List of Titles

Barriers to Implementing Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Managing Small to Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs): the Case of Hogsback, Eastern Cape,SouthAfrica

- Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga

Authors: Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga
Date: 2021
Subjects: Hogsback, South Africa Small and medium-sized enterprises Small Business Information Communication Technology (ICT) Computer File
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6031 , vital:45083 , https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_15/Iss_10/151057_Mxunyelwa_2021_E_R.pdf
Description: Information Communication Technology is recognised worldwide for its contribution towardsSMTEs development and the economy. However, the level of ICT implementation as a management tool, its contribution and the extent of benefits on SMTEs is a debateable phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to the implementation of ICT within the context of small and medium tourism enterprises in Hogsback. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied in this study. Questionnaire interviews were conducted with owner/managers in Hogsback. The stratified sampling methodwas utilised to collect data. The study indicates that (46.2%) of the business respondents wereoperating the accommodation establishments. The findings of the study underscores that (25.6%) of the business owners identified the barriers of ICT appears to be high costs. Further(23.1%) stated that accessing technology was also an impediment. Moreover, the study elucidates that (94.9%) of the SMTE concur that implementation ICT as a management tool helps to meet objectives of the business for the daily operations of the business. It is therefore recommended that ICT be implemented as a management tool for small and medium tourism enterprises. Furthermore, the study recommends that the managers/owners should invest in technology to ensure the success of the SMTEs in all aspects. Furthermore, the study serves asthe basis for future studies in the area of ICT within the SMTE sector
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Cardiometabolic risk factors and early indicators of vascular dysfunction: a cross-sectional cohort study in South African adolescents

- Letswalo, Boitumelo Prescilla, Schmid-Zalaudek, Karin, Brix, Bianca, Matjuda, Edna Ngoakoana, Klosz, Fabian, Obernhumer, Natalie, Gaisl, Michael, Engwa, Godwill Azeh, Sewani-Rusike, Constance, Fredriksen, Per Morten, Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta, Goswami, Nandu

Authors: Letswalo, Boitumelo Prescilla , Schmid-Zalaudek, Karin , Brix, Bianca , Matjuda, Edna Ngoakoana , Klosz, Fabian , Obernhumer, Natalie , Gaisl, Michael , Engwa, Godwill Azeh , Sewani-Rusike, Constance , Fredriksen, Per Morten , Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta , Goswami, Nandu
Date: 2021
Language: English
Type: Journal article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3864 , vital:43959
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Cereal stem borer (Lepidoptera) assemblage structure in a sub-tropical agro-ecosystem, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

- Niba, AS., Mdazu, S.

Authors: Niba, AS. , Mdazu, S.
Date: 2021
Subjects: Cereal products Stem borers Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6958 , vital:52619 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1893861"
Description: Insect pests, especially lepidopterous stem borers, cause significant losses to cereal production at local and global scales. The borer species associated with cultivated grain cereals and alternative wild host plants were identified at three elevation gradients in the former Transkei area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Stem borer sampling was undertaken during maize crop and non-crop seasons in Port St Johns (PSJ), Mthatha and Elliot, sites that differ in elevation above sea level, annual precipitation and temperature. Morphologically identical borers retrieved from each sampling unit were recorded, processed and reared to adult stage for identification at an ambient temperature range of 25–28°C and a relative humidity range of 65–80%. Specimens were sorted first into morphospecies (MS1–MS6) based on external morphological characteristics. Six stem borer species (Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis, Eldana saccharina, Chilo orichalcocili, Chilo sacchariphagus and Chilo partellus) were collected during the survey. E. saccharina and C. orichalcocili were absent in PSJ; in Elliot, E. saccahrina occurred in very low numbers whereas C. partellus was absent. Busseola fusca was more abundant at high altitude (i.e. Elliot). Borer community structure in the study showed similarity between Mthatha and Elliot. Species richness and abundance across study sites were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The study provides information on borer species occurrence in the study area, and techniques to identify larval stages for effective control by local farmers and extension workers. When designing strategies for borer control, elevation may not be a major concern at this spatial scale.
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Cereal stem borer (Lepidoptera) assemblage structure in a sub-tropical agro-ecosystem, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

- Niba, AS., Mdazu, S.

