Consequences of citizens’ non-reporting of crime to the Police: A survey of Mthatha Policing Precinct, South Africa
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Citizen crime reporting Victims of crimes surveys Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7962 , vital:57343 , ("https://iipccl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/035.pdf")
- Description: Whilst citizens are at liberty to decide whether or not to report a crime to the police, nonreporting of crime to the police may come with a heavy price. This study evaluates the consequences of non-reporting of crime to the police in South Africa’s Mthatha policing area. It comes against a backdrop of a rise in criminal activities in South Africa. A survey was conducted among households in selected residential areas of Mthatha, from where 120 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS to reveal both descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, continued engagement in criminal activities by perpetrators, resulting in absence of investigations was found to be the major impact of non-reporting of crime to the police. Findings also revealed that the victims bear the most implications of non-reporting of crime. Inability to identify crime hot spots, misallocation of policing resources and inability to determine crime trends and tendencies were also viewed as significant impacts of non-reporting of crime to the police. A factor analysis revealed officials’ inability to determine trends and tendencies that could inform policing strategies as the most significant component.
- Full Text:
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Citizen crime reporting Victims of crimes surveys Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7962 , vital:57343 , ("https://iipccl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/035.pdf")
- Description: Whilst citizens are at liberty to decide whether or not to report a crime to the police, nonreporting of crime to the police may come with a heavy price. This study evaluates the consequences of non-reporting of crime to the police in South Africa’s Mthatha policing area. It comes against a backdrop of a rise in criminal activities in South Africa. A survey was conducted among households in selected residential areas of Mthatha, from where 120 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS to reveal both descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, continued engagement in criminal activities by perpetrators, resulting in absence of investigations was found to be the major impact of non-reporting of crime to the police. Findings also revealed that the victims bear the most implications of non-reporting of crime. Inability to identify crime hot spots, misallocation of policing resources and inability to determine crime trends and tendencies were also viewed as significant impacts of non-reporting of crime to the police. A factor analysis revealed officials’ inability to determine trends and tendencies that could inform policing strategies as the most significant component.
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Towards HIV Testing Among IsiXhosa-Speaking Men in The Zithulele Catchment Area of The Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Scotcher, Philippa Claire
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6842 , vital:51017
- Description: BACKGROUND South Africa carries the largest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world, with over 7.9 million people infected and over 70 000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Men are 25% more likely to die from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) compared to women, even though women are more likely to be infected. Despite these numbers, only 24.1% of HIV-positive men compared to 64.8% of HIV-positive women were aware of their status. Statistics indicate that men in South Africa are not testing for HIV until it is too late. In order to focus efforts on the prevention of HIV transmission, there is a need to understand why men are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services earlier. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HIV testing of isiXhosa-speaking men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape. METHODS This was a qualitative study using the phenomenological approach. It was conducted among a purposive sample of isiXhosa-speaking men from the Zithulele catchment area, in the OR Tambo district of the Eastern Cape Province. Ten semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted in isiXhosa. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The interviews were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants from the study had a good understanding of HIV and HIV transmission. They perceived HIV infection as a death sentence, a consequence of immoral behaviour and an indication of failure as man. Reluctance to test for HIV was due to the perception that testing hastens the onset of symptoms and death, whereas disclosure of an HIV-positive status was described as difficult due to the fear of stigmatization. Some of the barriers to accessing HIV testing services included masculine norms, the belief that sickness is equated with weakness, a perceived lack of confidentiality at health facilities and how female-dominated clinics were not male-friendly spaces. Suggestions to improve HIV testing among men included improving targeted education, home-based testing services and utilizing traditional meetings to address men. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may suggest that healthy men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services. The reasons behind this reluctance include false beliefs around HIV and testing, the fear of discrimination, disruption of masculine norms and reluctance to access care at female-dominated health facilities. Further research is needed to explore ways to reach, educate and encourage men to test earlier for HIV. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scotcher, Philippa Claire
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6842 , vital:51017
- Description: BACKGROUND South Africa carries the largest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world, with over 7.9 million people infected and over 70 000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Men are 25% more likely to die from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) compared to women, even though women are more likely to be infected. Despite these numbers, only 24.1% of HIV-positive men compared to 64.8% of HIV-positive women were aware of their status. Statistics indicate that men in South Africa are not testing for HIV until it is too late. In order to focus efforts on the prevention of HIV transmission, there is a need to understand why men are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services earlier. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HIV testing of isiXhosa-speaking men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape. METHODS This was a qualitative study using the phenomenological approach. It was conducted among a purposive sample of isiXhosa-speaking men from the Zithulele catchment area, in the OR Tambo district of the Eastern Cape Province. Ten semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted in isiXhosa. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The interviews were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants from the study had a good understanding of HIV and HIV transmission. They perceived HIV infection as a death sentence, a consequence of immoral behaviour and an indication of failure as man. Reluctance to test for HIV was due to the perception that testing hastens the onset of symptoms and death, whereas disclosure of an HIV-positive status was described as difficult due to the fear of stigmatization. Some of the barriers to accessing HIV testing services included masculine norms, the belief that sickness is equated with weakness, a perceived lack of confidentiality at health facilities and how female-dominated clinics were not male-friendly spaces. Suggestions to improve HIV testing among men included improving targeted education, home-based testing services and utilizing traditional meetings to address men. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may suggest that healthy men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services. The reasons behind this reluctance include false beliefs around HIV and testing, the fear of discrimination, disruption of masculine norms and reluctance to access care at female-dominated health facilities. Further research is needed to explore ways to reach, educate and encourage men to test earlier for HIV. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
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A hand to mouth existence: hurdles emanating from the COVID 19 Pandemic for Women Survivalist Entrepreneurs in Johannesburg, South Africa
- Mapuranga, Miston, Maziriri, Eugine Tafadzwa, Rukuni, Tarisai Fritz
- Authors: Mapuranga, Miston , Maziriri, Eugine Tafadzwa , Rukuni, Tarisai Fritz
- Date: 2021-09-13
- Subjects: Covid-19 (Disease) , Women-owned business enterprises , Entrepreneurship
- Language: English
- Type: article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7460 , vital:53960 , https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a6
