili L, Brock, Cameryn, Cunningham, Susan J
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Smit, Ben , Lee, Alan T K , Peng, Ceili L , Brock, Cameryn , Cunningham, Susan J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440547 , vital:73791 , https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02756
- Description: Demonstrated negative effects of increased temperatures on avian reproductive success suggest a mechanism by which climate change may impact species persistence. High temperatures can result in reduced parental care and reduced nestling condition in passerines with dependent young, resulting in lowered fledging success and population recruitment. We examined provisioning rate and nestling condition in a South African mountain endemic, the Cape rockjumper Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines correlate with warming habitat. Our aim was to determine whether rockjumper reproductive success could be affected by high air temperatures. We set up video cameras on nests at three nestling age classes (≤ 7 days old; 8–12 days old; ≥ 13 days old) for 8 hours on 37 separate days.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Smit, Ben , Lee, Alan T K , Peng, Ceili L , Brock, Cameryn , Cunningham, Susan J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440547 , vital:73791 , https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02756
- Description: Demonstrated negative effects of increased temperatures on avian reproductive success suggest a mechanism by which climate change may impact species persistence. High temperatures can result in reduced parental care and reduced nestling condition in passerines with dependent young, resulting in lowered fledging success and population recruitment. We examined provisioning rate and nestling condition in a South African mountain endemic, the Cape rockjumper Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines correlate with warming habitat. Our aim was to determine whether rockjumper reproductive success could be affected by high air temperatures. We set up video cameras on nests at three nestling age classes (≤ 7 days old; 8–12 days old; ≥ 13 days old) for 8 hours on 37 separate days.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
How art-as-therapy supports participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia : a phenomenological investigation
- Authors: Mitchell, Julia L G
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Schizophrenia -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Case studies , Art Therapy , Art Therapy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Stormberg Hospital (Eastern Cape, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172157 , vital:42171 , 10.21504/10962/172157
- Description: Although art therapy is recommended in management programmes for individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, calls have been made for more detailed explanations as to how artmaking is working. This study responds to those calls by considering the artmaking experiences of 15 mental health users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, resident at a forensic, mental health facility in South Africa. A phenomenological approach was chosen because of its focus on lived experiences, suited to explore the embodied and pre-reflective experience of studio-based artmaking. Dialogical and narrative understandings were subsequently incorporated to account for more reflective aspects of the artmaking experience. Two main participant descriptions of artmaking, centring on feeling at home and on doing something meaningful, guided the phenomenological lifeworld method in analysing the data (interviews, artworks and field observations in art groups and exhibitions), along selected dimensions of lived experience, namely embodiment, temporality, spatiality, sociality and selfhood. These findings lend support to new phenomenological research which suggests that artmaking intersects with disrupted abilities for perceptual engagement underlying manifestations of schizophrenia symptomology. This research supports assertions that artmaking has the potential to support the minimal sense of self and expand possibilities for renewed embodied and more reflective meaning-making. Explanations of findings centred around the distinct artistic style of each participant, as well as their artworks which revealed individual lifeworlds including a variety of self-positions. The inherent properties of the completed artworks also provided possibilities for renewed experiences of sociality. Additional support for the findings is drawn from recent research in the fields of early neurodevelopmental trauma, and trauma research findings within the art therapy field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mitchell, Julia L G
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Schizophrenia -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Case studies , Art Therapy , Art Therapy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Stormberg Hospital (Eastern Cape, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172157 , vital:42171 , 10.21504/10962/172157
- Description: Although art therapy is recommended in management programmes for individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, calls have been made for more detailed explanations as to how artmaking is working. This study responds to those calls by considering the artmaking experiences of 15 mental health users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, resident at a forensic, mental health facility in South Africa. A phenomenological approach was chosen because of its focus on lived experiences, suited to explore the embodied and pre-reflective experience of studio-based artmaking. Dialogical and narrative understandings were subsequently incorporated to account for more reflective aspects of the artmaking experience. Two main participant descriptions of artmaking, centring on feeling at home and on doing something meaningful, guided the phenomenological lifeworld method in analysing the data (interviews, artworks and field observations in art groups and exhibitions), along selected dimensions of lived experience, namely embodiment, temporality, spatiality, sociality and selfhood. These findings lend support to new phenomenological research which suggests that artmaking intersects with disrupted abilities for perceptual engagement underlying manifestations of schizophrenia symptomology. This research supports assertions that artmaking has the potential to support the minimal sense of self and expand possibilities for renewed embodied and more reflective meaning-making. Explanations of findings centred around the distinct artistic style of each participant, as well as their artworks which revealed individual lifeworlds including a variety of self-positions. The inherent properties of the completed artworks also provided possibilities for renewed experiences of sociality. Additional support for the findings is drawn from recent research in the fields of early neurodevelopmental trauma, and trauma research findings within the art therapy field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
How digital finance affects poverty: The transmission mechanism view
- Dube, Ziphozethu, Simatele, Munacinga C, Khumalo, Sibanisezwe A
- Authors: Dube, Ziphozethu , Simatele, Munacinga C , Khumalo, Sibanisezwe A
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/470622 , vital:77379 , ISBN 9781776341818 , hhttps://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/53907
- Description: Financial inclusion has been noted as a key driver of poverty alleviation and growth. Yet, most of the scholarly work that exists lacks a comprehensive discussion of how the poor interact with financial services and the channels through which such services can affect their livelihoods. This book offers researchers who focus on financial inclusion and African economies a one stop resource for understanding the channels of transmission for financial inclusion as well as an application of these channels through original country specific empirical papers. The book provides a back-to-basics presentation of the transmission of financial services to growth and poverty. This theoretical discussion is complemented by an empirical presentation of the various services used by the poor, with a focus on Africa. Case studies of financial inclusion in six African countries cover a broad range of topics most important to African countries and highlight the unique African setting. These empirical papers provide important learning points. Firstly, hybrid financial institutions such as cooperative financial institutions and financial social entrepreneurs are the best way to increase financial inclusion in Africa. They provide important vehicles to circumventing the restrictive and exclusive bank-based financial markets typical of African economies. Secondly, digital finance is a potent tool in improving financial access and usage in Africa, and its impact on poverty operates through both traditional and nontraditional financial instruments. Thirdly, investment in infrastructure which supports complementary markets is critical and is likely to have a greater effect on credit rationing than direct provision of credit to small businesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Dube, Ziphozethu , Simatele, Munacinga C , Khumalo, Sibanisezwe A