Authors: Niba, AS. , Mdazu, S.
Date: 2021
Subjects: Cereal products Stem borers Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6948 , vital:52620 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1893861"
Description: Insect pests, especially lepidopterous stem borers, cause significant losses to cereal production at local and global scales. The borer species associated with cultivated grain cereals and alternative wild host plants were identified at three elevation gradients in the former Transkei area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Stem borer sampling was undertaken during maize crop and non-crop seasons in Port St Johns (PSJ), Mthatha and Elliot, sites that differ in elevation above sea level, annual precipitation and temperature. Morphologically identical borers retrieved from each sampling unit were recorded, processed and reared to adult stage for identification at an ambient temperature range of 25–28°C and a relative humidity range of 65–80%. Specimens were sorted first into morphospecies (MS1–MS6) based on external morphological characteristics. Six stem borer species (Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis, Eldana saccharina, Chilo orichalcocili, Chilo sacchariphagus and Chilo partellus) were collected during the survey. E. saccharina and C. orichalcocili were absent in PSJ; in Elliot, E. saccahrina occurred in very low numbers whereas C. partellus was absent. Busseola fusca was more abundant at high altitude (i.e. Elliot). Borer community structure in the study showed similarity between Mthatha and Elliot. Species richness and abundance across study sites were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The study provides information on borer species occurrence in the study area, and techniques to identify larval stages for effective control by local farmers and extension workers. When designing strategies for borer control, elevation may not be a major concern at this spatial scale.
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Clinical outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients at Mthatha Regional Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A retrospective study

- Kaswa, Ramprakash, Yogeswaran, Parimalaranie, Cawe, Busisiwe

Authors: Kaswa, Ramprakash , Yogeswaran, Parimalaranie , Cawe, Busisiwe
Date: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 Diabetes Hypertension Diseases Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7330 , vital:53402 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5253"
Description: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health crisis that threatens the current health system. The sudden expansion in the need for inpatient and intensive care facilities raised concerns about optimal clinical management and resource allocation. Despite the pressing need for evidence to make context-specific decisions on COVID-19 management, evidence from South Africa remained limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of hospitalised adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 illness at Mthatha Regional Hospital (MRH), Eastern Cape. Results: Of the 1814 patients tested for COVID-19 between 20 March 2020 and 31 July 2020 at MRH, two-thirds (65.4%) were female. About two-thirds (242) of the 392 patients (21.6%) who tested positive for this disease were hospitalised and one-third (150) were quarantined at home. The mean age of the patients tested for COVID-19 was 42.6 years and there was no difference between males and females. The mean age of hospitalised patients was 55.5 years and the mean age of hospitalised patients who died (61.3 years) was much higher than recovered (49.5 years). Overall, 188 (77.6%) hospitalised patients had clinical comorbidity on admission. Diabetes (36.8%) and hypertension (33.1%) were the most common comorbidities amongst COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Conclusion: The majority of the patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 were elderly and had high baseline comorbidities. Advance age and underlying comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension and HIV) were associated with high mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19, diabetes; hypertension; hospitalised; co-morbidity.
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Covid-19 and the restrictive measures: The national security conundrum for Zimbabwe

- Mugari, Ishmael, Obioha, Emeka E.

Authors: Mugari, Ishmael , Obioha, Emeka E.
Date: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) National security Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6926 , vital:52571 , xlink:href="https://10.1080/10246029.2021.1972015"
Description: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the onset of the year 2020 brought unprecedented suffering to humanity. Economic activities in virtually all nations across the globe were brought to a shuddering halt, with the third world suffering the worst effects on the economic front. The health security of nations across the globe was shaken, as nations came to terms with the surging health needs for the infected citizens. In order to grapple with the pandemic, nations took drastic measures, chief among them being the implementation of lockdowns, coupled with harsh restrictions. These measures, however, came at a cost. This paper explores the impacts of the restrictive measures that were implemented by the Zimbabwean government to combat COVID-19 pandemic. The paper interrogates these measures in the context of the national security discourse. In the analysis, the paper also makes reference to South Africa- a more developed nation and Zimbabwe’s neighbour. Keywords: COVID-19 , national security, health security, lockdown
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Demographical variables and entrepreneurial disposition: a narrative overview of literature