- Description: There are many women survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa, many of whom work in the informal sector. The emergence of theCOVID-19 pandemic has a devastating effect on their entrepreneurial projects. While both the public and private sectors have initiated various measures to ease the blow, obstacles continue to confront them. This study sought to examine the challenges faced by women survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa’s Johannesburg metropolitan area. The researchers gathered qualitative data using a qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data was analysed using thematic analyses. The themes that emerged from the findings include; a lack of capital for reinvestment, no government grant support, a decline in the demand for products by the market, rotting agricultural produce or stock, a battle for strategic selling points and numerous confrontations with police as a result of not meeting the regulatory rules relating to COVID-19. The present research provides theoretical implications for academics in entrepreneurship by enhancing the understanding of the hurdles that these entrepreneurs have experienced because of COVID-19. On the practitioners’ side, this work offers avenues for women survivalist entrepreneurs to improve their entrepreneurial ventures and eventually eliminate the challenges they face when running their ventures. This study also offers policy implications. For example, existing government policies can be amended to make the working conditions of women survivalist entrepreneurs better or make the rules under which they operate simpler. This study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by uncovering the difficulties faced by women survivalist entrepreneurs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will assist other scholars in further developing this research field. As such, this research is important for women survivalist entrepreneurs because most of them endeavour to enhance entrepreneurial performance for the betterment of their lives. Governments may also use the study to develop interventions aimed at facilitating the growth and development of women survivalist entrepreneurs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mapuranga, Miston , Maziriri, Eugine Tafadzwa , Rukuni, Tarisai Fritz
- Date: 2021-09-13
- Subjects: Covid-19 (Disease) , Women-owned business enterprises , Entrepreneurship
- Language: English
- Type: article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7460 , vital:53960 , https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a6
- Description: There are many women survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa, many of whom work in the informal sector. The emergence of theCOVID-19 pandemic has a devastating effect on their entrepreneurial projects. While both the public and private sectors have initiated various measures to ease the blow, obstacles continue to confront them. This study sought to examine the challenges faced by women survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa’s Johannesburg metropolitan area. The researchers gathered qualitative data using a qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data was analysed using thematic analyses. The themes that emerged from the findings include; a lack of capital for reinvestment, no government grant support, a decline in the demand for products by the market, rotting agricultural produce or stock, a battle for strategic selling points and numerous confrontations with police as a result of not meeting the regulatory rules relating to COVID-19. The present research provides theoretical implications for academics in entrepreneurship by enhancing the understanding of the hurdles that these entrepreneurs have experienced because of COVID-19. On the practitioners’ side, this work offers avenues for women survivalist entrepreneurs to improve their entrepreneurial ventures and eventually eliminate the challenges they face when running their ventures. This study also offers policy implications. For example, existing government policies can be amended to make the working conditions of women survivalist entrepreneurs better or make the rules under which they operate simpler. This study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by uncovering the difficulties faced by women survivalist entrepreneurs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will assist other scholars in further developing this research field. As such, this research is important for women survivalist entrepreneurs because most of them endeavour to enhance entrepreneurial performance for the betterment of their lives. Governments may also use the study to develop interventions aimed at facilitating the growth and development of women survivalist entrepreneurs.
- Full Text:
Factors Associated with Victimization of Police Officers in Mthatha, South Africa
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Citizen crime reporting Victims of crimes surveys Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7437 , vital:53962 , ("https://doi.org/10.55058/adrrijass.v18i2 (6) July-September.708")
- Description: This paper provides an analysisof the risk factors that make South African Police Services officers vulnerable to becoming victims of crime. The participants of this study comprise of one hundred and five (105) male and female police officers of various demographics, randomly selected from nine (9) police stations. The study utilised survey instrument (questionnaire) to collect data from the respondents, which were analysed by employing relevant descriptive and inferential tools from Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences. Even though this study found work related factors and new rank as predisposing conditions for victimization, police officers were found to be more susceptible to victimization due to going out atnight alone, staying out at nights generally and indulgence in alcoholism. While living in descriptively, ‘bad area’ and crime prone areas were potent factors to police officers being victimised, carrying firearms never saved them from attacks. Interestingly, police officers with 1-5 years of experience who are married have greater victimization experience than those who never married, across all police stations.
- Full Text:
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Citizen crime reporting Victims of crimes surveys Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7437 , vital:53962 , ("https://doi.org/10.55058/adrrijass.v18i2 (6) July-September.708")
- Description: This paper provides an analysisof the risk factors that make South African Police Services officers vulnerable to becoming victims of crime. The participants of this study comprise of one hundred and five (105) male and female police officers of various demographics, randomly selected from nine (9) police stations. The study utilised survey instrument (questionnaire) to collect data from the respondents, which were analysed by employing relevant descriptive and inferential tools from Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences. Even though this study found work related factors and new rank as predisposing conditions for victimization, police officers were found to be more susceptible to victimization due to going out atnight alone, staying out at nights generally and indulgence in alcoholism. While living in descriptively, ‘bad area’ and crime prone areas were potent factors to police officers being victimised, carrying firearms never saved them from attacks. Interestingly, police officers with 1-5 years of experience who are married have greater victimization experience than those who never married, across all police stations.
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A panacea for public participation during Covid-19 and beyond in Matjhabeng Local Municipality
- Authors: Mofolo, Malefetsane
- Date: 2021-08-18
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6295 , vital:45356
- Description: Since the inception of Covid-19 in 2020 in South Africa and the subsequent lockdown levels that were introduced in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic, public participation in municipalities has experienced a serious knock. Public participation forms the most important legislative principle for good governance in the South African government. While,the literature is showing that Covid-19 has affected the South African public sector in numerous ways, the tension that was created by the challenges inclined to public participation in the South African municipalities during the pandemic has not gained much attention. Apparently,communities were not even aware of the measures that were introduced to conduct public participation during this period of Covid19.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mofolo, Malefetsane
- Date: 2021-08-18
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6295 , vital:45356
- Description: Since the inception of Covid-19 in 2020 in South Africa and the subsequent lockdown levels that were introduced in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic, public participation in municipalities has experienced a serious knock. Public participation forms the most important legislative principle for good governance in the South African government. While,the literature is showing that Covid-19 has affected the South African public sector in numerous ways, the tension that was created by the challenges inclined to public participation in the South African municipalities during the pandemic has not gained much attention. Apparently,communities were not even aware of the measures that were introduced to conduct public participation during this period of Covid19.
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Mthatha Research and Innovation Day: programme
- Authors: Walter Sisulu University
- Date: 2021-08-15
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6267 , vital:45361
- Description: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day. Topic The Impact of the pandemic in Higher Education and Research: Challenges and possibilities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Walter Sisulu University
- Date: 2021-08-15
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6267 , vital:45361
- Description: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day. Topic The Impact of the pandemic in Higher Education and Research: Challenges and possibilities.