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/470622 , vital:77379 , ISBN 9781776341818 , hhttps://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/53907
- Description: Financial inclusion has been noted as a key driver of poverty alleviation and growth. Yet, most of the scholarly work that exists lacks a comprehensive discussion of how the poor interact with financial services and the channels through which such services can affect their livelihoods. This book offers researchers who focus on financial inclusion and African economies a one stop resource for understanding the channels of transmission for financial inclusion as well as an application of these channels through original country specific empirical papers. The book provides a back-to-basics presentation of the transmission of financial services to growth and poverty. This theoretical discussion is complemented by an empirical presentation of the various services used by the poor, with a focus on Africa. Case studies of financial inclusion in six African countries cover a broad range of topics most important to African countries and highlight the unique African setting. These empirical papers provide important learning points. Firstly, hybrid financial institutions such as cooperative financial institutions and financial social entrepreneurs are the best way to increase financial inclusion in Africa. They provide important vehicles to circumventing the restrictive and exclusive bank-based financial markets typical of African economies. Secondly, digital finance is a potent tool in improving financial access and usage in Africa, and its impact on poverty operates through both traditional and nontraditional financial instruments. Thirdly, investment in infrastructure which supports complementary markets is critical and is likely to have a greater effect on credit rationing than direct provision of credit to small businesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
How people foraging in urban greenspace can mobilize social–ecological resilience during Covid-19 and beyond
- Sardeshpande, Mallika, Hurley, Patrick T, Mollee, Eefke, Garekae, Hesekia, Dahlberg, Annika C, Emery, Marla R, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Sardeshpande, Mallika , Hurley, Patrick T , Mollee, Eefke , Garekae, Hesekia , Dahlberg, Annika C , Emery, Marla R , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/402313 , vital:69841 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.686254"
- Description: Informal foraging for food and other natural materials in urban greenspaces is an activity undertaken by many across the world. For some, foraging is a necessary means of survival and livelihood, while for others, it provides cultural and recreational opportunities. In the socioeconomic crises induced by Covid-19, foraging can help communities, especially (but not exclusively) vulnerable people, cope with the impacts of lockdowns, and associated economic decline. In the long run, foraging can help improve social–ecological resilience in urban systems, particularly in response to climate, economic, and disease disruptions. First, we elaborate the ways in which urban foraging can provide immediate relief from the shocks to natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital. We then describe how over time, the livelihood, food, and income diversification brought about by foraging can contribute to preparedness for future uncertainties and gradual change. Cities are increasingly becoming home to the majority of humanity, and urban foraging can be one of the pathways that makes cities more liveable, for humans as well as other species we coexist with. Through the capitals framework, we explore the role foraging could play in addressing issues of biodiversity conservation, culture, and education, good governance and social justice, multifunctional greenspace, and sustainable nature-based livelihoods in urban areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Sardeshpande, Mallika , Hurley, Patrick T , Mollee, Eefke , Garekae, Hesekia , Dahlberg, Annika C , Emery, Marla R , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/402313 , vital:69841 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.686254"
- Description: Informal foraging for food and other natural materials in urban greenspaces is an activity undertaken by many across the world. For some, foraging is a necessary means of survival and livelihood, while for others, it provides cultural and recreational opportunities. In the socioeconomic crises induced by Covid-19, foraging can help communities, especially (but not exclusively) vulnerable people, cope with the impacts of lockdowns, and associated economic decline. In the long run, foraging can help improve social–ecological resilience in urban systems, particularly in response to climate, economic, and disease disruptions. First, we elaborate the ways in which urban foraging can provide immediate relief from the shocks to natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital. We then describe how over time, the livelihood, food, and income diversification brought about by foraging can contribute to preparedness for future uncertainties and gradual change. Cities are increasingly becoming home to the majority of humanity, and urban foraging can be one of the pathways that makes cities more liveable, for humans as well as other species we coexist with. Through the capitals framework, we explore the role foraging could play in addressing issues of biodiversity conservation, culture, and education, good governance and social justice, multifunctional greenspace, and sustainable nature-based livelihoods in urban areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
How Pre-service Teachers Reflect on their own Mathematics Teaching Practice Compared with the Practice of Others
- Chikiwa, Samukeliso, Graven, Mellony
- Authors: Chikiwa, Samukeliso , Graven, Mellony
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482399 , vital:78647 , https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2021.1968164
- Description: Reflective practice is a crucial element of professional growth that is gaining in popularity in teacher education, yet the ability to reflect is a skill that is neither natural nor easy to develop. This paper reports on an investigation that sought to establish if pre-service teachers at a South African university – in the process of learning to reflect on practice through analysing video-recorded lessons – reflected differently when reflecting on their own practice from the way they reflected on the practice of other teachers. Pre-service teachers were introduced to the Six Lens Framework as a tool to aid reflection on mathematics teaching. The authors compared two sets of reflections written by four pre-service teachers (PSTs) who participated in the study. One set was based on a video-recorded lesson of another teacher’s practice while the other was based on a video-recording of their own practice. The study found that the PSTs’ reflections in both cases were generally at the lowest level of the reflection spectrum. They mostly described classroom events rather than analysing the lessons to provide explanation suggestions, or reflectivity. We found, however, that all four PSTs reflected at substantially greater length on their own lessons than on those of other teachers. Furthermore, three of the four teachers’ reflections on their own practice focused on mathematical rather than general aspects and provided more suggestions for improvement than their reflections on the practice of other teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Chikiwa, Samukeliso , Graven, Mellony
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482399 , vital:78647 , https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2021.1968164