- Lose, Thobekani, Kwahene, Francis

Authors: Lose, Thobekani , Kwahene, Francis
Date: 2021
Language: English
Type: article , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7408 , vital:53970 , https://www.abacademies.org/articles/demographical-variables-and-entrepreneurial-disposition-a-narrative-overview-of-literature-9990.html
Description: Significant scholarship on the criticality of entrepreneurship to economic development exists. Policy makers have also accepted existing entrepreneurship and economic development theories in efforts to drive economic development reduce poverty, unemployment and increase wealth levels of the populations. In view of this, researches on the qualities and related predictors or antecedents that are related to the inclination of individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities have been considered. The present study sought to pull together research studies on the demographical variables that affect entrepreneurial disposition. A narrative overview of literature anchored the study. The study found that most sections of the literature on predictors of entrepreneurial disposition have focused on personal attitudes, personality traits and qualities that increase the likelihood of an individual to engage in entrepreneurship. Gender has been the most prominent demographical variable that has received scholarship and it has been established that males seem to be more predisposed to engage in entrepreneurship than females, even though female entrepreneurship is on the rise. Studies on age have suggested that entrepreneurial predisposition seems to ascend among the younger age groups to a peak around middle age before it starts to decline. It appears that consideration of other demographical variables such as marital status, race and place of origin have not been adequately explored.
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Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa

- Oluwakemi Laguda-Akingba

Authors: Oluwakemi Laguda-Akingba
Date: 2021
Language: English
Type: Journal Article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4505 , vital:44127
Description: Continued uncontrolled transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in many parts of the world is creating conditions for substantial evolutionary changes to the virus1,2. Here we describe a newly arisen lineage of SARS-CoV-2 (designated 501Y.V2; also known as B.1.351 or 20H) that is defined by eight mutations in the spike protein, including three substitutions (K417N, E484K and N501Y) at residues in its receptor-binding domain that may have functional importance3–5. This lineage was identified in South Africa after the first wave of the epidemic in a severely affected metropolitan area (Nelson Mandela Bay) that is located on the coast of the Eastern Cape province. This lineage spread rapidly, and became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape and KwaZulu– Natal provinces within weeks. Although the full import of the mutations is yet to be determined, the genomic data—which show rapid expansion and displacement of other lineages in several regions—suggest that this lineage is associated with a selection advantage that most plausibly results from increased transmissibility or immune escape6–8.
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Detection of extended spectrum beta‑lactamase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

- Mojisola C. Hosu, Sandeep D. Vasaikar,, Grace E. Okuthe, Teke Apalata

Authors: Mojisola C. Hosu , Sandeep D. Vasaikar, , Grace E. Okuthe , Teke Apalata
Date: 2021
Language: English
Type: Journal Article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4509 , vital:44128
Description: The proliferation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent a major public health threat. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa strains and characterized the ESBLs and Metallo- β-lactamases (MBL) produced. Strains of P. aeruginosa cultured from patients who attended Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and other clinics in the four district municipalities of the Eastern Cape between August 2017 and May 2019 were identified; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out against thirteen clinically relevant antibiotics using the BioMérieux VITEK 2 and confirmed by Beckman autoSCAN-4 System. Real-time PCR was done using Roche Light Cycler 2.0 to detect the presence of ESBLs; blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes; and MBLs; blaIMP, blaVIM. Strains of P. aeruginosa demonstrated resistance to wide-ranging clinically relevant antibiotics including piperacillin (64.2%), followed by aztreonam (57.8%), cefepime (51.5%), ceftazidime (51.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (50.5%), and imipenem (46.6%). A total of 75 (36.8%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were observed of the total pool of isolates. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was detected in 79.3%, 69.5% and 31.7% isolates (n = 82), respectively. The blaIMP was detected in 1.25% while no blaVIM was detected in any of the strains tested. The study showed a high rate of MDR P. aeruginosa in our setting. The vast majority of these resistant strains carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and strict compliance towards infection prevention and control practices are the best defence against spread of MDR P. aeruginosa.
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Determinants of Job Satisfaction Among Academics at A Selected Institution of Higher Learning in The Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