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The criminal justice response to human trafficking: Exploring the investigative and prosecutorial hurdles
- Mugari, Ishmael, Obioha, Emeka E
- Authors: Mugari, Ishmael , Obioha, Emeka E
- Date: 2021-06-30
- Subjects: Human trafficking Human trafficking Computer File , Prosecution Prosecution Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7416 , vital:53964 , https://doi.org/10.55058/adrrijass.v18i1(6),%20April,%202021-%20June.659
- Description: Much has been written on the scourge of human trafficking, with majority of previous research focussing on trends, forms, as well as the regulatory framework for countering the scourge. Despite the presence of a vast body of knowledge on human trafficking, less attention has been given to the operational dynamics that are involved in the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases. This paper, which is based on a literature and documentary survey, evaluates the challenges that are encountered by the criminal justice players in responding to human trafficking. The paper specifically focuses on the challenges that are faced by law enforcement agencies in the investigation of human trafficking, as well as the challenges that are faced in the prosecution of human trafficking offenders. Whilst the paper takes a global approach to the problem, much attention is given to South Africa and Zimbabwe- two neighbouring Southern African nations. Keywords: human trafficking, investigations, prosecution, victim protection
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mugari, Ishmael , Obioha, Emeka E
- Date: 2021-06-30
- Subjects: Human trafficking Human trafficking Computer File , Prosecution Prosecution Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7416 , vital:53964 , https://doi.org/10.55058/adrrijass.v18i1(6),%20April,%202021-%20June.659
- Description: Much has been written on the scourge of human trafficking, with majority of previous research focussing on trends, forms, as well as the regulatory framework for countering the scourge. Despite the presence of a vast body of knowledge on human trafficking, less attention has been given to the operational dynamics that are involved in the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases. This paper, which is based on a literature and documentary survey, evaluates the challenges that are encountered by the criminal justice players in responding to human trafficking. The paper specifically focuses on the challenges that are faced by law enforcement agencies in the investigation of human trafficking, as well as the challenges that are faced in the prosecution of human trafficking offenders. Whilst the paper takes a global approach to the problem, much attention is given to South Africa and Zimbabwe- two neighbouring Southern African nations. Keywords: human trafficking, investigations, prosecution, victim protection
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The significance of mentorship in supporting the career advancement of women in the public sector
- Authors: Mcilongo, M , Strydom, K
- Date: 2021-06-11
- Subjects: Career development Career advancement ; Career ladder ; Career management ; Career planning ; Development, Career ; Development, Professional ; Employee development ; Organizational career development ; Professional development Computer File , Mentoring Mentorship Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6434 , vital:45498 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07321
- Description: Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the workplace and influenced career opportunities afforded to women in the public sector. The slow progress in the transformation of organisations indicates there is a need for a structural developmental approach for women's career advancement. Mentoring has been recognised as a valuable development strategy and an affirmative action tool that can be used to support and promote women and groups that have been viewed as previously disadvantaged. The aim of the study was to highlight the significance of mentorship as a career advancement mechanism for women in the South African public sector. The study identified dimensions of mentorship (female mentors, career support, mentoring policy and leadership development) and tested the proposed hypotheses to determine whether a statistically significant relationship existed between mentorship and career advancement. A quantitative approach was followed to collect data from a sample of 200 women employed in the public sector in the different provinces of South Africa. Statistical methods used to conduct the data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that women employees in the public sector view mentorship as an important factor for development; however, the gender of the mentor does not necessarily influence career advancement. Mechanisms to support mentoring have not been established in the public sector, highlighting the urgency for managers in the public sector to ensure that mentorship policies are put in place.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mcilongo, M , Strydom, K
- Date: 2021-06-11
- Subjects: Career development Career advancement ; Career ladder ; Career management ; Career planning ; Development, Career ; Development, Professional ; Employee development ; Organizational career development ; Professional development Computer File , Mentoring Mentorship Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6434 , vital:45498 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07321
- Description: Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the workplace and influenced career opportunities afforded to women in the public sector. The slow progress in the transformation of organisations indicates there is a need for a structural developmental approach for women's career advancement. Mentoring has been recognised as a valuable development strategy and an affirmative action tool that can be used to support and promote women and groups that have been viewed as previously disadvantaged. The aim of the study was to highlight the significance of mentorship as a career advancement mechanism for women in the South African public sector. The study identified dimensions of mentorship (female mentors, career support, mentoring policy and leadership development) and tested the proposed hypotheses to determine whether a statistically significant relationship existed between mentorship and career advancement. A quantitative approach was followed to collect data from a sample of 200 women employed in the public sector in the different provinces of South Africa. Statistical methods used to conduct the data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that women employees in the public sector view mentorship as an important factor for development; however, the gender of the mentor does not necessarily influence career advancement. Mechanisms to support mentoring have not been established in the public sector, highlighting the urgency for managers in the public sector to ensure that mentorship policies are put in place.
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The significance of mentorship in supporting the career advancement of women in the public sector
- Mcilongo, M, Strydom, K (https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8141-7673)
- Authors: Mcilongo, M , Strydom, K (https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8141-7673)
- Date: 2021-06-11
- Subjects: Career development Career advancement ; Career ladder ; Career management ; Career planning ; Development, Career ; Development, Professional ; Employee development ; Organizational career development ; Professional development Computer File , Mentoring Mentorship Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6423 , vital:45497 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07321
- Description: Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the workplace and influenced career opportunities afforded to women in the public sector. The slow progress in the transformation of organisations indicates there is a need for a structural developmental approach for women's career advancement. Mentoring has been recognised as a valuable development strategy and an affirmative action tool that can be used to support and promote women and groups that have been viewed as previously disadvantaged. The aim of the study was to highlight the significance of mentorship as a career advancement mechanism for women in the South African public sector. The study identified dimensions of mentorship (female mentors, career support, mentoring policy and leadership development) and tested the proposed hypotheses to determine whether a statistically significant relationship existed between mentorship and career advancement. A quantitative approach was followed to collect data from a sample of 200 women employed in the public sector in the different provinces of South Africa. Statistical methods used to conduct the data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that women employees in the public sector view mentorship as an important factor for development; however, the gender of the mentor does not necessarily influence career advancement. Mechanisms to support mentoring have not been established in the public sector, highlighting the urgency for managers in the public sector to ensure that mentorship policies are put in place.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mcilongo, M , Strydom, K (https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8141-7673)
- Date: 2021-06-11
- Subjects: Career development Career advancement ; Career ladder ; Career management ; Career planning ; Development, Career ; Development, Professional ; Employee development ; Organizational career development ; Professional development Computer File , Mentoring Mentorship Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6423 , vital:45497 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07321
- Description: Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the workplace and influenced career opportunities afforded to women in the public sector. The slow progress in the transformation of organisations indicates there is a need for a structural developmental approach for women's career advancement. Mentoring has been recognised as a valuable development strategy and an affirmative action tool that can be used to support and promote women and groups that have been viewed as previously disadvantaged. The aim of the study was to highlight the significance of mentorship as a career advancement mechanism for women in the South African public sector. The study identified dimensions of mentorship (female mentors, career support, mentoring policy and leadership development) and tested the proposed hypotheses to determine whether a statistically significant relationship existed between mentorship and career advancement. A quantitative approach was followed to collect data from a sample of 200 women employed in the public sector in the different provinces of South Africa. Statistical methods used to conduct the data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that women employees in the public sector view mentorship as an important factor for development; however, the gender of the mentor does not necessarily influence career advancement. Mechanisms to support mentoring have not been established in the public sector, highlighting the urgency for managers in the public sector to ensure that mentorship policies are put in place.