- Description: Reflective practice is a crucial element of professional growth that is gaining in popularity in teacher education, yet the ability to reflect is a skill that is neither natural nor easy to develop. This paper reports on an investigation that sought to establish if pre-service teachers at a South African university – in the process of learning to reflect on practice through analysing video-recorded lessons – reflected differently when reflecting on their own practice from the way they reflected on the practice of other teachers. Pre-service teachers were introduced to the Six Lens Framework as a tool to aid reflection on mathematics teaching. The authors compared two sets of reflections written by four pre-service teachers (PSTs) who participated in the study. One set was based on a video-recorded lesson of another teacher’s practice while the other was based on a video-recording of their own practice. The study found that the PSTs’ reflections in both cases were generally at the lowest level of the reflection spectrum. They mostly described classroom events rather than analysing the lessons to provide explanation suggestions, or reflectivity. We found, however, that all four PSTs reflected at substantially greater length on their own lessons than on those of other teachers. Furthermore, three of the four teachers’ reflections on their own practice focused on mathematical rather than general aspects and provided more suggestions for improvement than their reflections on the practice of other teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
How the leaders of an Eastern Cape development agency experienced a transition from specialist roles to the leadership roles and how this shaped their leadership identity
- Authors: Mbokoma, Noxolo Patricia
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- Managemenat -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational change -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- Case studies , Leadership -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171997 , vital:42147
- Description: This study sought to investigate the experiences of leaders involved in a transition from specialist role to leadership role at the Eastern Cape Development Agency, South Africa. A qualitative case study within a constructivist paradigm was adopted. Bridges’ (1991) theory of transition was used in this study to understand and analyse the process of transition in this study. The study used purposive sampling technique, where six leaders were selected and interviewed. The data was analysed through inductive and content analysis techniques. The findings are presented thematically and supported with participants verbatim. The study established that as specialists transition to leadership roles they experience lack of role clarity, stress (role strain), resistance, inadequate support, shock, increased work load (role strain) and role conflict. These experiences influence on their role identity, expertise, peer relationships and financial status. The study also established that for smooth and successful transition, consultation, participation, proper succession planning, and training is vitally important. This was necessary to ease the tension between management, leadership, specialist responsibilities, and resistance from specialists. The study recommends adequate support and preparation in all stages of transition to ensure that the organization benefits from the transition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mbokoma, Noxolo Patricia
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- Managemenat -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational change -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- Case studies , Leadership -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171997 , vital:42147
- Description: This study sought to investigate the experiences of leaders involved in a transition from specialist role to leadership role at the Eastern Cape Development Agency, South Africa. A qualitative case study within a constructivist paradigm was adopted. Bridges’ (1991) theory of transition was used in this study to understand and analyse the process of transition in this study. The study used purposive sampling technique, where six leaders were selected and interviewed. The data was analysed through inductive and content analysis techniques. The findings are presented thematically and supported with participants verbatim. The study established that as specialists transition to leadership roles they experience lack of role clarity, stress (role strain), resistance, inadequate support, shock, increased work load (role strain) and role conflict. These experiences influence on their role identity, expertise, peer relationships and financial status. The study also established that for smooth and successful transition, consultation, participation, proper succession planning, and training is vitally important. This was necessary to ease the tension between management, leadership, specialist responsibilities, and resistance from specialists. The study recommends adequate support and preparation in all stages of transition to ensure that the organization benefits from the transition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Human Papilloma Virus infection and cervical cancer among women who sell sex in Eastern and Southern Africa: A scoping review
- Macleod, Catriona I, Reynolds, John H
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Reynolds, John H
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441228 , vital:73868 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211058349"
- Description: Women who sell sex have a high prevalence of human papilloma virus, which may cause cervical cancer. The objective of this review was to collate findings on prevalence, associated factors, screening, service provision and utilization of services in relation to human papilloma virus and cervical cancer among women who sell sex in Eastern and Southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Reynolds, John H
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441228 , vital:73868 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211058349"
- Description: Women who sell sex have a high prevalence of human papilloma virus, which may cause cervical cancer. The objective of this review was to collate findings on prevalence, associated factors, screening, service provision and utilization of services in relation to human papilloma virus and cervical cancer among women who sell sex in Eastern and Southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Identity of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae and Eulophidae) reared from aquatic leaf-mining flies (Diptera, Ephydridae) on invasive Brazilian waterweed Egeria densa in South Africa
- Van Noort, Simon, Smith, Rosali, Coetzee, Julie A
- Authors: Van Noort, Simon , Smith, Rosali , Coetzee, Julie A
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479059 , vital:78257 , https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/issue/3153/
- Description: The Brazilian waterweed, Egeria densa Planchon, 1849 (Hydrocharitaceae), is an invasive species in South Africa where it is a host plant for the aquatic leaf-miner Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior, 2015 (Ephydridae, Diptera). Efficacy of the biocontrol agent can potentially be affected by parasitoids. Three species of braconid parasitoid wasps were reared from puparia of Hydrellia egeriae. By comparison with the type specimens, these species have been determined to be Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg, 2012 (Braconidae: Opiinae), Chaenusa anervata van Achterberg, 2012 and Chaenusa seminervata van Achterberg, 2012 (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini), all previously recorded as parasitoids of an ephydrid dipterous aquatic leaf-miner, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming, 2012, on Lagarosiphon major (Ridley, 1886) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa. The chalcidoid, Janicharis africanus Gumovsky and Delvare, 2006 (Eulophidae), was also reared from Hydrellia egeriae and is possibly a hyperparasitoid of the braconids. South Africa is a new country record for J. africanus. We provide comprehensive images of all species including the braconid types and illustrated identification keys to the Afrotropical species of the two braconid genera are also provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Van Noort, Simon , Smith, Rosali , Coetzee, Julie A
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479059 , vital:78257 , https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/issue/3153/
- Description: The Brazilian waterweed, Egeria densa Planchon, 1849 (Hydrocharitaceae), is an invasive species in South Africa where it is a host plant for the aquatic leaf-miner Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior, 2015 (Ephydridae, Diptera). Efficacy of the biocontrol agent can potentially be affected by parasitoids. Three species of braconid parasitoid wasps were reared from puparia of Hydrellia egeriae. By comparison with the type specimens, these species have been determined to be Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg, 2012 (Braconidae: Opiinae), Chaenusa anervata van Achterberg, 2012 and Chaenusa seminervata van Achterberg, 2012 (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini), all previously recorded as parasitoids of an ephydrid dipterous aquatic leaf-miner, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming, 2012, on Lagarosiphon major (Ridley, 1886) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa. The chalcidoid, Janicharis africanus Gumovsky and Delvare, 2006 (Eulophidae), was also reared from Hydrellia egeriae and is possibly a hyperparasitoid of the braconids. South Africa is a new country record for J. africanus. We provide comprehensive images of all species including the braconid types and illustrated identification keys to the Afrotropical species of the two braconid genera are also provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