- Mefi, Nteboheng Patricia, Asoba, Samson Nambei

Authors: Mefi, Nteboheng Patricia , Asoba, Samson Nambei
Date: 2021
Subjects: Education (Higher) Education (Higher) Computer File , Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction Computer File
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7443 , vital:53976 , https://www.abacademies.org/articles/determinants-of-job-satisfaction-among-academics-at-a-selected-institution-of-higher-learning-in-the-eastern-cape-province-of-sout-13195.html
Description: Many studies have considered job satisfaction and its antecedents in the profit making sector. These studies have provided a number of factors that influence job satisfaction including autonomy, compensation, growth opportunities, leadership styles, task variety and so on. There are numerous factors that have been discovered to positively influence job satisfaction. Interest in job satisfaction arises from the fact that productivity and other favourable organisational outcomes such as service delivery and quality of outputs have been found to associate with job satisfaction. This study followed a quantitative approach based on a Likert questionnaire to collect data on the antecedents of employee job satisfaction within a Higher Education Institution (HEI) in South Africa. It was established that antecedents of job satisfaction in the HEI resembled closely those established in the literature. It is recommended that HEI should consider factors such as remuneration, task variety, work autonomy, good workplace relations and leadership styles to foster employee motivation. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Higher Education Institutions, Human Capital, Productivity
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Developing Rural Economies through Small to Medium Tourism Enterprise: the case of Matatiele and Cedarville in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

- Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga, Matarinano, Obert, Vallabh, Dinesh

Authors: Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga , Matarinano, Obert , Vallabh, Dinesh
Date: 2021
Subjects: Matatiele, South Africa Small and medium-sized enterprises Small Business Computer File
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6015 , vital:45081 , https://www.ijicc.net/index.php/ijicc-editions/2021/226-vol-15-iss-10
Description: Globally, nations depend on small businesses as engines for economic growth. Small to Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs), as part of the small business sector, are increasingly becoming important in terms of job creation, wealth creation and driving economic growth in smaller rural geographic areas. Utilising a mixed research approach, the paper identifies characteristics of SMTEs in Matatiele and Cedarville with the intention of identifying specific ways in which they can be supported to attain their real potential in enabling economic development in rural environment. Purposive sampling method was used to select respondents and self-administered questionnaires utilised to gather relevant data from managers/owners. The results indicate that the rural tourism is dominated by female-owned enterprises primarily offering accommodation services. Most of the enterprises have been in operation for a period of more than five years which points to potential growth as they are able to survive. The results further show that the businesses that participated in the survey intent employing more full-time employees. Furthermore, the results underscore that there is lack of local government support to promote entrepreneurship in the SMTEs sector particularly those that are located in the rural environment. The findings elucidate the ability of SMTEs to greatly reduce the high unemployment in rural economies if appropriate systems are put in place to support these enterprises. These findings have implications for the national, provincial and local government spheres in South Africa in their quest to create job opportunities in rural areas through entrepreneurship and SMTEs in order to provide impetus to the Eastern Cape Province and South African Economy. This paper
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Doctors’ practice and attitudes towards red blood cell transfusion at Mthatha Regional Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A mixed methods study