- Full Text:
Addressing the Twin Challenges of Poverty and Unemployment through Community Work Programmes in South Africa :
- Tshishonga, Ndwakhulu, Matsiliza, Noluthando S
- Authors: Tshishonga, Ndwakhulu , Matsiliza, Noluthando S
- Date: 2021-06
- Subjects: South Africa Poverty Equality Community organization Livelihoods Public Works Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7424 , vital:53961 , https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/v11n2a12
- Description: This paper interrogates gaps in the implementing community work programmes in South Africa using the case of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) and Community Work Programmes (CWP). The EPWP and CWPs were adopted by government as strategies aimed at uprooting poverty and unemployment in South Africa. The intention was to respond to high levels of poverty and structural unemployment compounded by gross inequity which renders South Africa the most unequal society in the world. South Africa is characterised by inequality, poverty and unemployment, and this has created an uneven allocation of resources to society at large. The interface of poverty, unemployment and inequality undermines South Africa’s policies to become a developmental state. This paper argues that the legacy of apartheid and the adoption of neo-liberal policies in the post-apartheid era has not only contributed to socio-economic exclusion and marginalisation, but also relegate the poor and disadvantaged people into the deprivation trap. The paper evaluates the potential and challenges faced by EPWP, and the CWP to address the twin problems of poverty and unemployment in the country. Authors of this paper adopted a qualitative research approach to review literature from various sources such as books, articles from accredited journals and online credible publications. To respond to the aim, this paper argues that, although community-based work programmes such as the Expanded Public Works Programme and Community Work do not sustain employment opportunities in South Africa, they provide short-term safety nets for the unemployed, semi-skilled and unskilled citizens. Findings from this study revealed that community development work is not successful in achieving all the goals that are directly linked to poverty alleviation at programme level. Challenges found to be stifling the effective implementation of community work programmes included the implementation of the programmes at small scale, lack of active participation by unemployed and host communities, poor coordination and inadequate adequate infrastructure and resources to run the programmes effectively as we as well limited access to resources, assets and skills that can be jointly used to sustain the economy. The paper recommends the adoption of pluralistic approach in promoting active participation among community work programmes’ stakeholders. This a literature review paper hence secondary sources of data were used.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tshishonga, Ndwakhulu , Matsiliza, Noluthando S
- Date: 2021-06
- Subjects: South Africa Poverty Equality Community organization Livelihoods Public Works Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7424 , vital:53961 , https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/v11n2a12
- Description: This paper interrogates gaps in the implementing community work programmes in South Africa using the case of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) and Community Work Programmes (CWP). The EPWP and CWPs were adopted by government as strategies aimed at uprooting poverty and unemployment in South Africa. The intention was to respond to high levels of poverty and structural unemployment compounded by gross inequity which renders South Africa the most unequal society in the world. South Africa is characterised by inequality, poverty and unemployment, and this has created an uneven allocation of resources to society at large. The interface of poverty, unemployment and inequality undermines South Africa’s policies to become a developmental state. This paper argues that the legacy of apartheid and the adoption of neo-liberal policies in the post-apartheid era has not only contributed to socio-economic exclusion and marginalisation, but also relegate the poor and disadvantaged people into the deprivation trap. The paper evaluates the potential and challenges faced by EPWP, and the CWP to address the twin problems of poverty and unemployment in the country. Authors of this paper adopted a qualitative research approach to review literature from various sources such as books, articles from accredited journals and online credible publications. To respond to the aim, this paper argues that, although community-based work programmes such as the Expanded Public Works Programme and Community Work do not sustain employment opportunities in South Africa, they provide short-term safety nets for the unemployed, semi-skilled and unskilled citizens. Findings from this study revealed that community development work is not successful in achieving all the goals that are directly linked to poverty alleviation at programme level. Challenges found to be stifling the effective implementation of community work programmes included the implementation of the programmes at small scale, lack of active participation by unemployed and host communities, poor coordination and inadequate adequate infrastructure and resources to run the programmes effectively as we as well limited access to resources, assets and skills that can be jointly used to sustain the economy. The paper recommends the adoption of pluralistic approach in promoting active participation among community work programmes’ stakeholders. This a literature review paper hence secondary sources of data were used.