igqirha
- Authors: Berold, Robert
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , poem
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468929 , vital:77142 , ISBN 0028-4459 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/ejc-iseacoin_v57_n2_a6
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Berold, Robert
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , poem
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468929 , vital:77142 , ISBN 0028-4459 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/ejc-iseacoin_v57_n2_a6
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Imiba edinga ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuguqulelo loncwadi lwabantwana Pertinent issues in translation of children's literature
- Authors: Madolo, Yolisa
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Children Xhosa Children, Black, in literature Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6990 , vital:52635 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1974903"
- Description: Amagqabantshintshi Ukuguqulela uncwadi lwabantwana kudinga ingcali engapheleli nje ekujongeni ukuvelisa umyalezo wolwimi lwentsusa ngolwimi ekusiwa kulo; koko eza kuwuvelisa ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kubalesi bolu lwimi kusiwa kulo. Abo balesi ngabantwana ke kule meko. Ithiyori yeSikoposi icebisa ukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ngokufezekisa injongo yoguqulelo kwakunye nokwaneza abantu abaza kuyilesa loo nguqulelo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile ezicetyiswayo kule thiyori nakwezinye iithiyori ezijonge ukuvelisa inguqulelo efundeka njengeyoqobo kulwimi ekusiwa kulo. Umphandi usebenzise le thiyori yeSikoposi ukuphicotha iincwadi zabantwana eziguqulelwe zasuswa esiNgesini zasiwa esiXhoseni. Ekuphicotheni kwakhe ezi ncwadi ubhaqe iimpazamo ezithile ezinokuwethisa umdla womntwana ekufundeni incwadi enjalo. Kweli nqaku kucaciswa ezi mpazamo zifumanisekileyo kunye neendlela ezinokuphetshwa ngazo. Umphandi ufumanise ukuba zikhona iimpazamo ezenzeka kuba umguqulelimbhali elandela ulwimi lwentsusa, zikwakhona nezo zibangelwa kukungalandeli imigaqo yentetho yolwimi ekusiwa kulo. Ezinye iimpazamo sezendele kangangokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye abaguqulelibabhali abasazithathi njengeempazamo kubhalo lwabo. Enye yezinto ezicetyiswayo kukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ukuba uyayifundisisa inguqulelo yakhe ukuyigqiba kwakhe, phambi kokuba ayidlulisele kumhleli nomjongizimpazamo. Abstract Translation of children’s literature needs an artist who not only aims at producing the source language message in the target language, but will produce it in an appropriate manner and language to the target audience. In this case, the audience is children. The Skopos theory maintains that the translator needs to ensure that they fulfil the translation aim and the expectations of the target reader. This can only happen by using various strategies suggested by this and other functional equivalence theories. The researcher has used the Skopos theory to critically analyse children’s texts translated from English into isiXhosa. In the critique, the researcher noticed some errors in the translations, which may end up discouraging the child reader from reading such texts. This article explains the errors found in the texts and how they could be averted. The findings were that there are errors that happen because the translator is faithful to the source language, while there are others that are caused by nonconformity to the target language conventions. Some of these errors are so common in isiXhosa that it is possible that they are no longer considered errors by the translators. One of the recommendations is for the translator to reread the translation before they forward it to the editor and proofreader.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Madolo, Yolisa
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Children Xhosa Children, Black, in literature Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6990 , vital:52635 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1974903"
- Description: Amagqabantshintshi Ukuguqulela uncwadi lwabantwana kudinga ingcali engapheleli nje ekujongeni ukuvelisa umyalezo wolwimi lwentsusa ngolwimi ekusiwa kulo; koko eza kuwuvelisa ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kubalesi bolu lwimi kusiwa kulo. Abo balesi ngabantwana ke kule meko. Ithiyori yeSikoposi icebisa ukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ngokufezekisa injongo yoguqulelo kwakunye nokwaneza abantu abaza kuyilesa loo nguqulelo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile ezicetyiswayo kule thiyori nakwezinye iithiyori ezijonge ukuvelisa inguqulelo efundeka njengeyoqobo kulwimi ekusiwa kulo. Umphandi usebenzise le thiyori yeSikoposi ukuphicotha iincwadi zabantwana eziguqulelwe zasuswa esiNgesini zasiwa esiXhoseni. Ekuphicotheni kwakhe ezi ncwadi ubhaqe iimpazamo ezithile ezinokuwethisa umdla womntwana ekufundeni incwadi enjalo. Kweli nqaku kucaciswa ezi mpazamo zifumanisekileyo kunye neendlela ezinokuphetshwa ngazo. Umphandi ufumanise ukuba zikhona iimpazamo ezenzeka kuba umguqulelimbhali elandela ulwimi lwentsusa, zikwakhona nezo zibangelwa kukungalandeli imigaqo yentetho yolwimi ekusiwa kulo. Ezinye iimpazamo sezendele kangangokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye abaguqulelibabhali abasazithathi njengeempazamo kubhalo lwabo. Enye yezinto ezicetyiswayo kukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ukuba uyayifundisisa inguqulelo yakhe ukuyigqiba kwakhe, phambi kokuba ayidlulisele kumhleli nomjongizimpazamo. Abstract Translation of children’s literature needs an artist who not only aims at producing the source language message in the target language, but will produce it in an appropriate manner and language to the target audience. In this case, the audience is children. The Skopos theory maintains that the translator needs to ensure that they fulfil the translation aim and the expectations of the target reader. This can only happen by using various strategies suggested by this and other functional equivalence theories. The researcher has used the Skopos theory to critically analyse children’s texts translated from English into isiXhosa. In the critique, the researcher noticed some errors in the translations, which may end up discouraging the child reader from reading such texts. This article explains the errors found in the texts and how they could be averted. The findings were that there are errors that happen because the translator is faithful to the source language, while there are others that are caused by nonconformity to the target language conventions. Some of these errors are so common in isiXhosa that it is possible that they are no longer considered errors by the translators. One of the recommendations is for the translator to reread the translation before they forward it to the editor and proofreader.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Immigrant trade in Wood crafts Stones and Beads in Cape Towns Craft Markets South Africa A Critical Review
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Markets Immigrants Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8121 , vital:61397 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/immigrant-trade-in-wood-crafts-stones-and-beads-in-cape-towns-craft-markets-south-africa-a-critical-review-10257.html"
- Description: Although extensive studies and investigations exist within provincial and national spheres of the craft making and trading sector in South Africa, most of these investigations have aimed to conceptualise craft and the identification of the obstacles, as well as the demurred in the craft industry as whole. However, not much is known about immigrant traders in the African craft market. The objective of this study was to investigate the process involves in the manufacturing and trading of woodcraft, stones carving and beads stores owned by immigrant traders. The study utilised a desk methodology to review literature in Green Market Square, Stellenbosch Craft markets, Hout Bay Craft Market and Franschhoek Craft market. The findings revealed that the art of wood carving uses cutting tools to make wooden figures, ornamental objects and sculptures. The beads are made of fine glass, broken and unusable bottles and other varieties of scrap glass. The finding also revealed that most craft businesses are seasonal the markets do not have shades and unpredictable weather pattern in Cape Town is also a problem, which limits growth prospects.The study recommended that policy makers should developed these markets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Markets Immigrants Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8121 , vital:61397 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/immigrant-trade-in-wood-crafts-stones-and-beads-in-cape-towns-craft-markets-south-africa-a-critical-review-10257.html"