- O’Mahony, Don, Adedayo, Temitope, Adeleke, Olukayode

Authors: O’Mahony, Don , Adedayo, Temitope , Adeleke, Olukayode
Date: 2021
Subjects: Physicians Erythrocytes--Transfusion Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7989 , vital:57871 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2889"
Description: Background: Unnecessary blood transfusion exposes recipients to potential harms. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe blood transfusion practice and explore doctors’ attitudes towards transfusion. Setting: A hospital providing level 1 and 2 services. Methods: A mixed-methods study design was used. In the cross-sectional descriptive component, a sample was taken from patients transfused over a 2-month period. Blood use was categorised as for medical anaemia or haemorrhage, and appropriate or not. The qualitative component comprised a purposeful sample for focus group and individual semistructured interviews. Results: Of 239 patients sampled, 62% were transfused for medical anaemia and 38% for haemorrhage. In the medical anaemia group, compliance with age-appropriate transfusion thresholds was 69%. In medical anaemia and haemorrhage, 114 (77%) and 85 (93.4%) of recipients had orders for ≥ 2 red blood cell (RBC) units, respectively. In adults ≥ 18 years old with medical anaemia, 47.1% of orders would have resulted in a haemoglobin (Hb) > 8 g/dL. Six doctors participated in focus group and eleven in individual interviews. There was a lack of awareness of institutional transfusion guidelines, disagreement on appropriate RBC transfusion thresholds and comments that more than one RBC unit should always be transfused. Factors informing decisions to transfuse included advice from senior colleagues, relieving symptoms of anaemia and high product costs. Conclusion: Most orders were for two or more units. In medical anaemia, doctors’ compliance with RBC transfusion thresholds was reasonable; however, almost half of the orders would have resulted in overtransfusion. The attitudes of doctors sampled suggest that their transfusion practice is influenced more by institutional values than formal guidelines. Keywords: red blood cell transfusion; doctors’ attitudes; doctors’ practice; transfusion thresholds; overtransfusion; descriptive study; qualitative study.
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Doctors’ practice and attitudes towards red blood cell transfusion at Mthatha Regional Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A mixed methods study

- Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A, O’Mahony, Don, Adedayo, Temitope, Adeleke, Olukayode

Authors: Mabunda, Sikhumbuzo A , O’Mahony, Don , Adedayo, Temitope , Adeleke, Olukayode
Date: 2021
Subjects: Physicians Erythrocytes--Transfusion Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7216 , vital:53088 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2889"
Description: Background: Unnecessary blood transfusion exposes recipients to potential harms. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe blood transfusion practice and explore doctors’ attitudes towards transfusion. Setting: A hospital providing level 1 and 2 services. Methods: A mixed-methods study design was used. In the cross-sectional descriptive component, a sample was taken from patients transfused over a 2-month period. Blood use was categorised as for medical anaemia or haemorrhage, and appropriate or not. The qualitative component comprised a purposeful sample for focus group and individual semistructured interviews. Results: Of 239 patients sampled, 62% were transfused for medical anaemia and 38% for haemorrhage. In the medical anaemia group, compliance with age-appropriate transfusion thresholds was 69%. In medical anaemia and haemorrhage, 114 (77%) and 85 (93.4%) of recipients had orders for ≥ 2 red blood cell (RBC) units, respectively. In adults ≥ 18 years old with medical anaemia, 47.1% of orders would have resulted in a haemoglobin (Hb) > 8 g/dL. Six doctors participated in focus group and eleven in individual interviews. There was a lack of awareness of institutional transfusion guidelines, disagreement on appropriate RBC transfusion thresholds and comments that more than one RBC unit should always be transfused. Factors informing decisions to transfuse included advice from senior colleagues, relieving symptoms of anaemia and high product costs. Conclusion: Most orders were for two or more units. In medical anaemia, doctors’ compliance with RBC transfusion thresholds was reasonable; however, almost half of the orders would have resulted in overtransfusion. The attitudes of doctors sampled suggest that their transfusion practice is influenced more by institutional values than formal guidelines. Keywords: red blood cell transfusion; doctors’ attitudes; doctors’ practice; transfusion thresholds; overtransfusion; descriptive study; qualitative study.
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Encouraging and discouraging factors to crime reporting in South Africa: a survey of residents’ crime reporting behaviour in Mthatha South Africa police service precinct