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Atypical HIV-vacuolar myelopathy: a case report :
- Mongezi, Tau, Sibi, Joseph, Jerry, George, Lourdes de Fátima, Ibañez Valdés, Tozama, Dubula, Humberto, Foyaca Sibat
- Authors: Mongezi, Tau , Sibi, Joseph , Jerry, George , Lourdes de Fátima, Ibañez Valdés , Tozama, Dubula , Humberto, Foyaca Sibat
- Date: 2021-06
- Subjects: South Africa HIV (Viruses) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7670 , vital:54741 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00483-0
- Description: Background: Here, we report an atypical HIV-vacuolar myelopathy and search the available medical literature about atypical presentations of human immunodefciency virus associate vacuolar myelopathy (HIV-VM) and immunoglobu‑ lin therapy response. Case: A 26-year-old lady who was 4 weeks postpartum presented to us with acute faccid quadriparesis, with no sen‑ sory level. Extensive workup ruled out other causes of myelopathy. She developed a stage 3 acute kidney injury, and MRI showed difuse cord atrophy involving the lower cervical and thoracic cord. The patient received IV-immunoglob‑ ulin, ARVs, and supportive therapy with inadequate response. Unfortunately, she developed nosocomial pneumonia and died. Discussion: In HIV-VM, there is spinal cord atrophy, which mainly involves the thoracic cord. In our case, this patho‑ logical process also afected the spinal cord’s cervical region, leading to faccid tetraplegia, with high CD4 level, with‑ out response to the treatment, including intravenous immunoglobulin. Keynotes: Vacuolar myelopathy, HIV, Immunoglobulin therapy, faccid tetraplegia, hypokalaemia. Renal failure. Keywords: Human immunodefciency virus, Associated lesions of the nervous system, Human immunodefciency virus-associated myelopathy, Intravenous immunoglobulin administration, Case report, HIV-vacuolar myelopathy
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mongezi, Tau , Sibi, Joseph , Jerry, George , Lourdes de Fátima, Ibañez Valdés , Tozama, Dubula , Humberto, Foyaca Sibat
- Date: 2021-06
- Subjects: South Africa HIV (Viruses) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7670 , vital:54741 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00483-0
- Description: Background: Here, we report an atypical HIV-vacuolar myelopathy and search the available medical literature about atypical presentations of human immunodefciency virus associate vacuolar myelopathy (HIV-VM) and immunoglobu‑ lin therapy response. Case: A 26-year-old lady who was 4 weeks postpartum presented to us with acute faccid quadriparesis, with no sen‑ sory level. Extensive workup ruled out other causes of myelopathy. She developed a stage 3 acute kidney injury, and MRI showed difuse cord atrophy involving the lower cervical and thoracic cord. The patient received IV-immunoglob‑ ulin, ARVs, and supportive therapy with inadequate response. Unfortunately, she developed nosocomial pneumonia and died. Discussion: In HIV-VM, there is spinal cord atrophy, which mainly involves the thoracic cord. In our case, this patho‑ logical process also afected the spinal cord’s cervical region, leading to faccid tetraplegia, with high CD4 level, with‑ out response to the treatment, including intravenous immunoglobulin. Keynotes: Vacuolar myelopathy, HIV, Immunoglobulin therapy, faccid tetraplegia, hypokalaemia. Renal failure. Keywords: Human immunodefciency virus, Associated lesions of the nervous system, Human immunodefciency virus-associated myelopathy, Intravenous immunoglobulin administration, Case report, HIV-vacuolar myelopathy
- Full Text:
The Effect of Using English as A Language of Learning and Teaching on Learner Academic Performance in Senior Phase of Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Seabela, Marcia Motlatso
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: teaching strategies
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10593 , vital:75188
- Description: The study sought to investigate the effect of using English as a language of learning and teaching on learner academic performance in the senior phase of Mthatha District, Eastern Cape Province. This study employed a mixed-method approach. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The study was conducted in 3 semi-rural senior secondary schools that were conveniently selected. The quantitative part employed Likert-type scale questionnaires that were administered to 10 Mathematics (Math), 10 Natural Sciences (NS) and 10 Social Sciences (SS) teachers making a total of 30 teachers and a total of 30 learners from grades 8 and 9. For the qualitative part, nine (9) teachers and eighteen (18) learners from the selected schools were interviewed. The 18 teachers in three schools were observed as they taught Grade 8 and 9 learners in their respective classes. Qualitative data were, thus, gathered through interviews and observations. Quantitative data was collected using Likert-type scale questionnaires and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel. The voice recorded qualitative data from the participant’s responses were transcribed and analysed manually through coding, forming categories and themes that were used for data presentation. These are some of the findings: The majority of learners do not understand English, therefore, it was difficult for them to understand the teaching and learning of the selected subjects in Senior Phase (SP) using English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT); Although the majority of learners reported that they usually use English as a LoLT and their home language when learning the selected subjects, they still struggled to ask and answer questions in English in a classroom and during examinations; Learners who experience difficulties in learning the selected subjects through the use of English as a LoLT in SP, were taught in their home language (isiXhosa) by their teachers; English and isiXhosa, in the form of code-switching, were used when teaching the selected subjects; Inadequate teacher training and preparation made it more difficult for the learners to perform well in the selected subjects. The study recommends that: The Department of Education should conduct enough workshops to help HOD’s and teachers who teach the selected subjects to keep abreast of new developments in these subjects. These should be integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and learning and teaching support materials. Keywords: English as the language of learning and teaching, teaching strategies, learning, teaching support materials. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Authors: Seabela, Marcia Motlatso
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: teaching strategies
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10593 , vital:75188
- Description: The study sought to investigate the effect of using English as a language of learning and teaching on learner academic performance in the senior phase of Mthatha District, Eastern Cape Province. This study employed a mixed-method approach. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The study was conducted in 3 semi-rural senior secondary schools that were conveniently selected. The quantitative part employed Likert-type scale questionnaires that were administered to 10 Mathematics (Math), 10 Natural Sciences (NS) and 10 Social Sciences (SS) teachers making a total of 30 teachers and a total of 30 learners from grades 8 and 9. For the qualitative part, nine (9) teachers and eighteen (18) learners from the selected schools were interviewed. The 18 teachers in three schools were observed as they taught Grade 8 and 9 learners in their respective classes. Qualitative data were, thus, gathered through interviews and observations. Quantitative data was collected using Likert-type scale questionnaires and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel. The voice recorded qualitative data from the participant’s responses were transcribed and analysed manually through coding, forming categories and themes that were used for data presentation. These are some of the findings: The majority of learners do not understand English, therefore, it was difficult for them to understand the teaching and learning of the selected subjects in Senior Phase (SP) using English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT); Although the majority of learners reported that they usually use English as a LoLT and their home language when learning the selected subjects, they still struggled to ask and answer questions in English in a classroom and during examinations; Learners who experience difficulties in learning the selected subjects through the use of English as a LoLT in SP, were taught in their home language (isiXhosa) by their teachers; English and isiXhosa, in the form of code-switching, were used when teaching the selected subjects; Inadequate teacher training and preparation made it more difficult for the learners to perform well in the selected subjects. The study recommends that: The Department of Education should conduct enough workshops to help HOD’s and teachers who teach the selected subjects to keep abreast of new developments in these subjects. These should be integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and learning and teaching support materials. Keywords: English as the language of learning and teaching, teaching strategies, learning, teaching support materials. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
The Effect of Using English as A Language of Learning and Teaching on Learner Academic Performance in Senior Phase of Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Seabela, Marcia Motlatso
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: teaching strategies
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6782 , vital:49059