- Description: Although extensive studies and investigations exist within provincial and national spheres of the craft making and trading sector in South Africa, most of these investigations have aimed to conceptualise craft and the identification of the obstacles, as well as the demurred in the craft industry as whole. However, not much is known about immigrant traders in the African craft market. The objective of this study was to investigate the process involves in the manufacturing and trading of woodcraft, stones carving and beads stores owned by immigrant traders. The study utilised a desk methodology to review literature in Green Market Square, Stellenbosch Craft markets, Hout Bay Craft Market and Franschhoek Craft market. The findings revealed that the art of wood carving uses cutting tools to make wooden figures, ornamental objects and sculptures. The beads are made of fine glass, broken and unusable bottles and other varieties of scrap glass. The finding also revealed that most craft businesses are seasonal the markets do not have shades and unpredictable weather pattern in Cape Town is also a problem, which limits growth prospects.The study recommended that policy makers should developed these markets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Impact of axial ligation on photophysical and photodynamic antimicrobial properties of indium (III) methylsulfanylphenyl porphyrin complexes linked to silver-capped copper ferrite magnetic nanoparticles
- Makola, Collen L, Nyokong, Tebello, Amuhaya, Edith K
- Authors: Makola, Collen L , Nyokong, Tebello , Amuhaya, Edith K
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185942 , vital:44450 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2020.114882"
- Description: Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a well-known technique used against bacteria that have developed resistance towards antibiotics. We herein report the synthesis, photophysical properties, and PACT activity of 2-hydroxypyridine axial ligated indium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-phenylmethylthio) porphyrin (3) and quaternized 2-hydroxypyridine axial ligated indium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-phenylmethylthio) porphyrin (4). The porphyrin complexes (3 and 4) were further linked to oleyamine (OLM)/oleic acid (OLA) capped Ag/CuFe2O4 and also 6-mercapto-1-hexanol functionalized (MCH-Ag/CuFe2O4) nanoparticles through silver - sulphur (Ag-S) and silver-nitrogen (Ag-N); self-assembly. The PACT studies were carried out using Staphylococcus aureus. While all the synthesized porphyrins demonstrated PACT activity, the quaternized complex and its conjugate showed the highest PACT activity with 0% cell viability after irradiation for 25 min, resulting in a log reduction of 8.31.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Makola, Collen L , Nyokong, Tebello , Amuhaya, Edith K
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185942 , vital:44450 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2020.114882"
- Description: Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a well-known technique used against bacteria that have developed resistance towards antibiotics. We herein report the synthesis, photophysical properties, and PACT activity of 2-hydroxypyridine axial ligated indium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-phenylmethylthio) porphyrin (3) and quaternized 2-hydroxypyridine axial ligated indium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-phenylmethylthio) porphyrin (4). The porphyrin complexes (3 and 4) were further linked to oleyamine (OLM)/oleic acid (OLA) capped Ag/CuFe2O4 and also 6-mercapto-1-hexanol functionalized (MCH-Ag/CuFe2O4) nanoparticles through silver - sulphur (Ag-S) and silver-nitrogen (Ag-N); self-assembly. The PACT studies were carried out using Staphylococcus aureus. While all the synthesized porphyrins demonstrated PACT activity, the quaternized complex and its conjugate showed the highest PACT activity with 0% cell viability after irradiation for 25 min, resulting in a log reduction of 8.31.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Implementing a Content-Based Routing Framework for Application Integration on to Teleweaver Application Server
- Ngwenya, Sikhumbuzo, Shibeshi, Zelalem S, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Ngwenya, Sikhumbuzo , Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430580 , vital:72701 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9576969
- Description: This paper presents an architectural overview of content-based dynam-ic routing for integrating applications on to an application server named TeleWeaver, a middleware platform developed within Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL). SLL is an ICT4D project in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. TeleWeaver was created as a mediation layer between software systems developed for use by beneficiaries of the Siyakhula Living Lab. The main challenge with these disparate systems was that they had unnecessary, redundant components; TeleWeaver acts as a common platform that suits the development of many services such as eGovernment, eHealth, and eJudiciary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Ngwenya, Sikhumbuzo , Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430580 , vital:72701 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9576969
- Description: This paper presents an architectural overview of content-based dynam-ic routing for integrating applications on to an application server named TeleWeaver, a middleware platform developed within Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL). SLL is an ICT4D project in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. TeleWeaver was created as a mediation layer between software systems developed for use by beneficiaries of the Siyakhula Living Lab. The main challenge with these disparate systems was that they had unnecessary, redundant components; TeleWeaver acts as a common platform that suits the development of many services such as eGovernment, eHealth, and eJudiciary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Implications of static and dynamic effects of economic integration for investment inflows and outflows using theories on industrial location: A theoretical debate
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473143 , vital:77610 , https://ijbel.com/previous-issues/april-june-and-august-2021/vol-24-august-2021-issue-6/
- Description: Both the static and dynamic effects of economic integration have implications for investment inflows into a regional group, as well as relocation of investment by firms already domiciled in the regional group. Therefore, economic integration theory has become increasingly concerned about the locational effects of economic integration arrangements, thus giving rise to the growing interest by trade theorists in the importance of geography. New models of trade which incorporate factor mobility, external economies of scale and product competition, have established the importance of location in the analysis of the effects of economic integration arrangements. This research article therefore seeks to examine the implications of economic integration for industry location given the various theoretical debates with regard to locational choices of industries. This is done by reviewing theoretical arguments based on the Traditional theory of industrial location, the Marshallian theory, the theory of New economic geography, Weber’s theory and Dunning’s ownership, location and internalisation (OLI) theory. Arguments are thus presented to illustrate and explain how the static and dynamic effects of economic integration motivate industry location by creating the locational factors which the respective industry location theories present as key determinants for industry location. By examining the interplay between the key locational factors in the various theories and the static and dynamic effect of economic integration, this study shows that by viewing the theories of industrial location theories separately, each theory alone cannot answer adequately the question of industrial location and even agglomeration, despite highlighting and clarifying relevant factors. Therefore, the various theories must be integrated in order to understand the dynamics with which economic integration has implications for investment flows.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473143 , vital:77610 , https://ijbel.com/previous-issues/april-june-and-august-2021/vol-24-august-2021-issue-6/
