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Essential medicine selection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enabling access in uncharted territory

- A G Parrish

Authors: A G Parrish
Date: 2020
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3364 , vital:43319 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/13086
Description: The COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent decisions regarding treatment policy in the face of rapidly evolving evidence. In response, the South African Essential Medicines List Committee established a subcommittee to systematically review and appraise emerging evidence, within very short timelines, in order to inform the National Department of Health COVID-19 treatment guidelines. To date, the subcommittee has reviewed 14 potential treatments, and made recommendations based on local context, feasibility, resource requirements and equity. Here we describe the rapid review and evidence-to-decision process, using remdesivir and dexamethasone as examples. Our experience is that conducting rapid reviews is a practical and efficient way to address medicine policy questions under pandemic conditions.
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Events as catalyst to atact tourists to destinations: Spectator perceptions of the social impact of events in East London: A study of Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa 70.3 in Buffalo City

- Mxunyelwa, Siayabonga

Authors: Mxunyelwa, Siayabonga
Date: 2020
Language: English
Type: Conference Proceeding
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10868 , vital:75300
Description: In recent years, globally events have shown rapid growth as types of attractions within destinations with such events creating a favourable image of a destination, expanding the traditional tourist season, spreading tourist demand evenly through an area and attracting foreign and domestic visitors. As far as South Africa is concerned attracting influx of tourists is the problem in the event sport tourism industry The objective of this study is to address this gap and to evaluate the social impact perceptions of event tourism spectators. The research design for the proposed study primarily involved exploratory and descriptive research. The target-sampling frame was the event tourism spectators at the Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa 70.3 Triathlon event held in East London. The findings suggest that the opportunity to meet new people, attend a major event and enhancing event tourism destination were deemed positive social impacts. Conversely, the study suggested that littering and social inequalities (exclusionary) are negative social impacts. The results in this study have produced a foundation that events management practitioners, event tourism planners, policy makers, decision makers, researchers and academics can utilise in planning for future events that are socially sustainable in a developing economy context such as South Africa.
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Events tourism as a conduit to promote underdeveloped tourist destinations, with specific reference to the Mooiplaas Homecoming Music Event in East London, South Africa

- Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga, Kilani, Khuselwa Busisiwe

Authors: Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga , Kilani, Khuselwa Busisiwe
Date: 2020
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1958 , vital:39809 , https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_9_vol_9_2__2020_wsu.pdf
Description: Events tourism has demonstrated growth over the years, and has been used as a tool to boost local economies. Hosting such events creates benefits, these include the boost in the local economy, improvement of infrastructure on destinations and job creation. The purpose of this paper was to investigate how events tourism could be utilised as a conduit to promote underdeveloped tourist destinations in Mooiplaas. Secondary data sources were consulted to understand the role of events tourism in the local community of Mooiplaas. This paper utilised a survey questionnaire to collect data. The simple random sampling method was utilised to select the respondents. The findings indicate that 70% of the respondents agreed that they are consulted about the events that promote their community. Furthermore, the findings elucidates that 82% of the respondents concur that events can potentially create entrepreneurial opportunities. These findings contribute significantly in developing the local economic strategies of the municipalities in underdeveloped regions. As such it is recommended that events are planned in a coherent, systematic manner in order to achieve local economic development objectives. Furthermore, the paper provided a foundation on how to plan, organise, lead and control events that can potentially unearth tourism demand particularly in developing tourist destinations. Moreover, it is hoped that the paper will serve as the basis to plan future events in the context of regions such as Mooiplaas that are still engulfed with developmental challenges, these contribute to triple threat of unemployed, poverty and inequality.
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Factors Influencing Enrolment In Rural Primary Schools In One Circuit, Port St. Johns Cmc, Or Tambo Coastal Education District

- Lungu, Simlindile Humphrey

Authors: Lungu, Simlindile Humphrey
Date: 2020
Subjects: Collaboration, school culture, school merger, rationalisation, educator attrition, enrolment, rural, educators, learners.
Language: English
Type: Masters , Master of Education (M. Ed)
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6244 , vital:45343
Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing enrolment in rural primary schools in one Circuit in Port St. Johns CMC in OR Tambo Coastal Education District. The literature review looked into each of the following aspects of factors influencing enrolment in rural primary schools: challenges resulting in policy issues, the challenge of infrastructure, other factors that influence enrolment in rural school and strategies to overcome enrolment challenges in rural schools. The study was qualitative in nature and employed case study research design. Convenient sampling was used to select four rural primary schools in one Circuit in Port St. Johns Circuit Management Centre (CMC) in OR Tambo Education District. The principal, one (1) educator, one (1) parent and one (1) learner were purposively selected from each school and this made a total of sixteen (16) participants. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted to gather data about the views and opinions of the participants. Data were analysed using the interpretational analytical strategies. Themes were drawn from the responses of the participants. The major findings were:When the number of learners decreases, the number of educators is also reduced proportionately as a results educators have to take more subjects.There was a negative effect of the relocation of parents, there was poor quality of teaching and learning, the effect of instability crippled normal functioning of the school, there was poor school management as the schools were hit by having no principals due to internal disputes, there were disruptions of teaching and learning due to instability in rural primary schools. The main recommendations are: Rural primary schools should gradually improve the quality of teaching and learning provisioning and arrest the decline in enrolment;At least each class should have an educator, so that discipline can be maintained in all classes; Given the highly technical nature of the process involved in determining the PPN of schools, the DBE, the Provincial Education Departments as well as educator unions should as a matter of priority engage in a massive campaign to capacitate principals on the application of the PPN and its related formula; An audit into the schools' physical infrastructure be conducted to redress the meaningful pedagogical environment of teaching and learning.
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Genetics of schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa

- Gulsuner, S, Stein, D J, Susser, E S, Sibeko, G, Pretorius, A, Walsh, T, Majara, L, Mndini, M M, Mqulwana, S G, Ntola, O A, Casadei, S, Zingela, Zukiswa, Nagdee, M, Ramesar, R S, King, M-C, McClellan, J M, Ngqengelele, L L, Korchina, V, van der Merwe, C, Malan, M, Fader, K M, Feng, M, Willoughby, E, Munzi, D, Andrews, H F, Gur, R C, Gibbs, R A

Authors: Gulsuner, S , Stein, D J , Susser, E S , Sibeko, G , Pretorius, A , Walsh, T , Majara, L , Mndini, M M , Mqulwana, S G , Ntola, O A , Casadei, S , Zingela, Zukiswa , Nagdee, M , Ramesar, R S , King, M-C , McClellan, J M , Ngqengelele, L L , Korchina, V , van der Merwe, C , Malan, M , Fader, K M , Feng, M , Willoughby, E , Munzi, D , Andrews, H F , Gur, R C , Gibbs, R A
Date: 2020
Subjects: Schizophrenia -- Diagnosis -- Cross-cultural studies , Medical genetics , Xhosa (African people)
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4217 , vital:44044 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay8833
Description: Africa, the ancestral home of all modern humans, is the most informative continent for understanding the human genome and its contribution to complex disease. To better understand the genetics of schizophrenia, we studied the illness in the Xhosa population of South Africa, recruiting 909 cases and 917 age-, gender-, and residence-matched controls. Individuals with schizophrenia were significantly more likely than controls to harbor private, severely damaging mutations in genes that are critical to synaptic function, including neural circuitry mediated by the neurotransmitters glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. Schizophrenia is genetically highly heterogeneous, involving severe ultrarare mutations in genes that are critical to synaptic plasticity. The depth of genetic variation in Africa revealed this relationship with a moderate sample size and informed our understanding of the genetics of schizophrenia worldwide.
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Intersection of race, gender and class in the interventional life-writings of four selected South African authors

- Ndlovu, Siphatisiwe Patricia

Authors: Ndlovu, Siphatisiwe Patricia
Date: 2020
Subjects: Post-apartheid era -- South Africa , Interventional writing , Fred Khumalo , Malaika wa Azania , Khaya Dlanga , Tumi Morake
Language: English
Type: Master's theses , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3414 , vital:43345
Description: The interventional life writings of second generation life writers (young, black, middleclass South Africans) in post-apartheid South Africa have not attracted much academic debate in spite of the burgeoning of such writings recently. The intersection of race, class and gender in post-apartheid South Africa remains a problem and a rich site of research, hence this research’s reading of four selected life writings by young, black, middle-class South Africans living in post-apartheid South Africa: Fred Khumalo’s Touch My Blood: The Early Years (2006), Malaika Wa Azania’s Memoires of a Born Free: Reflections on the Rainbow Nation (2014), Khaya Dlanga’s To Quote Myself (2015) and Tumi Morake’s And Then Mama Said… Words That Set My Life Alight (2018). Using the intersectional approach, the study explores the lives narrated by second generation South Africans, in a manner similar to the grand narratives because of their historical and social context. The study focalises life/self-writers who have experienced post-apartheid trauma of being racialized, gendered and classed in a democratic country. This is a shift from the staple analysis of lives of political struggle against apartheid, narrated by historical legends such as Nelson Mandela. The study then, by focusing on ‘small voices’ closes a critical gap created by over-attention paid to grand narratives in South African life writing. Self-narrations by young, black, middle-class South Africans emerge not only as a way of narrating history but also as a means of making history. Through the deployment of the intersectional approach (the interconnectedness of inequalities) to analyse the systems of oppression associated with democratic South Africa, the four selected interventional life writers reveal how their experiences and identities are an outcome of constantly renegotiating power relations. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2020
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