- Description: The study sought to investigate the effect of using English as a language of learning and teaching on learner academic performance in the senior phase of Mthatha District, Eastern Cape Province. This study employed a mixed-method approach. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The study was conducted in 3 semi-rural senior secondary schools that were conveniently selected. The quantitative part employed Likert-type scale questionnaires that were administered to 10 Mathematics (Math), 10 Natural Sciences (NS) and 10 Social Sciences (SS) teachers making a total of 30 teachers and a total of 30 learners from grades 8 and 9. For the qualitative part, nine (9) teachers and eighteen (18) learners from the selected schools were interviewed. The 18 teachers in three schools were observed as they taught Grade 8 and 9 learners in their respective classes. Qualitative data were, thus, gathered through interviews and observations. Quantitative data was collected using Likert-type scale questionnaires and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel. The voice recorded qualitative data from the participant’s responses were transcribed and analysed manually through coding, forming categories and themes that were used for data presentation. These are some of the findings: The majority of learners do not understand English, therefore, it was difficult for them to understand the teaching and learning of the selected subjects in Senior Phase (SP) using English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT); Although the majority of learners reported that they usually use English as a LoLT and their home language when learning the selected subjects, they still struggled to ask and answer questions in English in a classroom and during examinations; Learners who experience difficulties in learning the selected subjects through the use of English as a LoLT in SP, were taught in their home language (isiXhosa) by their teachers; English and isiXhosa, in the form of code-switching, were used when teaching the selected subjects; Inadequate teacher training and preparation made it more difficult for the learners to perform well in the selected subjects. The study recommends that: The Department of Education should conduct enough workshops to help HOD’s and teachers who teach the selected subjects to keep abreast of new developments in these subjects. These should be integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and learning and teaching support materials. Keywords: English as the language of learning and teaching, teaching strategies, learning, teaching support materials. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Authors: Seabela, Marcia Motlatso
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: teaching strategies
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6782 , vital:49059
- Description: The study sought to investigate the effect of using English as a language of learning and teaching on learner academic performance in the senior phase of Mthatha District, Eastern Cape Province. This study employed a mixed-method approach. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The study was conducted in 3 semi-rural senior secondary schools that were conveniently selected. The quantitative part employed Likert-type scale questionnaires that were administered to 10 Mathematics (Math), 10 Natural Sciences (NS) and 10 Social Sciences (SS) teachers making a total of 30 teachers and a total of 30 learners from grades 8 and 9. For the qualitative part, nine (9) teachers and eighteen (18) learners from the selected schools were interviewed. The 18 teachers in three schools were observed as they taught Grade 8 and 9 learners in their respective classes. Qualitative data were, thus, gathered through interviews and observations. Quantitative data was collected using Likert-type scale questionnaires and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel. The voice recorded qualitative data from the participant’s responses were transcribed and analysed manually through coding, forming categories and themes that were used for data presentation. These are some of the findings: The majority of learners do not understand English, therefore, it was difficult for them to understand the teaching and learning of the selected subjects in Senior Phase (SP) using English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT); Although the majority of learners reported that they usually use English as a LoLT and their home language when learning the selected subjects, they still struggled to ask and answer questions in English in a classroom and during examinations; Learners who experience difficulties in learning the selected subjects through the use of English as a LoLT in SP, were taught in their home language (isiXhosa) by their teachers; English and isiXhosa, in the form of code-switching, were used when teaching the selected subjects; Inadequate teacher training and preparation made it more difficult for the learners to perform well in the selected subjects. The study recommends that: The Department of Education should conduct enough workshops to help HOD’s and teachers who teach the selected subjects to keep abreast of new developments in these subjects. These should be integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and learning and teaching support materials. Keywords: English as the language of learning and teaching, teaching strategies, learning, teaching support materials. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
Features of Graduate Underemployment in South Africa: A Study in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province
- Mayekiso, Cwenga, Obioha, Emeka E
- Authors: Mayekiso, Cwenga , Obioha, Emeka E
- Date: 2021-03
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7451 , vital:53966 , https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/v11n1a8
- Description: This paper articulates the patterns and feel of graduate underemployment in Mthatha, a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. Foregrounded on Peter Blua’s Social Exchange Theory, this study adopted a quantitative approach. A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from underemployed graduate population through a combination of stratified and random sampling techniques. Data collected from survey (questionnaire) were analysed with appropriate tools in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The study found that majority of underemployed graduates are between 21 and 25 years of age, married, hold bachelor’s degrees in Social Sciences. Gender, qualification type and level of qualification have no significant influence on determining underemployed graduates’ choice of occupation as single and combined variables or factors. While only very few (5%) of the underemployed graduates are never happy at work, femaleness, older graduates, Africans, higher qualification, higher basic salary and longer years of underemployment best predict happiness at work, although not at significant level, except for basic salary. A majority of graduates (73.3%) do sometimes consider leaving their current jobs, even when there are no alternatives. This is influenced by maleness, older graduates, being Whites, higher qualification, lower basic salary and lower years of underemployment. Lack of networking was found to be the most important factor in graduate underemployment, followed by lack of experience and gender not being significant. This study recommends policy intervention by state, where there is legislation that provides for entry level jobs that may not require previous experience. Also, there should be another legislation that protects the underemployed through salary regulation and incentivising of employers that engage workers in such capacity. Keywords: Underemployment, Youth, Graduates, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mayekiso, Cwenga , Obioha, Emeka E
- Date: 2021-03
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7451 , vital:53966 , https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/v11n1a8
- Description: This paper articulates the patterns and feel of graduate underemployment in Mthatha, a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. Foregrounded on Peter Blua’s Social Exchange Theory, this study adopted a quantitative approach. A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from underemployed graduate population through a combination of stratified and random sampling techniques. Data collected from survey (questionnaire) were analysed with appropriate tools in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The study found that majority of underemployed graduates are between 21 and 25 years of age, married, hold bachelor’s degrees in Social Sciences. Gender, qualification type and level of qualification have no significant influence on determining underemployed graduates’ choice of occupation as single and combined variables or factors. While only very few (5%) of the underemployed graduates are never happy at work, femaleness, older graduates, Africans, higher qualification, higher basic salary and longer years of underemployment best predict happiness at work, although not at significant level, except for basic salary. A majority of graduates (73.3%) do sometimes consider leaving their current jobs, even when there are no alternatives. This is influenced by maleness, older graduates, being Whites, higher qualification, lower basic salary and lower years of underemployment. Lack of networking was found to be the most important factor in graduate underemployment, followed by lack of experience and gender not being significant. This study recommends policy intervention by state, where there is legislation that provides for entry level jobs that may not require previous experience. Also, there should be another legislation that protects the underemployed through salary regulation and incentivising of employers that engage workers in such capacity. Keywords: Underemployment, Youth, Graduates, South Africa.