- Description: Both the static and dynamic effects of economic integration have implications for investment inflows into a regional group, as well as relocation of investment by firms already domiciled in the regional group. Therefore, economic integration theory has become increasingly concerned about the locational effects of economic integration arrangements, thus giving rise to the growing interest by trade theorists in the importance of geography. New models of trade which incorporate factor mobility, external economies of scale and product competition, have established the importance of location in the analysis of the effects of economic integration arrangements. This research article therefore seeks to examine the implications of economic integration for industry location given the various theoretical debates with regard to locational choices of industries. This is done by reviewing theoretical arguments based on the Traditional theory of industrial location, the Marshallian theory, the theory of New economic geography, Weber’s theory and Dunning’s ownership, location and internalisation (OLI) theory. Arguments are thus presented to illustrate and explain how the static and dynamic effects of economic integration motivate industry location by creating the locational factors which the respective industry location theories present as key determinants for industry location. By examining the interplay between the key locational factors in the various theories and the static and dynamic effect of economic integration, this study shows that by viewing the theories of industrial location theories separately, each theory alone cannot answer adequately the question of industrial location and even agglomeration, despite highlighting and clarifying relevant factors. Therefore, the various theories must be integrated in order to understand the dynamics with which economic integration has implications for investment flows.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Implications of static and dynamic effects of economic integration for investment inflows and outflows using theories on industrial location: A theoretical debate
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/477820 , vital:78127 , https://ijbel.com/previous-issues/april-june-and-august-2021/vol-24-august-2021-issue-6/
- Description: Both the static and dynamic effects of economic integration have implications for investment inflows into a regional group, as well as relocation of investment by firms already domiciled in the regional group. Therefore, economic integration theory has become increasingly concerned about the locational effects of economic integration arrangements, thus giving rise to the growing interest by trade theorists in the importance of geography. New models of trade which incorporate factor mobility, external economies of scale and product competition, have established the importance of location in the analysis of the effects of economic integration arrangements. This research article therefore seeks to examine the implications of economic integration for industry location given the various theoretical debates with regard to locational choices of industries. This is done by reviewing theoretical arguments based on the Traditional theory of industrial location, the Marshallian theory, the theory of New economic geography, Weber’s theory and Dunning’s ownership, location and internalisation (OLI) theory. Arguments are thus presented to illustrate and explain how the static and dynamic effects of economic integration motivate industry location by creating the locational factors which the respective industry location theories present as key determinants for industry location. By examining the interplay between the key locational factors in the various theories and the static and dynamic effect of economic integration, this study shows that by viewing the theories of industrial location theories separately, each theory alone cannot answer adequately the question of industrial location and even agglomeration, despite highlighting and clarifying relevant factors. Therefore, the various theories must be integrated in order to understand the dynamics with which economic integration has implications for investment flows.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/477820 , vital:78127 , https://ijbel.com/previous-issues/april-june-and-august-2021/vol-24-august-2021-issue-6/
- Description: Both the static and dynamic effects of economic integration have implications for investment inflows into a regional group, as well as relocation of investment by firms already domiciled in the regional group. Therefore, economic integration theory has become increasingly concerned about the locational effects of economic integration arrangements, thus giving rise to the growing interest by trade theorists in the importance of geography. New models of trade which incorporate factor mobility, external economies of scale and product competition, have established the importance of location in the analysis of the effects of economic integration arrangements. This research article therefore seeks to examine the implications of economic integration for industry location given the various theoretical debates with regard to locational choices of industries. This is done by reviewing theoretical arguments based on the Traditional theory of industrial location, the Marshallian theory, the theory of New economic geography, Weber’s theory and Dunning’s ownership, location and internalisation (OLI) theory. Arguments are thus presented to illustrate and explain how the static and dynamic effects of economic integration motivate industry location by creating the locational factors which the respective industry location theories present as key determinants for industry location. By examining the interplay between the key locational factors in the various theories and the static and dynamic effect of economic integration, this study shows that by viewing the theories of industrial location theories separately, each theory alone cannot answer adequately the question of industrial location and even agglomeration, despite highlighting and clarifying relevant factors. Therefore, the various theories must be integrated in order to understand the dynamics with which economic integration has implications for investment flows.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
In marketing, it’s either you have it or you don’t : a study of knowledge and knowers legitimated in the marketing diploma curriculum in South Africa
- Authors: Ncube, Kevin
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Marketing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- Curricula , Marketing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Vocational qualifications -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172230 , vital:42178 , 10.21504/10962/172230
- Description: This study was undertaken in the South African higher education system in which the differentiation of institutions still reflects racial inequalities from the country’s history of colonial apartheid. As an educator in an institutional type referred to as Universities of Technology, I had become increasingly concerned about who succeeds, how they succeed, who fails, and who drops out. The South Africa education system broadly suffers from low student retention and high drop out with lower success rates mostly affecting Black students. By the end of apartheid in 1994, Black students had been entering Technikons en masse and were the dominant student group in these institutions which changed designation to Universities of Technology in 2005. Technikons offered programmes with a stronger technological and vocational orientation focusing on qualifications directly linked to the job market. They did not offer postgraduate programmes and today, Universities of Technology still produce little research. These institutions also battle with a far lower throughput rate than Traditional Universities and a higher graduate unemployment rate. This has led to a call for better theorised accounts of applied knowledge to replace unhelpful common-sense understandings. There was thus a call in the literature for studies, such as this one, that focused on the nature of knowledge in a diploma curriculum. Furthermore, the field of Marketing is under-researched. The field of Marketing has been characterised as having a weak theoretical foundation and as appropriating knowledge from other fields without growth of the field per se. In Marketing, importance is placed on the possession of a broad spectrum of general knowledge, rather than specialised accounts of the field. The study sought to examine the following research questions: 1) What kind of knowledge is privileged in the Marketing diploma? 