- Mbewu, Ithandile, Obioha, Emeka E, Mugari , Ishmael

Authors: Mbewu, Ithandile , Obioha, Emeka E , Mugari , Ishmael
Date: 2021
Subjects: Crime Citizen crime reporting Article
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6967 , vital:52622 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2002542"
Description: The aim of this study was to explore issues concerning dispositions of crime-reporting behaviour of both witnesses and victims and comes against a backdrop of a rise in crime levels in South Africa. The study specifically examined the discouraging and encouraging factors for crime reporting in Mthatha area in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A quantitative methodology was adopted, wherein a closed-ended questionnaire was used to gather data from 120 respondents. The result of the analysis revealed police absence of loyalty to citizens, lack of support for victims and lack of follow-up on reported cases as the major factors which discourage citizens from reporting crimes to the police. Further regression analysis confirmed gender, race, location of respondents and socio-economic status as significant predictors that influence discouragement. As regards the encouraging factors, overall, the citizens’ collective responsibility for safe communities was viewed as the major drive for reporting crimes to the police. From the findings, it can be concluded that poor police-public relations is the main driver for non-reporting of crime. The study recommends strengthening of police-public relations in order to encourage citizens to report crime.
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Epidemiology, risk factors and molecular analysis of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa:

- S.D.Vasaikar, P.Hanise, D.T.Abaver

Authors: S.D.Vasaikar , P.Hanise , D.T.Abaver
Date: 2021
Subjects: Epidemiology Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Mthatha
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3129 , vital:43143 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/f10060467"
Description: Abstract text. Background: The emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an important threat to global health. Reported outcomes of infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are poor. Commonly used antibiotics are generally inactive against CRE. Therefore, timely detection of CRE is of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate the resistance genes responsible for CRE in Mthatha and to identify risk factors. Methods and materials: Study design – Prospective cohort study. Study period – 23 April to 27 September 2019. Setting – Eastern Cape province, SA. Study population – All adult and paediatric CRE patients. CRE case definition according to CDC 2018. ID and AST-bioMérieux Vitek 2 system. Detection of the blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaVIM by the RESIST-4 OKNV assay (Coris). Patients were interviewed to determine risk factors associated with CRE. Results: Forty-four non-duplicate CRE patients were identified during the study period from microbiology lab at NMAH. Enterobacteriaceae species: K. pneumoniae 22 (61.4%), E. cloacae 10 (22.7%), E. coli 2 (4.5%) and K. oxytoca, P. rettgeri and M. morganii 1 each (4.3%). Adult patient 29 (65.9%0 and paediatric 15 (34.1%). Race: all black patients except one white. CRE genes-blaOXA-48 22 (50%), blaNDM 8 (18.2%), two isolates (4.5%) with both blaOXA and blaNDM. We did not find any blaKPC and blaVIM in our setting and 12 (27.2%) isolates were negative for all OKNV. Outcomes: Demised 18 (40.9%), still admitted in the ward 1 (2.3%), discharged home on basis of clinical grounds 22 (50%) and 3 (6.8%) were transferred back to the district hospitals. HAI in 27 (61.4%) with VAP 8, HABSI 8, CAUTI 5, SSI 3 and CLABSI in 3. Risk factors for CRE acquisition were antibiotic exposure 25 (58.7%), ICU stay 7 (15.9%), received medical care in last 6 months 35 (79.6%) and none travelled outside RSA. HIV positive – 19 (43.2%). Conclusion: In out setting our CRE mortality rate is 40.9%, common CRE genotypes are blaOXA-48 and blaNDM. K. pneumoniae is the most common CRE-producing Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic exposure is an important risk factor in Mthatha and surrounding areas.
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Evaluation of Intussusception After Oral Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination in South Africa

- Michelle J. Groome, Nick Andrews, Jacqueline E. Tate, Marion Arnold, Milind Chitnis, Sharon Cox, Corné de Vos, Mari Kirsten, Susanna M. le Grange, Jerome Loveland, Sello Machaea, Ashwini Maharaj, Shabir A. Madhi, Umesh D. Parashar

Authors: Michelle J. Groome , Nick Andrews , Jacqueline E. Tate , Marion Arnold , Milind Chitnis , Sharon Cox , Corné de Vos , Mari Kirsten , Susanna M. le Grange , Jerome Loveland , Sello Machaea , Ashwini Maharaj , Shabir A. Madhi , Umesh D. Parashar
Date: 2021
Language: English
Type: Journal Article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4543 , vital:44131
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