- Full Text:
Assessing South African Medical Interns’ Experience and Confidence in Managing Obstetric Emergencies
- Authors: Miller, Andrew
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Obstetrical emergencies
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6882 , vital:52352
- Description: Background: Medical doctors in South Africa are required to complete a two-year internship at training hospitals, including a four-month rotation in obstetrics and gynaecology. Following this, doctors are allocated to community service posts; many of which are at district and primary level facilities where supervision is limited. The latest triennial Saving Mothers Report identified district hospitals as the second leading site for maternal deaths of all causes. District hospital were also the leading site for maternal deaths secondary to obstetric haemorrhage and the most likely site for the lack of a skilled doctor to be identified as a factor in deaths associated with caesarean delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to describe the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to independently manage obstetric emergencies, based on the ESMOE modules in the HPCSA internship logbook. The research assessed medical interns in the last three months of their training, using a self-administered online questionnaire, with data collection between October and December 2019. Cluster sampling of interns at training facilities throughout the country resulted in a total of 182 respondents from 17 hospitals in seven provinces in the country, with an overall response rate of 34.1%. Results: Most interns had experience with, and confidence in, the management of miscarriage and hypertension in pregnancy. However, gaps in labour ward management, pregnancy related sepsis and surgical skills were identified. Only 42.3% of respondents were confident in their ability to diagnose obstructed labour, 26.3% had performed an assisted delivery, 39.0% were confident in their knowledge of the indications and contraindications of assisted deliveries and 35.7% had been involved in the delivery of a baby with shoulder dystocia. Regarding pregnancy related sepsis, 54.4% had experience with managing a wound abscess and 29.7% were confident managing puerperal endometritis. While 78.0% felt confident to perform a caesarean section, only 28.6% had performed uterine compression sutures for uterine atony at caesarean section. Additionally, there was a statistically significant variation in scores between training hospitals. Conclusion: A gap exists between the shortcomings in district hospital obstetric services, the prioritisation of placement of community service doctors at primary care and district hospitals, and the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to safely manage obstetric emergencies. This highlights the importance of clinical support for junior doctors at district hospitals and standardisation of intern training at accredited facilities across the country. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
Assessing South African Medical Interns’ Experience and Confidence in Managing Obstetric Emergencies
- Authors: Miller, Andrew
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Obstetrical emergencies
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6882 , vital:52352
- Description: Background: Medical doctors in South Africa are required to complete a two-year internship at training hospitals, including a four-month rotation in obstetrics and gynaecology. Following this, doctors are allocated to community service posts; many of which are at district and primary level facilities where supervision is limited. The latest triennial Saving Mothers Report identified district hospitals as the second leading site for maternal deaths of all causes. District hospital were also the leading site for maternal deaths secondary to obstetric haemorrhage and the most likely site for the lack of a skilled doctor to be identified as a factor in deaths associated with caesarean delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to describe the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to independently manage obstetric emergencies, based on the ESMOE modules in the HPCSA internship logbook. The research assessed medical interns in the last three months of their training, using a self-administered online questionnaire, with data collection between October and December 2019. Cluster sampling of interns at training facilities throughout the country resulted in a total of 182 respondents from 17 hospitals in seven provinces in the country, with an overall response rate of 34.1%. Results: Most interns had experience with, and confidence in, the management of miscarriage and hypertension in pregnancy. However, gaps in labour ward management, pregnancy related sepsis and surgical skills were identified. Only 42.3% of respondents were confident in their ability to diagnose obstructed labour, 26.3% had performed an assisted delivery, 39.0% were confident in their knowledge of the indications and contraindications of assisted deliveries and 35.7% had been involved in the delivery of a baby with shoulder dystocia. Regarding pregnancy related sepsis, 54.4% had experience with managing a wound abscess and 29.7% were confident managing puerperal endometritis. While 78.0% felt confident to perform a caesarean section, only 28.6% had performed uterine compression sutures for uterine atony at caesarean section. Additionally, there was a statistically significant variation in scores between training hospitals. Conclusion: A gap exists between the shortcomings in district hospital obstetric services, the prioritisation of placement of community service doctors at primary care and district hospitals, and the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to safely manage obstetric emergencies. This highlights the importance of clinical support for junior doctors at district hospitals and standardisation of intern training at accredited facilities across the country. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
Outcomes of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Two Rural District Hospitals, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Lotz, John-D Knipe
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6834 , vital:51018
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is still rampant in South Africa, and drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) forms a significant part of this burden on both the health care system and economy. A number of interventions have recently been introduced to help curb the growing epidemic of DR-TB, including increasing access to novel and repurposed drugs, decentralisation of care, and a new shorter (9-11 month) treatment regimen recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Significantly, this new regimen has now also become injectable-free (also known as an all-oral regimen). However, at the time of implementation in 2017, the shorter regimen was yet to be proven effective in a programmatic setting in South Africa. This is a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcomes in patients on short and long DR-TB treatment regimens, over five years, at two treatment sites in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the hope that elucidation of factors involved in affecting outcomes in DR-TB may direct future interventions in these two facilities, and the wider DR-TB program in South Africa , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lotz, John-D Knipe
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6834 , vital:51018
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is still rampant in South Africa, and drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) forms a significant part of this burden on both the health care system and economy. A number of interventions have recently been introduced to help curb the growing epidemic of DR-TB, including increasing access to novel and repurposed drugs, decentralisation of care, and a new shorter (9-11 month) treatment regimen recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Significantly, this new regimen has now also become injectable-free (also known as an all-oral regimen). However, at the time of implementation in 2017, the shorter regimen was yet to be proven effective in a programmatic setting in South Africa. This is a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcomes in patients on short and long DR-TB treatment regimens, over five years, at two treatment sites in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the hope that elucidation of factors involved in affecting outcomes in DR-TB may direct future interventions in these two facilities, and the wider DR-TB program in South Africa , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
A case for ethical frameworks to enhance mobile government implementation at South African municipalities
- Makwembere, Sandra, Garidzira, Rufaro
- Authors: Makwembere, Sandra , Garidzira, Rufaro
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Government Ethics Technology and state Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7170 , vital:53081 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v17i1.826"
- Description: Interest in mobile government (m-government) is growing globally. Mobile government refers to the use of wireless and mobile technologies to deliver services to citizens, businesses, employees and other government entities. Presently, technological advancements take place despite questions on whether the existing policy and regulatory frameworks are suitable to regulate the effects of m-government. With m-government, municipal operations take place in virtual spaces where the consequences of such operations are still largely unknown and the frameworks that are apt to minimise any long-term effects on society are yet to be defined. This conceptual article suggests that ethical frameworks should be encouraged as part of mobile government implementation in municipalities to encourage reflective municipal practices and to improve judgement and behaviour in m-government decision-making. It contributes to debates on approaches to comprehensively support and guide mobile government towards positive municipal service delivery outcomes. Keywords: m-government; ethics; ethical frameworks; municipal service delivery; e-government; mobile technology
- Full Text:
- Authors: Makwembere, Sandra , Garidzira, Rufaro