2) How does the positioning of actors in the field of Marketing education impact on the choice and structure of knowledge privileged in the curriculum? The study was undertaken mainly through the use of interviews to explore academics’ perspectives on what is valued in the Marketing curriculum. Thirty-one academics from 11 institutions participated in the study. I also analysed course guides and other documentation related to the curriculum. The study analysed the organising of knowledge in the Marketing curriculum. To do this, the study drew on Legitimation Code Theory and in particular the tools of Specialisation and Semantics. These tools allowed the analysis of data to establish the basis on which it is specialised from other fields and the extent to which the field is contextually or conceptually coherent. The data demonstrated that academics who lecture in Marketing entered Marketing education from a diverse range of disciplines. The data also confirmed, in line with the literature, that the field of Marketing draws from multiple disciplines and fields for the purposes of serving the world of work. In Bernsteinian terms the nature of the Marketing curriculum is identified as a ‘region’. However, the data also demonstrated that the field of Marketing serves a heterogenous world of work characterised by constant changes which do not seem to allow a stable development of the field. The field of Marketing was thus portrayed as a region tending towards a generic, raising questions about the reliability of its knowledge base. The nature of generics often leads to an openness which is associated with instability, a weaker autonomy, and an inability to differentiate the field from others with further implications that knowledge in the curriculum is likely to be unsettled. One of the key findings was that while there was significant focus on knowledge, this was not the main basis on which success is achieved. Despite the ample evidence of knowledge in the Marketing curriculum, there was little agreement as to what constituted that knowledge, the actual nature of that knowledge was not settled, broadly agreed upon, nor particularly complex, drawing as it did on ‘everyday’ understandings of the world. The data revealed that there was little evidence that the knowledge was particularly specialised nor that it allowed for cumulative acquisition of ‘powerful knowledge’. Rather, the knowledges in the field of Marketing were characterised by a horizontal knowledge structure consisting of a set of languages acquired separately. The knowledges were based on different and sometimes even contradictory assumptions and thus presented few opportunities to integrate previous theories to build a more powerful knowledge structure. The knowledges tended to be context specific as opposed to being abstract or conceptual. There are social justice implications for fields in which the acquirer is only afforded context specific knowledges and as such has to acquire an endless series of low-level knowledges. They are not given access to powerful knowledge characterised by induction into a system of meaning which enables a more meaningful engagement with the complex world and thinking the not yet thought. In such instances, the education arguably does not provide access to the kind of specialised knowledge which allows for powerful meaning making in the world. The study calls for a strengthening of the epistemic spine of the Marketing diploma to provide access to more abstract, principled knowledge. A major finding was that most of the lecturers’ responses focused on the need for being a particular kind of knower to be successful in Marketing. The kind of person valued in Marketing was portrayed as possessing a particular personality and natural talent which were rarely seen as dependent on the knowledge acquired during the diploma, but rather on the dispositions that students brought. The respondents also mostly raised concerns that most of the students enrolled in Marketing did not to have the requisite ‘Marketing personalities’. Students were expected to be from a particular social class intimated through reference to their backgrounds, the schools they went to, their access to technologies, and the geographical regions they came from. They were expected to bring a particular language competency. Social class and language were arguably also used as coded reference to racial category, and this was more explicitly indicated by some respondents. The dominance of the knower in the data revealed that in Marketing, “you either have it or you don’t” indicating a strong view that Marketers are born with the necessary inherent characteristics of “confidence and people-skills” or belong to the social group that develops them. The implications were that if you do not have it, there is nothing one can do to get . This particular finding raises serious social justice issues on access and success in Marketing. If there is nothing that can be done to develop these characteristics, allowing such people into Marketing is setting them up for failure. On the other hand, denying access based on birth and social grouping raises concerns of the justice in the societies we live in. The study calls for an explicit engagement with the assumptions about the knower’s dispositions. While it was consistently evident that such dispositions were key to the specialisation of the field, the assumption that students either had these dispositions or lacked them is a social injustice and raises a number of unanswerable and painful questions given the racially differentiated success rates. The study concludes by calling for academics to explicitly curriculate for the target dispositions so that students are exposed to the value of these dispositions and given opportunities to engage with them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Ncube, Kevin
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Marketing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- Curricula , Marketing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Vocational qualifications -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172230 , vital:42178 , 10.21504/10962/172230
- Description: This study was undertaken in the South African higher education system in which the differentiation of institutions still reflects racial inequalities from the country’s history of colonial apartheid. As an educator in an institutional type referred to as Universities of Technology, I had become increasingly concerned about who succeeds, how they succeed, who fails, and who drops out. The South Africa education system broadly suffers from low student retention and high drop out with lower success rates mostly affecting Black students. By the end of apartheid in 1994, Black students had been entering Technikons en masse and were the dominant student group in these institutions which changed designation to Universities of Technology in 2005. Technikons offered programmes with a stronger technological and vocational orientation focusing on qualifications directly linked to the job market. They did not offer postgraduate programmes and today, Universities of Technology still produce little research. These institutions also battle with a far lower throughput rate than Traditional Universities and a higher graduate unemployment rate. This has led to a call for better theorised accounts of applied knowledge to replace unhelpful common-sense understandings. There was thus a call in the literature for studies, such as this one, that focused on the nature of knowledge in a diploma curriculum. Furthermore, the field of Marketing is under-researched. The field of Marketing has been characterised as having a weak theoretical foundation and as appropriating knowledge from other fields without growth of the field per se. In Marketing, importance is placed on the possession of a broad spectrum of general knowledge, rather than specialised accounts of the field. The study sought to examine the following research questions: 1) What kind of knowledge is privileged in the Marketing diploma? 