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Government Ethics Technology and state Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7170 , vital:53081 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v17i1.826"
- Description: Interest in mobile government (m-government) is growing globally. Mobile government refers to the use of wireless and mobile technologies to deliver services to citizens, businesses, employees and other government entities. Presently, technological advancements take place despite questions on whether the existing policy and regulatory frameworks are suitable to regulate the effects of m-government. With m-government, municipal operations take place in virtual spaces where the consequences of such operations are still largely unknown and the frameworks that are apt to minimise any long-term effects on society are yet to be defined. This conceptual article suggests that ethical frameworks should be encouraged as part of mobile government implementation in municipalities to encourage reflective municipal practices and to improve judgement and behaviour in m-government decision-making. It contributes to debates on approaches to comprehensively support and guide mobile government towards positive municipal service delivery outcomes. Keywords: m-government; ethics; ethical frameworks; municipal service delivery; e-government; mobile technology
- Full Text:
A Critical Review of Environmental Governance, Land Restitution, and Tourism in Protected Areas
- Authors: Ramukumba, Takalani
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Tourism Land use Environmental protection Wildlife conservation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7029 , vital:52756 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.200"
- Description: Natural areas, when protected, conserve the natural environment and function as social spaces in which tourism brings increased income, employment, and financial support for conservation. The inclusion of local community members in the planning and management of protected areas has been on the rise since the early 1900s. Tourism has been advocated as a strategy that can help in achieving economic development, especially in rural areas. However, governance issues and potential negative impacts of tourism development have been under inspection. Conservation efforts in Southern Africa especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s had negative impacts on the local communities since this led to many communities being displaced or having limited access to these protected areas. This has seen the need for ways and efforts to get local community members' despondency and attitudes towards protected areas change such that in the 20th century, there were efforts to use conservation models that included community members in the decision-making and benefit-sharing process to garner their support for protected areas. This paper reviews literature on environmental governance, land restitution in protected areas, tourism in protected areas, co-management, and the importance of community participation. These concepts are reviewed using Manyeleti Game Reserve as a case study. Keywords: Tourism, land restitution, environmental governance, wildlife resources, and stakeholder participation
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ramukumba, Takalani
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Tourism Land use Environmental protection Wildlife conservation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7029 , vital:52756 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.200"
- Description: Natural areas, when protected, conserve the natural environment and function as social spaces in which tourism brings increased income, employment, and financial support for conservation. The inclusion of local community members in the planning and management of protected areas has been on the rise since the early 1900s. Tourism has been advocated as a strategy that can help in achieving economic development, especially in rural areas. However, governance issues and potential negative impacts of tourism development have been under inspection. Conservation efforts in Southern Africa especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s had negative impacts on the local communities since this led to many communities being displaced or having limited access to these protected areas. This has seen the need for ways and efforts to get local community members' despondency and attitudes towards protected areas change such that in the 20th century, there were efforts to use conservation models that included community members in the decision-making and benefit-sharing process to garner their support for protected areas. This paper reviews literature on environmental governance, land restitution in protected areas, tourism in protected areas, co-management, and the importance of community participation. These concepts are reviewed using Manyeleti Game Reserve as a case study. Keywords: Tourism, land restitution, environmental governance, wildlife resources, and stakeholder participation
- Full Text:
A framework to test South Africa’s readiness for the fourth industrial revolution
- Olaitan, Olutoyin O., Issah, Moshood, Wayi, Ntombovuyo
- Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin O. , Issah, Moshood , Wayi, Ntombovuyo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Industry 4.0 Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7153 , vital:53072 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v23i1.1284"
- Description: Background: The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is being touted as having the capacity to lift South Africa out of the challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequitable distribution of wealth. However, the state of the country’s readiness for the enabling technologies of the 4IR is in question. Objective: This article sought to investigate South Africa’s state of readiness for the technologies that enable the 4IR. The article proposed a framework which can be used to measure the country’s level of preparedness and implement the necessary processes to move the country into the 4IR era. Method: A detailed analysis of literature was carried out on the current and futuristic technologies employed by developed countries as they moved towards the 4IR. The fit – viability and the task – technology theories were employed to propose a framework to government for measuring its state of readiness for the 4IR in South Africa. Results: Based on findings from the literature study, the article proposed the 4IR readiness framework for government to measure and subsequently plans its response to the advent of 4IR technologies in the country. Conclusion: The framework revealed that South Africa has low technological capability, plummeting economic complexity and a fall in digital technological readiness. There is also a dearth of skilled workforce and technological infrastructure. It was recommended that government should focus on building and strengthening the resilience of both public and private institutions, investment in relevant 4IR education, infrastructural improvement, and promulgation and enforcement of legal framework to ensure security and privacy of data. Keywords: 4IR; task – technology; fit – viability; digital technology readiness; economic complexity
- Full Text:
- Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin O. , Issah, Moshood , Wayi, Ntombovuyo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Industry 4.0 Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7153 , vital:53072 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v23i1.1284"
- Description: Background: The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is being touted as having the capacity to lift South Africa out of the challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequitable distribution of wealth. However, the state of the country’s readiness for the enabling technologies of the 4IR is in question. Objective: This article sought to investigate South Africa’s state of readiness for the technologies that enable the 4IR. The article proposed a framework which can be used to measure the country’s level of preparedness and implement the necessary processes to move the country into the 4IR era. Method: A detailed analysis of literature was carried out on the current and futuristic technologies employed by developed countries as they moved towards the 4IR. The fit – viability and the task – technology theories were employed to propose a framework to government for measuring its state of readiness for the 4IR in South Africa. Results: Based on findings from the literature study, the article proposed the 4IR readiness framework for government to measure and subsequently plans its response to the advent of 4IR technologies in the country. Conclusion: The framework revealed that South Africa has low technological capability, plummeting economic complexity and a fall in digital technological readiness. There is also a dearth of skilled workforce and technological infrastructure. It was recommended that government should focus on building and strengthening the resilience of both public and private institutions, investment in relevant 4IR education, infrastructural improvement, and promulgation and enforcement of legal framework to ensure security and privacy of data. Keywords: 4IR; task – technology; fit – viability; digital technology readiness; economic complexity
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An Analysis of Employee Motivation in a Multinational Context in Sub Saharan Africa
- Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu, Masaraure, Robson
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Masaraure, Robson
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Employee motivation Sub-Saharan Africa Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7021 , vital:52757 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-119"
- Description: This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings. Keywords: Employee motivation, motivational factors, multinational context, Sub-Saharan Africa
- Full Text:
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Masaraure, Robson
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Employee motivation Sub-Saharan Africa Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7021 , vital:52757 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-119"
- Description: This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings. Keywords: Employee motivation, motivational factors, multinational context, Sub-Saharan Africa
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