2) How does the positioning of actors in the field of Marketing education impact on the choice and structure of knowledge privileged in the curriculum? The study was undertaken mainly through the use of interviews to explore academics’ perspectives on what is valued in the Marketing curriculum. Thirty-one academics from 11 institutions participated in the study. I also analysed course guides and other documentation related to the curriculum. The study analysed the organising of knowledge in the Marketing curriculum. To do this, the study drew on Legitimation Code Theory and in particular the tools of Specialisation and Semantics. These tools allowed the analysis of data to establish the basis on which it is specialised from other fields and the extent to which the field is contextually or conceptually coherent. The data demonstrated that academics who lecture in Marketing entered Marketing education from a diverse range of disciplines. The data also confirmed, in line with the literature, that the field of Marketing draws from multiple disciplines and fields for the purposes of serving the world of work. In Bernsteinian terms the nature of the Marketing curriculum is identified as a ‘region’. However, the data also demonstrated that the field of Marketing serves a heterogenous world of work characterised by constant changes which do not seem to allow a stable development of the field. The field of Marketing was thus portrayed as a region tending towards a generic, raising questions about the reliability of its knowledge base. The nature of generics often leads to an openness which is associated with instability, a weaker autonomy, and an inability to differentiate the field from others with further implications that knowledge in the curriculum is likely to be unsettled. One of the key findings was that while there was significant focus on knowledge, this was not the main basis on which success is achieved. Despite the ample evidence of knowledge in the Marketing curriculum, there was little agreement as to what constituted that knowledge, the actual nature of that knowledge was not settled, broadly agreed upon, nor particularly complex, drawing as it did on ‘everyday’ understandings of the world. The data revealed that there was little evidence that the knowledge was particularly specialised nor that it allowed for cumulative acquisition of ‘powerful knowledge’. Rather, the knowledges in the field of Marketing were characterised by a horizontal knowledge structure consisting of a set of languages acquired separately. The knowledges were based on different and sometimes even contradictory assumptions and thus presented few opportunities to integrate previous theories to build a more powerful knowledge structure. The knowledges tended to be context specific as opposed to being abstract or conceptual. There are social justice implications for fields in which the acquirer is only afforded context specific knowledges and as such has to acquire an endless series of low-level knowledges. They are not given access to powerful knowledge characterised by induction into a system of meaning which enables a more meaningful engagement with the complex world and thinking the not yet thought. In such instances, the education arguably does not provide access to the kind of specialised knowledge which allows for powerful meaning making in the world. The study calls for a strengthening of the epistemic spine of the Marketing diploma to provide access to more abstract, principled knowledge. A major finding was that most of the lecturers’ responses focused on the need for being a particular kind of knower to be successful in Marketing. The kind of person valued in Marketing was portrayed as possessing a particular personality and natural talent which were rarely seen as dependent on the knowledge acquired during the diploma, but rather on the dispositions that students brought. The respondents also mostly raised concerns that most of the students enrolled in Marketing did not to have the requisite ‘Marketing personalities’. Students were expected to be from a particular social class intimated through reference to their backgrounds, the schools they went to, their access to technologies, and the geographical regions they came from. They were expected to bring a particular language competency. Social class and language were arguably also used as coded reference to racial category, and this was more explicitly indicated by some respondents. The dominance of the knower in the data revealed that in Marketing, “you either have it or you don’t” indicating a strong view that Marketers are born with the necessary inherent characteristics of “confidence and people-skills” or belong to the social group that develops them. The implications were that if you do not have it, there is nothing one can do to get . This particular finding raises serious social justice issues on access and success in Marketing. If there is nothing that can be done to develop these characteristics, allowing such people into Marketing is setting them up for failure. On the other hand, denying access based on birth and social grouping raises concerns of the justice in the societies we live in. The study calls for an explicit engagement with the assumptions about the knower’s dispositions. While it was consistently evident that such dispositions were key to the specialisation of the field, the assumption that students either had these dispositions or lacked them is a social injustice and raises a number of unanswerable and painful questions given the racially differentiated success rates. The study concludes by calling for academics to explicitly curriculate for the target dispositions so that students are exposed to the value of these dispositions and given opportunities to engage with them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
In vitro cytotoxic effects of chemical constituents of Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc against breast cancer cells
- Kemboi, Douglas, Peter, Xolani, Langat, Moses K, Mhlanga, Richwell, Vukea, Nyeleti, de la Mare, Jo-Anne, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Krause, Rui W M, Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Authors: Kemboi, Douglas , Peter, Xolani , Langat, Moses K , Mhlanga, Richwell , Vukea, Nyeleti , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191747 , vital:45160 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01002"
- Description: Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc is widely utilized in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments including body pains associated with skin irritations, inflammation, and snake or scorpion bites. Compounds from E. grandicornis were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, NMR, IR, MS, and melting points and alongside the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. The root extract afforded known, β-glutinol (1), β-amyrin (2), 24-methylenetirucalla-8-en-3β-ol (3), tirucalla-8,25-diene-3β,24R-diol (4), stigmasterol (5), sitosterol (6), and hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) based on their NMR spectroscopic data for the first report in E. grandicornis. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for anticancer activities against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. The CH2Cl2 extract exhibited potent, cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells. The aerial extract exhibited IC50 values of 1.03, 0.301, and 1.68 µg/mL, and root extract displayed IC50 values of 0.83, 0.83 and 3.98 µg/mL against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells respectively. The root extract thus showed selectivity for the cancer cell lines over the non-cancerous control cell line (SI = 4.80). Hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) showed significant activity with IC50 values of 23.41, 29.45 and 27.01 µM against MCF-7, HCC70 and MCF-12A cells respectively, suggesting non-specific cytotoxicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Kemboi, Douglas , Peter, Xolani , Langat, Moses K , Mhlanga, Richwell , Vukea, Nyeleti , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191747 , vital:45160 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01002"
- Description: Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc is widely utilized in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments including body pains associated with skin irritations, inflammation, and snake or scorpion bites. Compounds from E. grandicornis were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, NMR, IR, MS, and melting points and alongside the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. The root extract afforded known, β-glutinol (1), β-amyrin (2), 24-methylenetirucalla-8-en-3β-ol (3), tirucalla-8,25-diene-3β,24R-diol (4), stigmasterol (5), sitosterol (6), and hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) based on their NMR spectroscopic data for the first report in E. grandicornis. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for anticancer activities against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. The CH2Cl2 extract exhibited potent, cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells. The aerial extract exhibited IC50 values of 1.03, 0.301, and 1.68 µg/mL, and root extract displayed IC50 values of 0.83, 0.83 and 3.98 µg/mL against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells respectively. The root extract thus showed selectivity for the cancer cell lines over the non-cancerous control cell line (SI = 4.80). Hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) showed significant activity with IC50 values of 23.41, 29.45 and 27.01 µM against MCF-7, HCC70 and MCF-12A cells respectively, suggesting non-specific cytotoxicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021